LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Livy › History of Rome, Book 2 › Ab Urbe Condita 2.31

Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.31

Valerius triumphs and resigns

English onlyRead it word by word

Liv. 2.31.1Dum haec in Volscīs geruntur, dictātor Sabīnōs, ubi longē plūrimum bellī fuerat, fundit fugatque, exuit castrīs.While this was going on among the Volsci, the dictator routs and puts to flight the Sabines, where by far the greatest part of the war had been, and strips them of their camp. Liv. 2.31.2Equitātū inmissō mediam turbāverat hostium aciem, quam, dum sē cornua lātius pandunt, parum aptē īnstrūctīs intrōrsum ōrdinibus firmāverant;By sending in his cavalry he had thrown into confusion the enemy's centre, which, while the wings spread out too widely, they had not strengthened by placing ranks in depth with enough skill; Liv. 2.31.2turbātōs pedēs invāsit.his infantry fell upon them in their disorder. Liv. 2.31.2Eōdem impetū castra capta dēbellātumque est.In the same charge the camp was taken and the war finished. Liv. 2.31.3Post pugnam ad Rēgillum lacum nōn alia illīs annīs pugna clārior fuit.After the battle at Lake Regillus there was no more famous battle in those years. Liv. 2.31.3Dictātor triumphāns urbem invehitur.The dictator rides into the city in triumph.

Liv. 2.31.3Super solitōs honōrēs locus in circō ipsī posterīsque ad spectāculum datus, sella eō locō curūlis posita.Beyond the usual honours, a place in the Circus was given to him and his descendants for watching the games, and a curule chair was set in that place. Liv. 2.31.3Volscīs dēvictīs Veliternus ager adēmptus;With the Volsci defeated, the territory of Velitrae was taken from them; Liv. 2.31.4Velitrās colōnī ab urbe missī;colonists were sent to Velitrae from the city; Liv. 2.31.4et * colōnia dēducta.and a colony was founded. Liv. 2.31.4Cum Aequīs post aliquandō pugnātum est invītō quidem cōnsule, quia locō inīquō subeundum erat ad hostēs;Some time later there was fighting with the Aequi, against the consul's wishes indeed, because they had to approach the enemy over unfavourable ground; Liv. 2.31.5sed mīlitēs extrahī rem crīminantēs, ut dictātor, priusquam ipsī redīrent in urbem, magistrātū abīret, inrītaque, sīcut ante cōnsulis, prōmissa eius caderent, perpulēre, ut forte temerē in adversōs montēs agmen ērigeret.but the soldiers, complaining that the business was being dragged out so that the dictator should leave office before they themselves returned to the city, and his promises, like the consul's before, should fall to nothing, drove him to lead his column, at random and rashly, up the mountains facing them.

Liv. 2.31.6Id male commissum ignāviā hostium in bonum vertit, quī, priusquam ad coniectum tēlī venīrētur, obstupefactī audāciā Rōmānōrum relictīs castrīs, quae mūnītissimīs tenuerant locīs, in āversās vallēs dēsiluēre;This ill-advised move was turned to good by the cowardice of the enemy, who, before they came within a weapon's throw, stunned by the Romans' daring, abandoned the camp they had held in a very strongly fortified position and leapt down into the valleys behind them; Liv. 2.31.6ubi satis praedae et victōria incruenta fuit.there was plenty of booty there, and a bloodless victory. Liv. 2.31.7Ita trifāriam rē bellō bene gestā, dē domesticārum rērum ēventū nec patribus nec plēbī cūra dēcesserat;Though the war had thus been successfully waged on three fronts, neither the senators nor the plebs had lost their anxiety about the outcome of affairs at home; Liv. 2.31.7tantā cum grātiā tum arte praeparāverant faenerātōrēs, quae nōn modo plēbem, sed ipsum etiam dictātōrem frūstrārentur.with such influence, and such cunning too, had the moneylenders made their preparations, to thwart not only the plebs but even the dictator himself. Liv. 2.31.8Namque Valerius post Vetusī cōnsulis reditum omnium āctiōnum in senātū prīmam habuit prō victōre populō rettulitque, quid dē nexīs fierī placēret.For Valerius, after the return of the consul Vetusius, made it the first of all his business in the senate to act for the victorious people, and put the question what they wished to be done about the bondsmen.

