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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.2

Collatinus is forced into exile

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Liv. 2.2.1Rērum deinde dīvīnārum habita cūra;Next attention was paid to religious matters; Liv. 2.2.1et quia quaedam pūblica sacra per ipsōs rēgēs factitāta erant, nēcubi rēgum dēsīderium esset, rēgem sacrificulum creant.and because certain public rites had regularly been performed by the kings in person, they appoint a king of sacrifices, so that the kings should not be missed anywhere. Liv. 2.2.2Id sacerdōtium pontificī subiēcēre, nē additus nōminī honōs aliquid lībertātī, cuius tunc prīma erat cūra, officeret.They made this priesthood subordinate to the pontiff, lest the honour added to the title should in any way stand in the way of liberty, which was then their first concern. Liv. 2.2.3Ac nesciō an nimis undique eam minimīsque rēbus mūniendō modum excesserint.And I am not sure whether, by fortifying it on every side and in the smallest matters, they did not go too far. Liv. 2.2.3Cōnsulis enim alterīus, cum nihil aliud offenderet, nōmen invīsum cīvitātī fuit: nimium Tarquiniōs regnō adsuēsse;For the name of one of the consuls, though nothing else about him gave offence, was hateful to the citizens: the Tarquins, they said, had grown too used to kingship; Liv. 2.2.3initium ā Prīscō factum;the beginning had been made by Priscus; Liv. 2.2.3regnāsse Dein Ser. Tullium;then Servius Tullius had reigned; Liv. 2.2.3nē intervallō quidem factō oblītum, tamquam aliēnī, regnī Superbum Tarquinium velut hērēditātem gentis scelere ac vī repetīsse;Tarquin the Proud, not even forgetting the kingship during the interval, as though it belonged to another, had sought it back by crime and violence as the inheritance of his family; Liv. 2.2.3pulsō Superbō penes Collātīnum imperium esse;now that Superbus had been driven out, the power lay in the hands of Collatinus; Liv. 2.2.3nescīre Tarquiniōs prīvātōs vīvere.the Tarquins did not know how to live as private citizens.

Liv. 2.2.3Nōn placēre nōmen, perīculōsum lībertātī esse.The name did not please them; it was dangerous to liberty. Liv. 2.2.4Hic prīmō sēnsim temptantium animōs sermō per tōtam cīvitātem est datus, sollicitamque suspīciōne plēbem Brūtus ad contiōnem vocat.This talk, from men gradually sounding out feelings, spread at first through the whole city, and Brutus calls the commons, troubled by suspicion, to an assembly. Liv. 2.2.5Ibi omnium prīmum iūs iūrandum populī recitat nēminem regnāre passūrōs nec esse Rōmae, unde perīculum lībertātī foret.There, first of all, he reads out the people's oath that they would allow no one to be king nor anyone to remain at Rome from whom danger to liberty might come. Liv. 2.2.5Id summā ope tuendum esse neque ūllam rem, quae eō pertineat, contemnendam.This, he said, must be guarded with all their might, and nothing that bore on it should be disregarded. Liv. 2.2.5Invītum sē dīcere hominis causā nec dictūrum fuisse, nī cāritās reī pūblicae vinceret: nōn crēdere populum Rōmānum solidam lībertātem reciperātam esse;He spoke unwillingly, for the man's sake, and would not have spoken had not love of the state prevailed: he did not believe that the Roman people had recovered full liberty; Liv. 2.2.6rēgium genus, rēgium nōmen nōn sōlum in cīvitāte, sed etiam in imperiō esse;the royal family, the royal name was still not only in the citizen body but even in power; Liv. 2.2.6id officere, id obstāre lībertātī.that was a hindrance, that was an obstacle to liberty.

