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Horace · Satires I

Horace, Satires 1.8

Priapus and the witches

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Sat. 1.8.1Ōlim truncus eram fīculnus, inūtile lignum,
cum faber, incertus scamnum faceretne Priāpum,
māluit esse Deum.
Once I was a fig-tree trunk, a useless log, when a carpenter, uncertain whether to make a stool or a Priapus, preferred that I should be a god.
Sat. 1.8.3Deus inde ego, fūrum aviumque
maxima formīdō;
A god, therefore, I am, the greatest terror of thieves and birds;
Sat. 1.8.4nam fūrēs dextrā coercet
5obscaenōque ruber porrēctus ab inguine pālus,
ast inportūnās volucrēs in vertice harundō
terret fīxa vetatque novīs cōnsīdere in hortīs.
for my right hand keeps thieves in check, and the red stake stretched out from my obscene groin, while a reed fixed on my head frightens off the pestering birds and forbids them to settle in the new gardens.
Sat. 1.8.8Hūc prius angustīs ēiecta cadāvera cellīs
cōnservus vīlī portanda locābat in arcā;
Here formerly a fellow slave used to hire a cheap box to carry off the corpses thrown out of narrow cells;
Sat. 1.8.10hoc miserae plēbī stābat commūne sepulcrum;this stood as the common graveyard for the wretched poor; Sat. 1.8.11Pantolabō scurrae Nōmentānōque nepōtī
mīlle pedēs in fronte, trecentōs cippus in agrum
hic dabat, hērēdēs monumentum nē sequerētur.
here a pillar assigned a thousand feet of frontage and three hundred of depth to Pantolabus the jester and Nomentanus the spendthrift, so that the monument should not pass to the heirs.

Sat. 1.8.14Nunc licet Esquiliīs habitāre salūbribus atque
15aggere in aprīcō spatiārī, quō modo trīstēs
albīs īnfōrmem spectābant ossibus agrum,
cum mihi nōn tantum fūrēsque feraeque suētae
hunc vexāre locum cūrae sunt atque labōrī
quantum carminibus quae versant atque venēnīs
20hūmānōs animōs: hās nūllō perdere possum
nec prohibēre modō, simul ac vaga lūna decōrum
prōtulit ōs, quīn ossa legant herbāsque nocentīs.
Now one may live on the healthy Esquiline and stroll on the sunny rampart, where lately sad passers-by looked out on a field hideous with whitened bones, while for my part not so much the thieves and the wild beasts used to haunting this place cause me trouble and toil as the women who twist human minds with spells and potions: these I can in no way destroy or prevent, as soon as the wandering moon has put forth her lovely face, from gathering bones and harmful herbs.
Sat. 1.8.23Vīdī egomet nigrā succīnctam vādere pallā
Canidiam pedibus nūdīs passōque capillō,
25cum Saganā maiōre ululantem: pallor utrāsque
fēcerat horrendās adspectū.
I myself saw Canidia walking with her black robe tucked up, barefoot and with hair dishevelled, howling with the elder Sagana: their pallor had made both horrible to look at.

Sat. 1.8.26Scalpere terram
unguibus et pullam dīvellere mordicus agnam
coepērunt;
They began to scrape the earth with their nails and to tear apart a black lamb with their teeth;
Sat. 1.8.28cruor in fossam cōnfūsus, ut inde
mānīs ēlicerent animās respōnsa datūrās.
the blood was poured all together into a trench, so that from there they might draw out the spirits of the dead, souls to give them answers.
Sat. 1.8.30Lānea et effigiēs erat altera cērea: maior
lānea, quae poenīs conpēsceret īnferiōrem;
There was an effigy of wool and another of wax: the woollen one larger, to subdue the lesser with punishments;
Sat. 1.8.32cērea suppliciter stābat, servīlibus ut quae
iam peritūra modīs.
the waxen one stood as a suppliant, like one about to die a slave's death.
Sat. 1.8.33Hecatēn vocat altera, saevam
altera Tīsiphonēn: serpentēs atque vidērēs
35īnfernās errāre canēs lūnamque rubentem,
nē foret hīs testis, post magna latēre sepulcra.
One calls on Hecate, the other on savage Tisiphone: you might have seen serpents and hounds of hell roaming, and the moon, blushing, hiding behind the great tombs so as not to witness these deeds.