Liv. 2.31.9Quae cum rēiecta relātiō esset, "nōn placeō" inquit "concordiae auctor;When the motion had been rejected, he said, 'I do not please you as a promoter of harmony; Liv. 2.31.9optābitis, mediusfidius, propediem, ut meī similēs Rōmāna plēbēs patrōnōs habeat.you will wish, by heaven, before long, that the Roman plebs had patrons like me. Liv. 2.31.9Quod ad mē attinet, neque frūstrābor ultrā cīvēs meōs neque ipse frūstrā dictātor erō.As far as I am concerned, I shall neither disappoint my fellow citizens any longer nor be dictator to no purpose myself. Liv. 2.31.10Discordiae intestīnae, bellum externum fēcēre, ut hōc magistrātū egēret rēs pūblica;Strife at home and war abroad made the state need this office; Liv. 2.31.10pāx forīs parta est, domī inpedītur;peace has been won abroad, at home it is being blocked; Liv. 2.31.10prīvātus potius quam dictātor sēditiōnī intererō."I shall take part in the sedition as a private citizen rather than as dictator.' Liv. 2.31.10Ita cūriā ēgressus dictātūrā sē abdicāvit.So, leaving the senate house, he resigned his dictatorship. Liv. 2.31.11Appāruit causa plēbī, suam vicem indignantem magistrātū abīsse: itaque velut persolūtā fidē, quoniam per eum nōn stetisset, quīn praestārētur, dēcēdentem domum cum favōre ac laudibus prōsecūtī sunt.It was plain to the plebs that he had left office out of indignation at their treatment: and so, as though he had kept his word in full, since it had not been his fault that it was not fulfilled, as he went home they escorted him with goodwill and praise.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×6, gerunds and gerundives ×1, purpose clauses ×4, indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (214 words)
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
longē, adv.far
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
bellum, -ī, n.war
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
fugō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusput to flight, rout
que, enclitic conj.and
exuō, -uere, -uī, -ūtusput or take off
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
equitātus, -ūs m.cavalry
immittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend or let in
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
cornū, -ūs, n.horn
lātēwidely
pandō, -ere, pandī, passumspread out (passīs manibus: with hands outstretched)
parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē)too little; minimē: least, not at all
aptē (adv.)fitly, suitably
īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild in or into; draw up; equip, furnish,
intrōrsum (intrōrsus) (adv.)inwards; inside, within
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
firmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstrengthen, secure
pēs, pedis, m.foot
invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo into, attack, seize; come upon
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
dēbellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight to the finish; subdue completely
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
lacus, -ūs, m.lake
nōn, adv.not
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
annus, -ī, m.year
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
triumphō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscelebrate a triumph; exult
urbs, urbis, f.city
invehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectuscarry in; (pass.) attack (in words): invehī in + acc., to inveigh against
super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.)over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning
solitus, -a, -umusual, customary, accustomed
honor, -ōris, m.honor
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
circus, -ī m.circle; racecourse, circus (Circus Maximus)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
posterī, -ōrum m. pl.descendants, posterity
spectāculum, -ī n.sight, spectacle, show
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
curūlis, -ecurule; sella curūlis: the folding ivory chair of the higher magistrates
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
dēvincō, -ere, -vīcī, -victusconquer completely, subdue
Veliternus, -a, -umof Velitrae
ager, agri, m.field, land
adimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake to oneself, take away
colōnus, -ī m.settler, colonist; farmer
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
colōnia, -ae f.settlement, colony
dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship
cum, prep, with abl.with
aliquandō, adv.at some time or other; finally, at length
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
invītus, -a, -umunwilling
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
quia (conj.)because
inīquus, -a, -umuneven; unfair
subeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear, endure
sed, conj.but
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
extrahō, -trahere, -trāxī, -trāctusdraw or drag out, release, rescue
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