Liv. 2.2.7"Hunc tū" inquit "tuā voluntāte, L. Tarquinī, removē metum.'Do you yourself, Lucius Tarquinius,' he said, 'remove this fear of your own free will. Liv. 2.2.7Meminimus, fatēmur, ēiēcistī rēgēs;We remember, we acknowledge it, you drove out the kings; Liv. 2.2.7absolve beneficium tuum, aufer hinc rēgum nōmen.complete your service, take away from here the very name of the kings. Liv. 2.2.7Rēs tuās tibi nōn sōlum reddent cīvēs tuī auctōre mē, sed, sī quid dēest, mūnificē augēbunt.Your fellow citizens, on my proposal, will not only give you back your property but, if anything is lacking, will generously add to it. Liv. 2.2.7Amīcus abī;Go as a friend; Liv. 2.2.7exonerā cīvitātem vānō forsitan metū: ita persuāsum est animīs, cum gente Tarquiniā regnum hinc abitūrum."relieve the state of a fear that is perhaps groundless: people are so convinced that only with the Tarquin family will kingship depart from here.' Liv. 2.2.8Cōnsulī prīmō tam novae reī ac subitae admīrātiō inclūserat vōcem;At first astonishment at so strange and sudden a thing had shut off the consul's voice; Liv. 2.2.8dīcere deinde incipientem prīmōrēs cīvitātis circumsistunt, eadem multīs precibus ōrant.then, as he began to speak, the leading men of the state stand round him and urge the same thing with many entreaties.

