LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Livy › History of Rome, Book 2 › Ab Urbe Condita 2.3

Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.3

Envoys of the Tarquins plot

English onlyRead it word by word

Liv. 2.3.1Cum haud cuiquam in dubiō esset bellum ab Tarquiniīs inminēre, id quidem spē omnium sērius fuit;Though no one doubted that war from the Tarquins was hanging over them, it came later than everyone expected; Liv. 2.3.1cēterum, id quod nōn timēbant, per dolum ac prōditiōnem prope lībertās āmissa est.but liberty was almost lost through treachery and betrayal, a thing they did not fear. Liv. 2.3.1Erant in Rōmānā iuventūte adulēscentēs aliquot, nec iī tenuī locō ortī, quōrum in regnō libīdō solūtior fuerat, aequālēs sodālēsque adulēscentium Tarquiniōrum, adsuētī mōre rēgiō vīvere.There were among the Roman youth several young men, and of no humble birth, whose pleasures had been less restrained under the monarchy, companions in age and friends of the young Tarquins, accustomed to living in royal style. Liv. 2.3.3Eam tum aequātō iūre omnium licentiam quaerentēs lībertātem aliōrum in suam vertisse servitūtem inter sē conquerēbantur: rēgem hominem esse, ā quō inpetrēs, ubi iūs, ubi iniūria opus sit;Missing that licence now that rights were equal for all, they complained among themselves that the liberty of others had turned into slavery for themselves: a king was a man, from whom you could obtain what you needed, whether it was right or wrong; Liv. 2.3.3esse grātiae locum, esse beneficiō, et īrāscī et ignōscere posse, inter amīcum atque inimīcum discrīmen nōsse;there was room for favour and for kindness; he could be angry and could pardon, and knew the difference between friend and enemy; Liv. 2.3.4lēgēs rem surdam, inexōrābilem esse, salūbriōrem meliōremque inopī quam potentī, nihil laxāmentī nec veniae habēre, sī modum excesseris;the laws were a deaf thing, inexorable, more wholesome and better for the poor than for the powerful, with no leniency or pardon if you overstepped the mark; Liv. 2.3.4perīculōsum esse in tot hūmānīs errōribus sōlā innocentiā vīvere.it was dangerous, amid so many human failings, to live by innocence alone.

Liv. 2.3.5Ita iam suā sponte aegrīs animīs lēgātī ab rēgibus superveniunt sine mentiōne reditūs bona tantum repetentēs.While their minds were already unsettled of their own accord, envoys from the royal family arrive, saying nothing of a return and asking back only their property. Liv. 2.3.5Eōrum verba postquam in senātū audīta sunt, per aliquot diēs ea cōnsultātiō tenuit, nē nōn reddita bellī causa, reddita bellī māteria et adiūmentum essent.After their words had been heard in the senate, the debate went on for several days, for fear that the property, if not returned, would be a cause for war, and if returned, the means and support for war. Liv. 2.3.6Interim lēgātī alia mōlīrī, apertē bona repetentēs clam recuperandī regnī cōnsilia struere et tamquam ad id, quod agī vidēbātur, ambientēs nōbilium adulēscentium animōs pertemptant.Meanwhile the envoys were scheming other things: openly asking back the property, they secretly laid plans for recovering the kingdom, and, as if canvassing for what seemed to be the business in hand, they sound out the feelings of the young nobles. Liv. 2.3.7Ā quibus placidē ōrātiō accepta est, iīs litterās ab Tarquiniīs reddunt et dē accipiendīs clam nocte in urbem rēgibus conloquuntur.To those who received their proposal favourably they deliver letters from the Tarquins and discuss admitting the royal family secretly into the city by night.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (140 words)
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
dubium, -ī n.doubt; sine dubiō: without doubt
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
bellum, -ī, n.war
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
immineō, -ērehang over; threaten, be close at hand
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
spēs, speī, f.hope
omnis, -eall, every
sērō (adv.)late, in the evening; too late
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nōn, adv.not
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
dolus, -ī, m.trick, craft
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
prōditiō, -ōnis f.treachery, betrayal
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
iuventūs, -ūtis f.youth; the young men
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
tenuis, -ethin
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
orior, -īrī, -tusarise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn
regnum, -ī, n.royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
solūtus, -a, -umloose, free; lax, easygoing
aequālis, -eequal; of the same age
sodālis, -is m.companion, crony
que, enclitic conj.and
assuēscō, -ere, -suēvī, -suētusbecome accustomed, get used to
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
rēgius, -a, -umroyal, kingly
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
tum, adv.then, at that time
aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake equal
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
licentia, -ae f.freedom; lack of restraint, lawlessness
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
servitūs, -tūtis, f.slavery, servitude
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
conqueror, -querī, -questus sumcomplain bitterly of, lament
rēx, rēgis, m.king
homō, hominis, m.man
impetrō, -petrāre, -petrāvī, -petrātusgain one's end, obtain (a request)
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
opus, operis, n.work, task
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
beneficium, -ī, n.well-doing, kindness, service, benefit
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātusbe angry
ignōscō, -ere, ignōvī, ignōtum (+ dat.)pardon, forgive
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
inimīcus, -a, -umunfriendly, hostile
discrīmen, -crīminis, n.crisis, peril, danger
nōscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtumget to know (perf. nōvī: know)
lēx, lēgis f.law
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
surdus, -a, -umdeaf
inexōrābilis, -erelentless, not to be moved by entreaty
salūbris, -ehealthy, wholesome
bonus, -a, -umgood
inops, -opispoor, needy
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
potēns, -entispowerful
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
laxāmentum, -ī n.relaxation, respite, a breathing space
venia, -ae f.pardon, forgiveness
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
sī, conj.if
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo out or forth, depart
perīculōsus, -a, -umdangerous
tot (indecl.)so many
hūmānus, -a, -umof man, human
error, -ōris m.wandering; mistake, error
sōlus, -a, -umalone
innocentia, -ae f.blamelessness, integrity
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
iam, adv.now, already
sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by meā, tuā, suāof one's own accord, voluntarily
aeger, -gra, -grumsick, ill; as noun, a sick man
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
superveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumcome up, arrive
sine, prep. with abl.without
mentiō, -ōnis, f.mention
reditus, -ūs, m.return
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
verbum, -ī, n.word
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
senātus, -ūs m.senate
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
cōnsultātiō, -ōnis f.consultation, deliberation
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
māteria, -ae f.timber, material
adiūmentum, -ī n.help, aid, support
interim (adv.)meanwhile
mōlior, -īrī, -ītus sumwork at, contrive, plot
apertē (adv.)openly, plainly
clam (adv.)secretly
recuperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrecover
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
struō, -ere, strūxī, strūctusbuild, construct; arrange
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
ambiō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo round; approach, court, win over
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
pertemptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtest thoroughly; thrill, pervade
placidē (adv.)quietly, calmly
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
nox, noctis, f.night
urbs, urbis, f.city
colloquor (conloquor), -ī, -locūtus sumtalk with, confer
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.