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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.29

The senate debates the debt crisis

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Liv. 2.29.1Utrāque rē satis expertā tum dēmum cōnsulēs: "nē praedictum negētis, patrēs cōnscrīptī, adest ingēns sēditiō.Having tried both courses well enough, the consuls then at last said: 'So that you may not say you were not warned, conscript fathers, a great sedition is upon us. Liv. 2.29.1Postulāmus, ut iī, quī maximē ignāviam increpant, adsint nōbīs habentibus dīlēctum.We demand that those who most loudly denounce our cowardice should stand by us as we hold the levy. Liv. 2.29.1Ācerrimī cuiusque arbitriō, quandō ita placet, rem agēmus."Since that is your wish, we shall act at the discretion of the fiercest among you.' Liv. 2.29.1Redeunt in tribūnal;They return to the tribunal; Liv. 2.29.2citārī nōminātim ūnum ex iīs, quī in cōnspectū erant, dēditā operā iubent.they deliberately order one of those in full view to be called by name. Liv. 2.29.2Cum stāret tacitus et circā eum aliquot hominum, nē forte violārētur, cōnstitisset globus, līctōrem ad eum cōnsulēs mittunt.When he stood silent, and a knot of men had gathered round him to prevent his being harmed, the consuls send a lictor to him. Liv. 2.29.3Quō repulsō tum vērō indignum facinus esse clāmitantēs, quī patrum cōnsulibus aderant, dēvolant dē tribūnālī, ut līctōrī auxiliō essent.When the lictor was driven off, then indeed those of the senators who were attending the consuls, crying out that it was an outrage, rush down from the tribunal to help the lictor.

Liv. 2.29.4Sed ab līctōre nihil aliud quam prēndere prohibitō cum conversus in patrēs impetus esset, cōnsulum intercursū rixa sēdāta est, in quā tamen sine lapide, sine tēlō plūs clamōris atque īrārum quam iniūriae fuerat.But when the attack had turned from the lictor, who had been prevented only from making the arrest, upon the senators, the brawl was settled by the consuls' intervention; in it, however, without stone or weapon, there had been more shouting and anger than injury. Liv. 2.29.5Senātus tumultuōsē vocātus tumultuōsius cōnsulitur quaestiōnem postulantibus iīs, quī pulsātī fuerant, dēcernente ferōcissimō quōque nōn sententiīs magis quam clamōre et strepitū.The senate, summoned in tumult, is consulted in still greater tumult, those who had been struck demanding an inquiry and all the fiercest voting not so much by speeches as by shouting and din. Liv. 2.29.6Tandem cum īrae resēdissent, exprobrantibus cōnsulibus nihilō plūs sānitātis in cūriā quam in forō esse, ōrdine cōnsulī coepit.At length, when tempers had subsided and the consuls had reproached them that there was no more sanity in the senate-house than in the forum, the debate began to proceed in order.

Liv. 2.29.7Trēs fuēre sententiae.There were three proposals. Liv. 2.29.7P. Verginius rem nōn vulgābat;Publius Verginius did not extend the matter to all; Liv. 2.29.7dē iīs tantum, quī fidem secūtī P. Servīlī cōnsulis Volscō, Auruncō Sabīnōque mīlitāssent bellō, agendum cēnsēbat.he proposed that action should be taken only about those who, trusting the pledge of the consul Publius Servilius, had served in the Volscian, Auruncan and Sabine wars. Liv. 2.29.7T. Larcius nōn id tempus esse, ut merita tantummodo exsolverentur;Titus Larcius said it was not the time for merely repaying services; Liv. 2.29.8tōtam plēbem aere aliēnō dēmersam esse, nec sistī posse, nī omnibus cōnsulātur;the whole plebs was sunk in debt, and the trouble could not be checked unless all were provided for; Liv. 2.29.8quīn, sī alia aliōrum sit condiciō, accendī magis discordiam quam sēdārī.indeed, if some were in one condition and others in another, discord would be inflamed rather than calmed. Liv. 2.29.9Ap. Claudius, et nātūrā inmītis et efferātus hinc plēbis odiō, illinc patrum laudibus, nōn miseriīs ait, sed licentiā tantum concitum turbārum, et lascīvīre magis plēbem quam saevīre.Appius Claudius, harsh by nature and made savage besides by the plebs' hatred on the one side and the senators' praises on the other, said that such turmoil had been stirred up not by misery but by licence, and that the plebs were running riot rather than raging.

Liv. 2.29.10Id adeō malum ex prōvocātiōne nātum;This evil had sprung precisely from the right of appeal; Liv. 2.29.10quippe minās esse cōnsulum, nōn imperium, ubi ad eōs, quī ūnā peccāverint, prōvocāre liceat.for consuls had threats, not authority, when it was permitted to appeal to those who had shared in the offence. Liv. 2.29.11"Agedum" inquit "dictātōrem, ā quō prōvocātiō nōn est, creēmus, iam hic, quō nunc omnia ārdent, conticīscet furor.'Come,' he said, 'let us appoint a dictator, from whom there is no appeal; this frenzy with which everything is now ablaze will at once fall silent. Liv. 2.29.12Pulset tum mihi līctōrem, quī sciet iūs dē tergō vītāque suā penes ūnum illum esse, cuius maiestātem violārit."Let me see anyone strike a lictor then, when he knows that the right over his back and his life lies with that one man whose majesty he has violated.'

