LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Livy › History of Rome, Book 2 › Ab Urbe Condita 2.28

Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.28

Night meetings and a failed levy

English onlyRead it word by word

Liv. 2.28.1A. Verginius inde et T. Vetusius cōnsulātum ineunt.Then Aulus Verginius and Titus Vetusius enter on the consulship. Liv. 2.28.1Tum vērō plēbs incerta, quālēs habitūra cōnsulēs esset, coetūs nocturnōs, pars Esquiliīs, pars in Aventīnō facere, nē in forō subitīs trepidāret cōnsiliīs et omnia temerē ac fortuītō ageret.Then indeed the plebs, uncertain what kind of consuls they would have, held meetings by night, some on the Esquiline, some on the Aventine, so that they might not be thrown into confusion by hasty decisions in the forum and do everything rashly and at random. Liv. 2.28.2Eam rem cōnsulēs ratī, ut erat, perniciōsam ad patrēs dēferunt, sed dē eā tum cōnsulere ōrdine nōn licuit;The consuls, thinking this dangerous, as it was, report it to the senators, but it was not possible then to debate it in due order; Liv. 2.28.2adeō tumultuōsē excepta est clamōribus undique et indignātiōne patrum, sī, quod imperiō cōnsulārī exsequendum esset, invidiam eius cōnsulēs ad senātum rēicerent.so tumultuously was it received, with shouts on every side and the indignation of the senators that the consuls should throw on to the senate the odium for what ought to have been carried out by consular authority.

Liv. 2.28.3Profectō, sī essent in rē pūblicā magistrātūs, nūllum futūrum fuisse Rōmae nisi pūblicum cōnsilium;Surely, if there were magistrates in the state, there would have been no council at Rome except the public one; Liv. 2.28.4nunc in mīlle cūriās contiōnēsque, cum alia Esquiliīs, alia in Aventīnō fīant concilia, dispersam et dissipātam esse rem pūblicam.as it was, the state had been split up and scattered into a thousand senate-houses and assemblies, since some meetings were held on the Esquiline, others on the Aventine. Liv. 2.28.4Ūnum herculē virum — id enim plūs esse quam cōnsulem — , quālis Ap. Claudius fuerit, mōmentō temporis discussūrum illōs coetūs fuisse.One man, by heaven — for that was more than a consul — such as Appius Claudius had been, would have broken up those gatherings in a moment. Liv. 2.28.5Correptī cōnsulēs cum, quid ergō sē facere vellent, nihil enim segnius molliusve, quam patribus placeat, āctūrōs, percunctārentur, dēcernunt, ut dīlēctum quam ācerrimum habeant: ōtiō lascīvīre plēbem.When the consuls, thus rebuked, asked what then the senators wanted them to do, for they would act with no more slackness or softness than the senators pleased, the senators decree that the consuls should hold the levy as rigorously as possible: the plebs was running riot from idleness.

Liv. 2.28.5Dīmissō senātū cōnsulēs in tribūnal ēscendunt;When the senate had been dismissed, the consuls mount the tribunal; Liv. 2.28.6citant nōminātim iūniōrēs.they call out the younger men by name. Liv. 2.28.6Cum ad nōmen nēmō respondēret, circumfūsa multitūdō in contiōnis modum negāre ultrā dēcipī plēbem posse;When no one answered to his name, the crowd, gathering round as if at an assembly, declared that the plebs could be deceived no longer; Liv. 2.28.7numquam ūnum mīlitem habitūrōs, nī praestārētur fidēs pūblica;they would never have a single soldier unless the public pledge were honoured; Liv. 2.28.7lībertātem ūnīcuique prius reddendam esse quam arma danda, ut prō patriā cīvibusque, nōn prō dominīs pugnent.liberty must be given back to each man before arms were given, so that they might fight for their country and their fellow citizens, not for masters. Liv. 2.28.8Cōnsulēs, quid mandātum esset ā senātū, vidēbant, sed eōrum, quī intrā parietēs cūriae ferōciter loquerentur, nēminem adesse invidiae suae participem.The consuls saw what the senate had instructed, but that none of those who talked so fiercely within the walls of the senate-house was present to share in their unpopularity.

