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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.32

Secession to the Sacred Mount

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Liv. 2.32.1Timor inde patrēs incessit, nē, sī dīmissus exercitus foret, rūrsus coetūs occultī coniūrātiōnēsque fierent.Then fear came over the senators that, if the army were disbanded, there would again be secret meetings and conspiracies. Liv. 2.32.1Itaque, quamquam per dictātōrem dīlēctus habitus esset, tamen, quoniam in cōnsulum verba iūrāssent, sacrāmentō tenērī mīlitem ratī, per causam renovātī ab Aequīs bellī ēdūcī ex urbe legiōnēs iussēre.And so, although the levy had been held by the dictator, yet, thinking that since the men had sworn their oath to the consuls the soldiers were bound by it, they ordered the legions to be led out of the city on the pretext that war had been renewed by the Aequi. Liv. 2.32.1Quō factō mātūrāta est sēditiō.This action brought the sedition to a head. Liv. 2.32.2Et prīmō agitātum dīcitur dē cōnsulum caede, ut solverentur sacrāmentō;And at first, it is said, there was talk of killing the consuls, so as to be released from their oath; Liv. 2.32.2doctōs deinde nūllam scelere religiōnem exsolvī, Siciniō quōdam auctōre iniussū cōnsulum in Sacrum montem sēcessisse — trāns Aniēnem amnem est, tria ab urbe mīlia passuum;then, having been taught that no religious obligation is dissolved by a crime, they withdrew, at the prompting of one Sicinius and without the consuls' orders, to the Sacred Mount — it is across the river Anio, three miles from the city; Liv. 2.32.3ea frequentior fāma est quam, cuius Pīsō auctor est, in Aventīnum sēcessiōnem factam esse — ;this account is more widespread than the one, of which Piso is the authority, that the secession was made to the Aventine — ; Liv. 2.32.4ibi sine ūllō duce vallō fossāque commūnītīs castrīs quiētī, rem nūllam nisi necessāriam ad vīctum sūmendō, per aliquot diēs neque lacessītī neque lacessentēs sēsē tenuēre.there, without any leader, having fortified a camp with rampart and ditch, they kept quiet for some days, taking nothing but what they needed for food, neither provoked nor provoking.

Liv. 2.32.5Pavor ingēns in urbe, metūque mūtuō suspēnsa erant omnia.There was great panic in the city, and everything was held in suspense by mutual fear. Liv. 2.32.5Timēre relicta ab suīs plēbēs violentiam patrum;The plebs, left behind by their own people, feared the violence of the senators; Liv. 2.32.5timēre patrēs residem in urbe plēbem, incertī, manēre eam an abīre māllent.the senators feared the plebs remaining in the city, unsure whether they would rather it stayed or went. Liv. 2.32.6Quamdiū autem tranquillam, quae sēcesserit, multitūdinem fore?And how long would the multitude that had seceded stay peaceful? Liv. 2.32.7Quid futūrum deinde, sī quod externum interim bellum existat?What would happen then, if some foreign war should break out meanwhile? Liv. 2.32.7Nūllam profectō nisi in concordiā cīvium spem reliquam dūcere;Surely they thought no hope remained except in the harmony of the citizens; Liv. 2.32.8eam per aequa, per inīqua reconciliandam cīvitātī esse.this must be restored to the state by fair means or foul. Liv. 2.32.8Placuit igitur ōrātōrem ad plēbem mittī Menēnium Agrippam, fācundum virum et, quod inde oriundus erat, plēbī cārum.It was decided therefore to send to the plebs as spokesman Menenius Agrippa, an eloquent man and, because he was by origin one of them, dear to the plebs.

Liv. 2.32.8Is intrōmissus in castra prīscō illō dīcendī et horridō modo nihil aliud quam hoc narrāsse fertur: tempore, quō in homine nōn, ut nunc, omnia in ūnum cōnsentientia, sed singulīs membrīs suum cuique cōnsilium, suus sermō fuerit, indignātās reliquās partēs suā cūrā, suō labōre ac ministeriō ventrī omnia quaerī, ventrem in mediō quiētum nihil aliud quam datīs voluptātibus fruī;Admitted into the camp, he is said to have told them, in that old-fashioned and rough manner of speaking, nothing but this: that at the time when in a man the parts did not, as now, all agree together as one, but each member had its own counsel and its own speech, the other parts were indignant that everything was got for the belly by their care, their toil and service, while the belly, quiet in the middle, did nothing but enjoy the pleasures given to it; Liv. 2.32.10cōnspīrāsse inde, nē manūs ad ōs cibum ferrent, nec ōs acciperet datum, nec dentēs cōnficerent.they then conspired that the hands should not carry food to the mouth, nor the mouth take what was given, nor the teeth chew it.