Sat. 1.8.37Mentior at sīquid, merdīs caput inquiner albīs
corvōrum atque in mē veniat mictum atque cacātum
Iūlius, et fragilis Pediātia, fūrque Voranus.
But if I am lying in anything, may my head be fouled with the white droppings of crows, and may Julius and frail Pediatia and the thief Voranus come to piss and shit on me.
Sat. 1.8.40Singula quid memorem, quō pactō alterna loquentēs
umbrae cum Saganā resonārint trīste et acūtum
utque lupī barbam variae cum dente colubrae
abdiderint fūrtim terrīs et imāgine cēreā
largior ārserit ignis et ut nōn testis inultus
45horruerim vōcēs Furiārum et facta duārum?
Why should I tell each detail, how the shades, talking back and forth with Sagana, sounded sad and shrill, and how they secretly buried in the ground a wolf's beard with the tooth of a spotted snake, and how a greater fire blazed up from the waxen image, and how I, no unavenged witness, shuddered at the words and deeds of the two Furies?
Sat. 1.8.46Nam, displōsa sonat quantum vēsīca, pepēdī
diffissā nate fīcus;
For with a noise as loud as a bursting bladder, I, a fig-wood god, farted as my buttock split;
Sat. 1.8.47at illae currere in urbem.but they ran off to the city.

