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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.30

Valerius made dictator; Volscian victory

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Liv. 2.30.1Multīs, ut erat, horrida et atrōx vidēbātur Appī sententia;To many, as indeed it was, Appius' proposal seemed harsh and savage; Liv. 2.30.1rūrsus Verginī Larcīque exemplō haud salūbrēs, utique Larcī putābant esse eam, quae tōtam fidem tolleret.on the other hand they thought that the course of Verginius and Larcius set a precedent that was far from healthy, especially that of Larcius, since it would destroy all credit. Liv. 2.30.1Medium maximē et moderātum utrōque cōnsilium Verginī habēbātur;Verginius' plan was held to be the most moderate, a middle way between the two; Liv. 2.30.2sed factiōne respectūque rērum prīvātārum, quae semper offēcēre officientque pūblicīs cōnsiliīs, Appius vīcit, ac prope fuit, ut dictātor ille īdem creārētur;but through faction and regard for private interests, which always have obstructed and always will obstruct public counsels, Appius won, and it came close to his being made dictator himself; Liv. 2.30.3quae rēs utique aliēnāsset plēbem perīculōsissimō tempore, cum Volscī Aequīque et Sabīnī forte ūnā omnēs in armīs essent.and that would certainly have estranged the plebs at a most dangerous moment, when the Volsci, the Aequi and the Sabines happened all to be in arms together.

Liv. 2.30.4Sed cūrae fuit cōnsulibus et seniōribus patrum, ut imperiō suō vehemēns magistrātus mānsuētō permitterētur ingeniō.But the consuls and the elders of the senate took care that a power vehement in itself should be entrusted to a gentle character. Liv. 2.30.4M." Valerium dictātōrem Volesī fīlium creant.They make Manius Valerius, son of Volesus, dictator. Liv. 2.30.5Plēbēs etsī adversus sē creātum dictātōrem vidēbat, tamen, cum prōvocātiōnem frātris lēge habēret, nihil ex eā familiā trīste nec superbum timēbat.Although the plebs saw that a dictator had been created against them, yet, since they held the right of appeal by his brother's law, they feared nothing harsh or arrogant from that family. Liv. 2.30.6Ēdictum deinde ā dictātōre prōpositum cōnfirmāvit animōs Servīlī ferē cōnsulis ēdictō conveniēns;Then an edict published by the dictator, which agreed almost exactly with the edict of the consul Servilius, strengthened their spirits; Liv. 2.30.6sed et hominī et potestātī melius ratī crēdī omissō certāmine nōmina dedēre.but thinking it better to trust both the man and the office, they dropped the struggle and gave in their names. Liv. 2.30.6Quantus nunquam ante exercitus, legiōnēs decem effectae;An army such as there had never been before, ten legions, was raised; Liv. 2.30.7ternae inde datae cōnsulibus, quattuor dictātor ūsus.three of them were then given to each consul, and the dictator used four.

Liv. 2.30.7Nec iam poterat bellum differrī.Nor could the war be put off any longer. Liv. 2.30.8Aequī Latīnum agrum invāserant.The Aequi had invaded Latin territory. Liv. 2.30.8Ōrātōrēs Latīnōrum ab senātū petēbant, ut aut mitterent subsidium aut sē ipsōs tuendōrum fīnium causā capere arma sinerent.Envoys of the Latins asked the senate either to send help or to allow them to take up arms themselves to defend their borders. Liv. 2.30.9Tūtius vīsum est dēfendī inermēs Latīnōs quam patī retractāre arma.It seemed safer that the Latins should be defended unarmed than that they should be allowed to handle arms again. Liv. 2.30.9Vetusius cōnsul missus est.The consul Vetusius was sent. Liv. 2.30.9Is fīnis populātiōnibus fuit.That put an end to the raiding. Liv. 2.30.9Cessēre Aequī campīs locōque magis quam armīs frētī summīs sē iugīs montium tūtābantur.The Aequi withdrew from the plains and, trusting more to position than to arms, protected themselves on the highest ridges of the mountains. Liv. 2.30.10Alter cōnsul in Volscōs profectus, nē et ipse tereret tempus, vāstandīs maximē agrīs hostem ad cōnferenda propius castra dīmicandumque aciē excīvit.The other consul, setting out against the Volsci, so as not to waste time himself either, provoked the enemy, chiefly by laying waste their fields, to pitch their camp nearer and fight a pitched battle.