Liv. 2.2.8Et cēterī quidem movēbant minus;And the others, indeed, had less effect; Liv. 2.2.9postquam Sp. Lucrētius, maior aetāte ac dignitāte, socer praetereā ipsīus, agere variē rogandō alternīs suādendōque coepit, ut vincī sē cōnsēnsū cīvitātis paterētur, timēns cōnsul, nē postmodum prīvātō sibi eadem illa cum bonōrum āmissiōne additāque aliā īnsuper ignōminiā acciderent, abdicāvit sē cōnsulātū rēbusque suīs omnibus Lāvīnium trānslātīs cīvitāte cessit.but when Spurius Lucretius, his superior in age and rank, and his own father-in-law besides, began to work on him in various ways, now begging, now persuading, to let himself be overcome by the agreement of the state, the consul, fearing that later, when he was a private citizen, the same fate might befall him along with the loss of his property and some further disgrace besides, resigned his consulship and, having moved all his possessions to Lavinium, left the state. Liv. 2.2.11Brūtus ex senātūs cōnsultō ad populum tulit, ut omnēs Tarquiniae gentis exulēs essent.Brutus, by decree of the senate, proposed to the people that all members of the Tarquin family should be exiles. Liv. 2.2.11Collēgam sibi comitiīs centuriātīs creāvit P. Valerium, quō adiūtōre rēgēs ēiēcerat.In the centuriate assembly he had Publius Valerius elected as his colleague, with whose help he had driven out the kings.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×6, ablative absolute ×4, indirect statement ×4, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (215 words)
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
deinde, adv.then, next
dīvīnus, -a, -umdivine, of the gods
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quia (conj.)because
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
sacrum, -ī n.sacred object or rite; sacra: rites, worship
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
rēx, rēgis, m.king
factitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdo often, make a practice of
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
nēcubi (conj.)so that nowhere, lest anywhere
dēsīderium, -ī, n.desire, longing
sacrificulus, -ī m.sacrificing priest; rēx sacrificulus: the king of sacrifices
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
sacerdōtium, -ī n.priesthood
pontifex, -icis m.priest, pontiff (pontifex maximus: chief priest of Rome)
subiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow or place under
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
honor, -ōris, m.honor
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
tunc (adv.)then, at that time
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
officiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectusget in the way of, hinder, obstruct (+ dat.)
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
an, conj.or (in questions)
nimis (adv.)too much, too
undique, adv.from or on all sides
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
que, enclitic conj.and
mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfortify
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo out or forth, depart
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
enim, conj.for
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
offendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusoffend
invīsus, -a, -umhated, hateful (to: dat.)
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
nimium (adv.)too, too much
regnum, -ī, n.royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm
assuēscō, -ere, -suēvī, -suētusbecome accustomed, get used to
initium, -ī, n.beginning
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
prīscus, -a, -umancient, of olden times; Prīscī Latīnī: the Old Latins
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
regnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreign, rule
intervallum, -ī, n.interval, space, distance
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
oblīvīscor, -līvīscī, -lītusforget
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
superbus, -a, -umproud, arrogant, haughty
veluteven or just as, as
hērēditās, -ātis f.inheritance
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
penes (prep. + acc.)in the hands of, in the power of
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
nōn, adv.not
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
perīculōsus, -a, -umdangerous
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
prīmō, adv.at first
sēnsim, adv.gradually, little by little
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry, attempt
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
sollicitus, -a, -umtroubled, anxious
suspīciō, -ōnis, f.suspicion
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
ibi, adv.in that place, there
omnis, -eall, every
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
iūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusswear; iūs iūrandum, oath
populus, -ī m.people, nation
recitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusread aloud
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
unde, adv.whence
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
tueor, -ērī, tuitus sumwatch over, protect, defend
ūllus, -a, -umany
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
pertineō, -ēre, -uīextend, reach; tend toward, concern
contemnō, -ere, -tempsī, -temptusdespise, scorn, think little of
invītus, -a, -umunwilling
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
homō, hominis, m.man
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
nī (conj.)if not, unless (= nisi)
cāritās, -ātis f.dearness; love, affection
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
solidus, -a, -umwhole, complete, solid
reciperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusget back, recover
rēgius, -a, -umroyal, kingly
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
sed, conj.but
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
obstō, -stāre, -stitīstand in the way, block, oppose (+ dat.)
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
removeō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove back, remove
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
meminī, meminisseremember
fateor, -ērī, fassus sumadmit, confess
ēiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow out; sē ēicere: rush out
absolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusrelease, set free; acquit (of: gen.)
beneficium, -ī, n.well-doing, kindness, service, benefit
auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātusbear away, carry off
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
mūnificē (adv.)generously, lavishly
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
exonerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusunload, discharge (a ship)
vānus, -a, -umempty, idle, vain; in vanum: in vain
forsitan (adv.)perhaps
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
persuādeō, -suādēre, -suāsi, -suāsuspersuade, prevail upon, induce
cum, prep, with abl.with
Tarquinius, -ī m.L. Tarquinius, an informer who accused Crassus
tam, adv.so
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
subitus, -a, -umsudden
admīrātiō, -ōnis f.wonder, admiration
inclūdō, -clūdere, -clūsī, -clūsusshut up in, inclose, imprison
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptumbegin
prīmōrēs, -um m. pl.the leading men, the front rank
circumsistō, -ere, circumstetīstand around, surround
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
prex, precis f. (usu. pl.)prayer, entreaty
ōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusspeak; beg, pray
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
minus, comp. adv.less
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
aetās, -tātis, f.age
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
socer, -erī m.father-in-law
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
variē (adv.)in different ways, variously
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask
alternus, -a, -umone after the other, alternating
suādeō, -ēre, suāsī, suāsusadvise, urge
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
cōnsēnsus, -ūs, m.agreement, consent
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
postmodum (adv.)afterwards, later
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
āmissiō, -ōnis f.loss
īnsuper (adv.)above, on top; besides
ignōminia, -ae f.disgrace, dishonor
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
abdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrenounce; sē abdicāre (+ abl.): resign (an office)
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
trānsferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātuscarry across, transfer
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
senātus, -ūs m.senate
cōnsultum, -ī n.decree (senātūs cōnsultum: a decree of the Senate)
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
exsul, -ulis m.exile, banished person
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
centuriātus, -a, -umdivided into centuries; comitia centuriāta: the assembly voting by centuries
adiūtor, -ōris m.helper, assistant
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.