Sat. 1.8.48Canidiae dentīs, altum Saganae caliendrum
excidere atque herbās atque incantāta lacertīs
50vincula cum magnō rīsūque iocōque vidērēs.
You would have seen, amid great laughter and merriment, Canidia's teeth and Sagana's tall wig falling out, and the herbs and the enchanted love-knots dropping from their arms.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, ablative absolute ×2, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (223 words)
ōlim, adv.once upon a time, once, formerly, of old
truncus, -ī m.tree trunk
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
fīculnus, -a, -umof a fig tree, of fig wood
inūtilis, -enot useful, useless
lignum, -ī, n.wood
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
faber, fabrī, m.smith
incertus, -a, -umuncertain, unreliable
scamnum, -ī n.bench, stool, footstool
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
deus, -ī, m.god
inde (adv.)from there; then
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
fūr, fūris m.thief
avis, -is, f.bird
que, enclitic conj.and
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
formīdō, -inis f.fear, dread; something to be dreaded
nam, conj.for
dextra, -ae, f.right hand (manus understood)
coerceō, -ēre, coercuī, coercitumrestrain, keep in check
obscēnus, -a, -umill-omened, foul, loathsome
ruber, -bra, -brumred; mare rubrum: the Red Sea (often the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf)
porrigō, -ere, -rēxī, -rēctusstretch out, hold out, hand
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
inguen, -inis n.groin; private parts
pālus, -ī, m.stake
ast (conj.)but (older form of at)
importūnus, -a, -umruthless, savage, troublesome
volucris, -is, f.bird
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
vertex, -icis m.top of the head, crown; summit
harundō (arundō), -inis f.reed, cane
terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten, terrify
fīgō, fīgere, fīxī, fīxusfix, fasten, plant firmly
vetō, -āre, vetuī, vetitumforbid
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
cōnsīdō, -sīdere, -sēdī, -sessussit down
hortus, -ī, m.garden
hūc, adv.to this place, hither
prius, adv.before, first
angustus, -a, -umnarrow, cramped
ēiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow out; sē ēicere: rush out
cadāver, -eris, n.dead body, corpse, carcass
cōnservus, -ī m.fellow slave
vīlis, -echeap, worthless
portō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcarry
locō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplace; let out a contract for (a public work)
arca, -ae, f.chest, box, ark
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
sepulcrum, -ī n.tomb, grave
scurra, -ae m.buffoon, jester; man about town; parasite
nepōs, nepōtis, m.grandson
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
pēs, pedis, m.foot
frōns, frontis, f.forehead
trecentī, -ae, -athree hundred
cippus, -ī m.post, pillar; in Caesar a sharpened stake set in a trench
ager, agri, m.field, land
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
hērēs (haerēs), -ēdis m.heir
monumentum, -ī n.memorial, monument; record
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
nunc, adv.now
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
habitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdwell, inhabit
salūbris, -ehealthy, wholesome
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
agger, aggeris m.mound, siege ramp
aprīcus, -a, -umsunny, warm
spatior, -ārī, -ātus sumwalk about, stroll; wander
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
modo, adv.only
trīstis, -esad, gloomy
albus, -a, -umwhite
īnfōrmis, -eshapeless; ugly
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at or on
os, ossis n.bone
nōn, adv.not
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
fera, -ae, f.wild animal, beast
suētus, -a, -umaccustomed, used (to); usual, customary
vexō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumharass, ravage
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
quantum, adv.how much? how?
carmen, -minis, n.song, charm
versō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusturn about; (pass. or reflexive) move about, be engaged
venēnum, -ī, n.poison
hūmānus, -a, -umof man, human
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
perdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusdestroy, ruin; lose, waste
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold back, prevent, hinder
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
vagus, -a, -umwandering, roaming
lūna, -ae f.moon
decōrus, -a, -umhandsome, fine, splendid
prōferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbring forward, bring out
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
herba, -ae, f.herb, plant
nocēns, -entisguilty, criminal
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
niger, nigra, nigrumblack
succingō, -ere, -cīnxī, -cīnctusgird up, tuck up (a garment)
vādō, -erego
palla, -ae f.long robe, mantle
nūdus, -a, -umnaked, bare
pandō, -ere, pandī, passumspread out (passīs manibus: with hands outstretched)
capillus, -ī m.hair
cum, prep, with abl.with
ululō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushowl, wail
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
horrendus, -a, -umdreadful, terrible
aspectus, -ūs m.look, appearance; sight
scalpō, -ere, scalpsī, scalptusscratch, scrape; carve, engrave
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
unguis, -is m.fingernail, nail; claw
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
pullus, -a, -umdark, dusky, (of mourning clothes) dark grey or black
dīvellō, -vellere, -vellī, -vulsustear apart, rend asunder, tear in pieces
mordicus (adv.)with the teeth, by biting; tenaciously
agna, -ae f.ewe lamb
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
cruor, -ōris m.blood (shed), gore
fossa, -ae, f.ditch, trench
cōnfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour together, mingle; throw into disorder, confuse
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
mānēs, -ium, m. plur.spirit, shade
ēliciō, -ere, -uī, -ituslure out, draw out, entice
anima, -ae, f.breath, soul, life
respōnsum, -ī, n.reply, answer, response
lāneus, -a, -umwoollen, of wool
effigiēs, -ēī f.likeness, form, appearance
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
cēreus, -a, -umof wax, waxen
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
compescō (conp-), -ere, -pescuīhold in check, restrain; quench (thirst)
īnferior, -iuslower
suppliciter (adv.)humbly, as suppliants
servīlis, -eof slaves (servīlis tumultus: slave revolt)
iam, adv.now, already
pereō, -īre, -ii, -itūruspass away, perish
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
saevus, -a, -umfierce, savage
serpēns, -entis, f.serpent
īnfernus, -a, -umbelow, of the underworld; (pl. as noun) the gods below
errō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswander, stray; be mistaken
canis, -is, m. and f.dog
rubeō, -ērebe red, blush
testis, -is m./f.witness
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
lateō, -ēre, -uīlie hid, be concealed
mentior, -īrī, -ītus sumlie, tell a lie
at, conj.but
sī quis, sī qua, sī quidif anyone, if any (sī + the indefinite quis)
merda, -ae f.dung, excrement
caput, capitis, n.head
inquinō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspollute, soil, defile
corvus, -ī m.raven
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
mingō, -ere, mīnxī, mictusurinate
cacō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdefecate; soil
Iūlius, -ī m.Proculus Iulius, who reported seeing Romulus deified
fragilis, -eeasily broken, frail, fragile
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusremind of, mention
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
pactum, -ī n.agreement; quō pactō: in what way, how
alternus, -a, -umone after the other, alternating
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
umbra, -ae, f.shadow, shade
resonō, -āre, -āvīresound, echo
acūtus, -a, -umsharp, pointed
lupus, -ī m.wolf
barba, -ae f.beard
varius, -a, -umvarious
dēns, dentis, m.tooth
colubra, -ae f.snake, serpent (female)
abdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput away, hide
fūrtim (adv.)stealthily, secretly
imāgō, -inis f.likeness, image, portrait
largus, -a, -umabundant, plentiful; generous
ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsusbe on fire, burn
ignis, -is, m.fire
inultus, -a, -umunavenged; unpunished
horreō, -ēre, horruīshudder at, dread
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
furia, -ae f. (mostly pl.)rage, madness; the Furies, avenging spirits
factum, -ī n.deed, act
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
displōdō, -ere, -plōsī, -plōsusburst apart with a bang
sonō, -āre, sonuī, sonitusmake a sound, sound
vēsīca, -ae f.bladder; blister
pēdō, -ere, pepēdī, pēditumbreak wind, fart
diffindō, -ere, -fidī, -fissussplit apart, cleave
natis, -is f.buttock, rump
fīcus, -ī (or -ūs) f.fig tree; fig
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
currō, currere, cucurrī, cursusrun
urbs, urbis, f.city
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
caliendrum, -ī n.woman's tall wig, false hair
excidō, -ere, -cidīfall out, slip out
incantō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschant spells over, enchant, bewitch
lacertus, -ī m.upper arm, arm
vinculum, -ī, n.bond, chain
rīsus, -ūs m.laughter
iocus, -ī m.joke, jest
Horace, Satires I. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Horace's Satires (from C. Smart, The Works of Horace, Philadelphia, 1836), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.