Liv. 2.30.11Mediō inter castra campō ante suum quisque vallum īnfestīs signīs cōnstitēre.On the plain midway between the camps each side drew up in front of its own rampart with standards levelled. Liv. 2.30.11Multitūdine aliquantum Volscī superābant;The Volsci were somewhat superior in numbers; Liv. 2.30.11itaque effūsī et contemptim pugnam iniēre.and so they entered the battle in loose order and contemptuously. Liv. 2.30.11Cōnsul Rōmānus nec prōmōvit aciem, nec clamōrem reddī passus dēfīxīs pīlīs stāre suōs iussit: ubi ad manum vēnisset hostis, tum coortōs tōtā vī gladiīs rem gerere.The Roman consul neither advanced his line nor allowed the shout to be returned, but ordered his men to stand with their javelins planted in the ground: when the enemy had come to close quarters, then they were to rise up and fight it out with their swords with all their strength. Liv. 2.30.13Volscī cursū et clamōre fessī cum sē velut stupentibus metū intulissent Rōmānīs, postquam inpressiōnem sēnsēre ex adversō factam et ante oculōs micāre gladiōs, haud secus, quam sī in īnsidiās incidissent, turbātī vertunt terga;When the Volsci, tired from running and shouting, had flung themselves on the Romans as if these were numb with fear, and then felt the pressure brought against them from the front and saw swords flashing before their eyes, they were thrown into confusion just as if they had fallen into an ambush, and turned their backs; Liv. 2.30.13et nē ad fugam quidem satis vīrium fuit, quia cursū in proelium ierant.and they had not even enough strength for flight, because they had gone into battle at a run.