crīminor, -ārī, -ātus sumaccuse, denounce, make charges against
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
priusquam, conj.before than, sooner than, before
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
irritus, -a, -uminvalid, of no effect; irritum facere: make void, cancel
sīcut (conj.)just as
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
prōmissum, -ī n.promise
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
perpellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive, push; prevail upon, induce
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
temerē, adv.rashly
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
mōns, montis, m.mountain
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
ērigō, -rigere, -rēxī, -rēctusraise or set up, raise, lift; cheer, encourage
male, adv.badly, ill
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
ignāvia, -ae f.laziness; cowardice
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
coniectus, -ūs m.throwing; range of a missile; intra teli coniectum: within range
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
obstupefaciō, -facere, -fēcī, -factusastound, stun
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
mūnītus, -a, -umfortified, defended, protected
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
āversus, -a, -umturned away, distant
vallis, -is, f.valley
dēsiliō, -silīre, -siluī, -sultusleap down
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
victōria, -ae, f.victory
incruentus, -a, -umbloodless, without bloodshed
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
trifāriam (adv.)in three parts, in three places
bene, adv.well; successfully
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
domesticus, -a, -umof one's own home, domestic
ēventus, -ūs m.outcome, result
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
pater, patris, m.father
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
dēcēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo away, depart
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
tum, adv.then, at that time
ars, artis, f.art
praeparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprepare beforehand
faenerātor, -ōris m.moneylender, usurer
modo, adv.only
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
frūstror, -ārī, -ātus sumdeceive, disappoint; tē ipsum frūstrāberis: you will cheat yourself
namque, conj.for
reditus, -ūs, m.return
omnis, -eall, every
āctiō, -ōnis f.doing, action; a public act or measure
senātus, -ūs m.senate
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
populus, -ī m.people, nation
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
nectō, -ere, nexuī, nexustie, bind; contrive (a plot)
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
rēiciō, -ere, rēiēcī, rēiectumthrow back, drive back
relātiō, -ōnis f.motion, proposal brought before the senate; report
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
concordia, -ae f.agreement, harmony
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
optō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswish for, desire; pray for
mediusfidius (adv.)so help me god, by heaven
propediem (adv.)very soon, in a few days
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
patrōnus, -ī m.patron, protector
attineō (adtineō), -ēre, -tinuī, -tentumhold fast; concern, matter (nihil attinet: it is no use, there is no point)
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
frūstrā, adv.in vain
discordia, -ae f.disagreement, discord, strife
intestīnus, -a, -uminternal, domestic, civil
externus, -a, -umoutside, foreign
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
egeō, -ēre, eguī (+ abl. or gen.)need, lack, be in want of
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
pāx, pācis f.peace
forīs, adv.out of doors, without
pariō, -ere, peperī, partusbring forth; win, gain
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
potius (adv.)rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
sēditiō, -ōnis f.riot, mutiny, discord
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrusbe or lie between
cūria, -ae f.senate house
ēgredior, -gredī, -gressusgo out or forth, go ashore, disembark
dictātūra, -ae f.dictatorship
abdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrenounce; sē abdicāre (+ abl.): resign (an office)
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
vicis (gen.), vicem f.change, turn; in vicem: in turn
indignor, -ārī, -ātus sumbe indignant, resent
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
veluteven or just as, as
persolvō, -solvere, -solvī, -solūtuspay completely, pay
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
quoniam, conj.since now, since
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
favor, -ōris m.goodwill, support, applause
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
prōsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow forward, follow
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.