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×5, purpose clauses ×2, indirect statement ×4, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (185 words)
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
experior, -īrī, expertus sumtry, test, experience
tum, adv.then, at that time
dēmum, adv.at last
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
praedīcō, -dīcere, -dīxī, -dictussay beforehand, foretell, predict
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
pater, patris, m.father
cōnscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptumenlist, enroll
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
sēditiō, -ōnis f.riot, mutiny, discord
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
ignāvia, -ae f.laziness; cowardice
increpō, -āre, -uī, -itusmake a noise, rattle; rebuke
nōsplur. of ego
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
dīlēctus, -ūs m.levy, recruitment of soldiers; dīlēctum habēre: hold a levy
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
arbitrium, -ī n.judgment, will, pleasure
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
tribūnal, -ālis n.platform, tribunal (where a magistrate sat to judge)
citō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset in motion, urge on; citātus: swift, rushing
nōminātim (adv.)by name, one by one
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
cōnspectus, -ūs, m.sight
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive away or up
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
tacitus, -a, -umsilent
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
circā (adv. and prep. + acc.)around, about
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
homō, hominis, m.man
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
violō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusharm, violate
cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusstation oneself, take one's stand; consist
globus, -ī m.ball; band, group of people
līctor, -ōris m.lictor, an attendant carrying the rods (fascēs) before a magistrate
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
repellō, repellere, reppulī, repulsusdrive back or away, repulse, repel
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
indignus, -a, -umunworthy; shameful
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
clāmitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall out
dēvolō, -āre, -āvīfly down
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
sed, conj.but
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
prēndō, -ere, prēndī, prēnsumgrasp, take hold of
prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold back, prevent, hinder
convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
intercursus, -ūs m.intervention, running in between
rixa, -ae f.brawl, quarrel
sēdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussettle, calm, put down
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
sine, prep. with abl.without
lapis, -idis, m.stone
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
plūs (adv.)more
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
senātus, -ūs m.senate
tumultuōsē (adv.)noisily, in confusion
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
quaestiō, -ōnis f.inquiry, examination
pulsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspush or strike against, knock, knock at
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
nōn, adv.not
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
strepitus, -ūs m.noise, din
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
resīdō, -sīdere, -sēdīsettle down, subside
exprobrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreproach, rebuke, blame (someone) for
nihilō (adv.)by nothing; nihilō minus: none the less, nevertheless
sānitās, -tātis, f.soundness; right reason, sanity
cūria, -ae f.senate house
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
vulgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake common, spread abroad; (corpus) prostitute
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
Volscus, -a, -umVolscian; (pl.) the Volsci, a people of southern Latium
Auruncus, -a, -umAuruncan, of the Aurunci (an ancient people of Latium)
Sabīnus, -a, -umSabine
que, enclitic conj.and
mīlitō, -āre, -āvīserve as a soldier
bellum, -ī, n.war
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
meritum, -ī n.service, desert
tantummodo (adv.)only, just
exsolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusset free, release
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
aes, aeris, n.copper, bronze
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
dēmergō, -ere, -mersī, -mersussink, plunge down
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
sistō, -ere, stitī, statusstop, halt; set up
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
nī (conj.)if not, unless (= nisi)
omnis, -eall, every
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
sī, conj.if
condiciō, -ōnis f.terms; condition, status
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
discordia, -ae f.disagreement, discord, strife
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
immītis, -eharsh, pitiless
efferō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake wild, make savage; (pass.) grow wild
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
odium, -ī, n.hatred
illinc, adv.from there, on that side
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
miseria, -ae f.misery, distress, suffering
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
licentia, -ae f.freedom; lack of restraint, lawlessness
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
concieō, -ēre, -cīvī, -citusbring together, gather; stir up
turba, -ae f.crowd
lascīviō, -īre, -iī, -ītusfrolic, run riot, be unruly; behave wantonly
saeviō, -īre, -iī, -ītumrage
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
prōvocātiō, -ōnis f.appeal (to the people against a magistrate's sentence)
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
quippe (adv.)of course, indeed, for
minae, -ārum, f. plur.threats
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
ūnātogether, along
peccō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdo wrong
prōvocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātuscall forth or out, challenge
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
agedum (interj.)come now!, come on!
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
iam, adv.now, already
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
nunc, adv.now
ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsusbe on fire, burn
conticēscō (conticīscō), -ere, -ticuīfall silent, become still
furor, -ōris, m.rage, fury, frenzy, madness
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
tergum, -ī, n.back
vīta, -ae, f.life
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
penes (prep. + acc.)in the hands of, in the power of
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
maiestās, -ātis f.greatness, dignity, majesty
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.