Liv. 2.28.8Et appārēbat atrōx cum plēbe certāmen.And a fierce struggle with the plebs was clearly at hand. Liv. 2.28.9Prius itaque quam ultima experīrentur, senātum iterum cōnsulere placuit.So before they tried extreme measures, they decided to consult the senate again. Liv. 2.28.9Tum vērō ad sellās cōnsulum properē convolāvēre minimus quisque nātū patrum, abdicāre cōnsulātum iubentēs et dēpōnere imperium, ad quod tuendum animus dēesset.Then indeed all the youngest of the senators came flying to the consuls' chairs, bidding them resign the consulship and lay down the authority which they lacked the courage to uphold.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×4, ablative absolute ×1, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (157 words)
inde (adv.)from there; then
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
tum, adv.then, at that time
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
incertus, -a, -umuncertain, unreliable
quālis, -eof what sort? what kind of?
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
coetus, -ūs m.meeting, gathering, assembly
nocturnus, -a, -umof night, nocturnal; nocturnum tempus, night-time
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
subitus, -a, -umsudden
trepidō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe in a panic, hurry about in alarm
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
omnis, -eall, every
temerē, adv.rashly
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
fortuītō (adv.)by chance, accidentally
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
perniciōsus, -a, -umdestructive, ruinous, dangerous
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
pater, patris, m.father
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
sed, conj.but
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
nōn, adv.not
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
tumultuōsē (adv.)noisily, in confusion
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
undique, adv.from or on all sides
indignātiō, -ōnis f.indignation, resentment
sī, conj.if
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
exsequor, -ī, -secūtus sumcarry out, enforce
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
senātus, -ūs m.senate
rēiciō, -ere, rēiēcī, rēiectumthrow back, drive back
profectō, adv.certainly, surely
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
nisi, conj.if not, unless
nunc, adv.now
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
cūria, -ae f.senate house
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
que, enclitic conj.and
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
concilium, -ī n.meeting, council
dispergō, -ere, -spersī, -spersumscatter
dissipō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumscatter
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
hercle (interj.)by Hercules!, indeed
vir, virī, m.man
enim, conj.for
plūs (adv.)more
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
mōmentum, -ī n.weight, importance; levī mōmentō: as a slight matter
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
discutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusshatter; clear away
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
corripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptusseize, snatch, snatch up
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
volō, velle, voluīwish
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
segnis, -eslow, sluggish, idle
mollis, -esoft, weak
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
percontor (percunctor), -ārī, -ātus sumquestion closely, inquire, ask
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
dīlēctus, -ūs m.levy, recruitment of soldiers; dīlēctum habēre: hold a levy
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
ōtium, -ī n.leisure, rest; peace, quiet
lascīviō, -īre, -iī, -ītusfrolic, run riot, be unruly; behave wantonly
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
tribūnal, -ālis n.platform, tribunal (where a magistrate sat to judge)
ēscendō, -ere, -scendī, -scēnsumclimb up, go on board
citō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset in motion, urge on; citātus: swift, rushing
nōminātim (adv.)by name, one by one
iūnior, -ius (comp. of iuvenis)younger; iūniōrēs: men of military age
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
circumfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour around; (passive) crowd around, surround
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
dēcipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptuscatch, deceive
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
numquam, adv.never
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
nī (conj.)if not, unless (= nisi)
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
ūnusquisque, ūnaquaeque, ūnumquodqueeach one, every single one
prius, adv.before, first
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
mandō, -dāre, -dāvī, -dātusput in hand, intrust, commit; charge, command
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
intrā, prep. with acc.within
pariēs, -etis m.wall (of a house)
ferōciter (adv.)fiercely, defiantly
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
particeps, -cipissharing in, taking part in (+ gen.); as noun: partner
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
cum, prep, with abl.with
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
ultimus, -a, -umfarthest, last
experior, -īrī, expertus sumtry, test, experience
iterum, adv.again, a second time
properē (adv.)quickly, in haste
convolō, -āre, -āvīflock together, rush together
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
nātū (abl. only)by birth (maiōrēs nātū: the elders)
abdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrenounce; sē abdicāre (+ abl.): resign (an office)
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
dēpōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput down, deposit; lay aside, give up; ē memoriā dēpōnere, to forget
tueor, -ērī, tuitus sumwatch over, protect, defend
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.