Liv. 2.32.10Hāc īrā dum ventrem fame domāre vellent, ipsa ūna membra tōtumque corpus ad extrēmam tābem vēnisse.While in this anger they sought to tame the belly by hunger, the members themselves and the whole body came to the last stage of wasting. Liv. 2.32.11Inde appāruisse ventris quoque haud segne ministerium esse, nec magis alīquam alere eum, reddentem in omnīs corporis partēs hunc, quō vīvimus vigēmusque, dīvīsum pariter in vēnās, mātūrum cōnfectō cibō sanguinem.From this it became plain that the belly too performed no idle service, and that it was nourished no more than it nourished, sending out to all parts of the body this blood, by which we live and thrive, distributed equally through the veins and enriched by the digested food. Liv. 2.32.11Conparandō hinc, quam intestīna corporis sēditiō similis esset īrae plēbis in patrēs, flexisse mentēs hominum.By comparing in this way how like the internal sedition of the body was to the anger of the plebs against the senators, he changed the men's minds.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×5, ablative absolute ×4, purpose clauses ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (211 words)
timor, -ōris, m.fear
inde (adv.)from there; then
pater, patris, m.father
incēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumwalk, step, advance
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
sī, conj.if
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
rūrsus, adv.again
coetus, -ūs m.meeting, gathering, assembly
occultus, -a, -umhidden, secret
coniūrātiō, -ōnis f.conspiracy
que, enclitic conj.and
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
quamquam, conj.however much, although
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
dīlēctus, -ūs m.levy, recruitment of soldiers; dīlēctum habēre: hold a levy
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
quoniam, conj.since now, since
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
verbum, -ī, n.word
iūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusswear; iūs iūrandum, oath
sacrāmentum, -ī n.military oath (of allegiance)
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
renovō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumrenew
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
bellum, -ī, n.war
ēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead out, draw
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
urbs, urbis, f.city
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
mātūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusripen; hasten
sēditiō, -ōnis f.riot, mutiny, discord
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
prīmō, adv.at first
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtusloosen, unbind, release; pay; with or without nāvem, cast off, set sail, put to sea
doctus, -a, -umlearned, skilled, trained (in: abl.)
deinde, adv.then, next
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
religiō, -ōnis f.religious scruple, religious duty
exsolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusset free, release
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
iniussū (abl. only)without the order (of)
sacer, sacra, sacrumsacred, holy
mōns, montis, m.mountain
sēcēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw
trāns, prep. with acc.across, over
amnis, -is m.river
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
passus, -ūs, m.pace (mīlia passuum: miles)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
frequēns, -entiscrowded, in great numbers; frequent
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
sēcessiō, -ōnis f.withdrawal, secession (of the plebs from Rome)
ibi, adv.in that place, there
sine, prep. with abl.without
ūllus, -a, -umany
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
vallum, -ī n.rampart, palisade
fossa, -ae, f.ditch, trench
commūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītumfortify strongly
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
quiētus, -a, -umquiet, at peace, calm
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
nisi, conj.if not, unless
necessārius, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m.necessary, critical; (noun) close friend, relative
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
vīctus, -ūs, m.sustenance, food
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
lacessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītumprovoke, harass
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
pavor, -ōris, m.terror, panic
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
mūtuus, -a, -umborrowed, lent; mutual (pecūnia mūtua: a loan)
suspendō, -pendere, -pendī, -pēnsushang up, hang
omnis, -eall, every
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
violentia, -ae f.violence, vehemence
reses, -idisinactive, sluggish
incertus, -a, -umuncertain, unreliable
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
an, conj.or (in questions)
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
quamdiū (adv., conj.)how long; as long as
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
tranquillus, -a, -umcalm
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
externus, -a, -umoutside, foreign
interim (adv.)meanwhile
exsistō, -ere, -stitīcome forth, arise; appear
profectō, adv.certainly, surely
concordia, -ae f.agreement, harmony
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
spēs, speī, f.hope
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
inīquus, -a, -umuneven; unfair
reconciliō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbring back, win back; reconcile
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
igitur, conj.therefore
ōrātor, -ōris m.speaker; envoy
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
fācundus, -a, -umeloquent, fluent
vir, virī, m.man
quod, conj.that, in that, because
oriundus, -a, -umdescended, sprung (from: ab + abl.)
cārus, -a, -umdear, precious
intrōmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumlet in, send in
prīscus, -a, -umancient, of olden times; Prīscī Latīnī: the Old Latins
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
horridus, -a, -umrough, wild, frightening
modo, adv.only
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
narrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustell, relate, narrate
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
homō, hominis, m.man
nōn, adv.not
nunc, adv.now
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
cōnsentiō, -īre, -sēnsī, -sēnsumagree; act together
sed, conj.but
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
membrum, -ī, n.limb, member
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
indignor, -ārī, -ātus sumbe indignant, resent
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ministerium, -ī n.service, office, duty
venter, ventris, m.belly
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
voluptās, -tātis, f.pleasure
fruor, -ī, frūctus sum (+ abl.)enjoy
cōnspīrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumagree, plot together
manus, -ūs, f.hand
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
cibus, -ī, m.food
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
dēns, dentis, m.tooth
cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
famēs, -is, abl. famē, f.hunger
domō, -āre, -uī, -itustame, subdue, master
volō, velle, voluīwish
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
corpus, corporis, n.body
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
tābēs, -is f.wasting, decay; plague, pestilence
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
quoque, adv.also
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
segnis, -eslow, sluggish, idle
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
alō, -ere, -uī, -tusnourish
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
vigeō, -ēre, -uībe strong, thrive, flourish
dīvidō, -videre, -vīsī, -vīsusdivide, separate
pariter (adv.)equally, alike; at the same time
vēna, -ae f.vein
mātūrus, -a, -umripe
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
comparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscompare, set side by side; match
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
intestīnus, -a, -uminternal, domestic, civil
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
flectō, -ere, flexī, flexusbend, turn
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.