Liv. 2.30.14Rōmānī contrā, quia prīncipiō pugnae quiētī steterant, vigentēs corporibus, facile adeptī fessōs et castra impetū cēpērunt et castrīs exūtum hostem Velitrās persecūtī ūnō agmine victōrēs cum victīs in urbem inrūpēre;The Romans, on the contrary, because they had stood still at the start of the fight, were fresh in body, easily overtook the tired men, took their camp by storm and, pursuing the enemy, stripped of his camp, to Velitrae, burst into the city in one column, victors together with vanquished; Liv. 2.30.15plusque ibi sanguinis prōmiscuā omnium generum caede quam in ipsā dīmicātiōne factum.and more blood was shed there in an indiscriminate slaughter of all kinds than in the battle itself. Liv. 2.30.15Paucīs datā venia, quī inermēs in dēditiōnem vēnērunt.Quarter was given to a few, who came unarmed to surrender.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, purpose clauses ×2, ablative absolute ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (234 words)
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
horridus, -a, -umrough, wild, frightening
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
rūrsus, adv.again
que, enclitic conj.and
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
salūber (salūbris), -bris, -brehealthy, wholesome, beneficial
utique (adv.)certainly, by all means; yes indeed
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
moderātus, -a, -umrestrained, moderate; (as noun) restraint
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
sed, conj.but
factiō, -ōnis f.party, faction
respectus, -ūs m.regard, consideration; looking back; refuge
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
semper, adv.always
officiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectusget in the way of, hinder, obstruct (+ dat.)
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
aliēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake another's; estrange; (of the mind) unsettle
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
perīculōsus, -a, -umdangerous
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
ūnātogether, along
omnis, -eall, every
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
senior, -ōris m.elder; seniores: the elders (of the people)
pater, patris, m.father
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
vehemēns, -entisviolent, forceful, severe
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
mānsuētus, -a, -umtame; gentle, mild
permittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumallow, permit; entrust
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
fīlius, -ī, m.son
etsī, conj.even if, although
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
prōvocātiō, -ōnis f.appeal (to the people against a magistrate's sentence)
frāter, frātris, m.brother
lēx, lēgis f.law
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
familia, -ae f.household (incl. slaves and dependents)
trīstis, -esad, gloomy
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
superbus, -a, -umproud, arrogant, haughty
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
ēdictum, -ī n.proclamation, edict (of a magistrate)
deinde, adv.then, next
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
prōpōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput or set before, offer, propose; set forth, say
cōnfirmō, -firmāre, -firmāvī, -firmātusstrengthen, establish; declare, assert
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
homō, hominis, m.man
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
bene, adv.well; successfully
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
omittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missuslet go, neglect, disregard, throw away, lose
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
numquam, adv.never
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
decem, indecl. adj.ten
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
ternī, -ae, -athree each, three at a time
inde (adv.)from there; then
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
iam, adv.now, already
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
bellum, -ī, n.war
differō, differre, distulī, dīlātumdiffer; scatter, put off
Latīnus, -a, -umLatin
ager, agri, m.field, land
invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo into, attack, seize; come upon
ōrātor, -ōris m.speaker; envoy
senātus, -ūs m.senate
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
subsidium, -ī, n.reserve, reinforcement, support, help
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
tueor, -ērī, tuitus sumwatch over, protect, defend
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
inermis, -eunarmed
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
retractō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushandle again, touch again
populātiō, -ōnis f.plundering, ravaging
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
frētus, -a, -um (+ abl.)relying on
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
iugum, -ī, n.yoke
mōns, montis, m.mountain
tūtor, -ārī, -ātus sumprotect, guard
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
terō, -ere, trīvī, trītusrub, wear away; tempus terere: waste time
vāstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslay waste
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
dīmicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
exciō, -īre, -cīvī, -citusrouse, stir up; summon
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
vallum, -ī n.rampart, palisade
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusstation oneself, take one's stand; consist
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
aliquantum, -quantī, n.somewhat
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
effundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour out
contemptim (adv.)contemptuously, scornfully
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
prōmoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtummove forward
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
dēfīgō, -ere, -fīxī, -fīxusdrive in, fix firmly
pīlum, -ī n.javelin (the Roman heavy spear)
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
manus, -ūs, f.hand
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
tum, adv.then, at that time
coorior, -orīrī, -ortusarise
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
gladius, -ī, m.sword
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
cursus, -ūs, m.running, speed; course, route, voyage; race
fessus, -a, -umexhausted, worn out, weary
veluteven or just as, as
stupeō, -ēre, -uībe stunned, astounded, or amazed
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
impressiō, -ōnis f.an attack, inroad, charge
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
oculus, -ī, m.eye
micō, -āre, -uīflash, glitter
secus (prep. + acc.)beside, along
sī, conj.if
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
incidō, -cidere, -cidīfall into or upon
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
tergum, -ī, n.back
fuga, -ae, f.flight
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
quia (conj.)because
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
prīncipium, -ī n.beginning; prīncipiō, in the first place
quiētus, -a, -umquiet, at peace, calm
vigeō, -ēre, -uībe strong, thrive, flourish
corpus, corporis, n.body
facile, adv.easily
adipīscor, -ī, adeptus sumobtain, win, gain
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
exuō, -uere, -uī, -ūtusput or take off
persequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, pursue
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
cum, prep, with abl.with
urbs, urbis, f.city
inrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusburst into or in
plūs (adv.)more
ibi, adv.in that place, there
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
prōmiscuus, -a, -ummixed, indiscriminate, held in common
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
dīmicātiō, -ōnis f.fight, struggle, combat
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
venia, -ae f.pardon, forgiveness
dēditiō, -ōnis f.surrender
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.