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Horace · Epistles I

Horace, Epistles 1.10

Country life against city life

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Epist. 1.10.1Urbis amātōrem Fuscum salvēre iubēmus
rūris amātōrēs, hāc in rē scīlicet ūnā
multum dissimilēs, at cētera paene gemellī
frāternīs animīs (quidquid negat alter, et alter)
5adnuimus pariter vetulī notīque columbī.
We, lovers of the country, bid Fuscus, lover of the city, good health; very unlike in this one thing alone, but in everything else almost twins with brotherly hearts (whatever one refuses, the other refuses too), we nod assent together like a pair of old and familiar doves.
Epist. 1.10.6Tū nīdum servās;You keep the nest; Epist. 1.10.6ego laudō rūris amoenī
rīvōs et muscō circumlita saxa nemusque.
I praise the streams of the lovely countryside, and rocks overgrown with moss, and groves.
Epist. 1.10.8Quid quaeris?What more would you have? Epist. 1.10.8Vīvō et regnō, simul ista relīquī
quae vōs ad caelum effertis rūmōre secundō,
10utque sacerdōtis fugitīvus lība recūsō;
I live and reign as soon as I have left those things which you all extol to the skies with favouring applause, and, like a priest's runaway slave, I refuse sweet cakes;
Epist. 1.10.11pāne egeō iam mellītīs potiōre placentīs.it is bread I need now, better than honeyed cakes.

Epist. 1.10.12Vīvere Nātūrae sī convenienter oportet,
pōnendaeque domō quaerenda est ārea prīmum,
nōvistīne locum potiōrem rūre beātō?
If it is right to live in agreement with Nature, and a site must first be sought for setting a house on, do you know any place preferable to the blessed countryside?
Epist. 1.10.15Est ubi plūs tepeant hiemēs, ubi grātior aura
lēniat et rabiem Canis et mōmenta Leōnis,
cum semel accēpit Sōlem furibundus acūtum?
Is there anywhere winters are milder, where a more pleasant breeze soothes both the fury of the Dog Star and the onset of the Lion, once in his frenzy he has received the piercing Sun?
Epist. 1.10.18Est ubi dīvellat somnōs minus invida Cūra?Is there anywhere less envious Care breaks off our sleep? Epist. 1.10.19Dēterius Libycīs olet aut nitet herba lapillīs?Is grass less fragrant or less bright than Libyan mosaic stones? Epist. 1.10.20Pūrior in vīcīs aqua tendit rumpere plumbum,
quam quae per prōnum trepidat cum murmure rīvum?
Is the water purer that strains to burst the lead pipes in the streets than that which ripples murmuring down its sloping channel?

Epist. 1.10.22Nempe inter variās nūtrītur silva columnās,
laudāturque domus longōs quae prōspicit agrōs.
Why, among your varied columns a wood is nurtured, and the house is praised that looks out over far-spreading fields.
Epist. 1.10.24Nātūram expellēs furcā, tamen ūsque recurret,
25et mala perrumpet fūrtim fastīdia victrīx.
You may drive out Nature with a pitchfork, yet she will always run back, and will steal victorious through your perverse disdain.
Epist. 1.10.26Nōn, quī Sīdōniō contendere callidus ostrō
nescit Aquīnātem pōtantia vellera fūcum,
certius accipiet damnum propiusvē medullīs,
quam quī nōn poterit vērō distinguere falsum,
30quem rēs plūs nimiō dēlectāvēre secundae,
mūtātae quatient.
The man who is not skilled at comparing fleeces that drink Aquinum's dye with Sidonian purple will not suffer a surer loss, or one closer to the marrow, than he who cannot distinguish false from true. He whom prosperity has delighted too much, its reversal will shake.
Epist. 1.10.31Sī quid mīrābere, pōnēs
invītus, fuge magna: Licet sub paupere tēctō
rēgēs et rēgum vītā praecurrere amīcōs.
If you admire anything, you will lay it down unwillingly. Flee greatness: under a poor roof one may outrun kings and the friends of kings in life.

Epist. 1.10.34Cervus equum pugnā melior commūnibus herbīs
35pellēbat, dōnec minor in certāmine longō
implōrāvit opēs hominis frēnum que recēpit;
A stag, superior in fight, used to drive the horse from their common pasture, until the loser in the long contest begged the help of man and took the bit;
Epist. 1.10.37sed postquam victor violēns discessit ab hoste,
nōn equitem dorsō, nōn frēnum dēpulit ōre.
but after the horse, a violent victor, had left his enemy, he did not shake the rider from his back nor the bit from his mouth.
Epist. 1.10.39Sīc quī pauperiem veritus potiōre metallīs
40lībertāte caret, dominum vehet improbus atque
serviet aeternum, quia parvō nesciet ūtī.
So he who, fearing poverty, does without liberty, which is worth more than mines, will carry a master, the wretch, and will be a slave for ever, because he will not know how to make do with little.
Epist. 1.10.42Cui nōn conveniet sua rēs, ut calceus ōlim,
sī pede maior erit, subvertet, sī minor, ūret.
He whose fortune does not suit him will be like the shoe of old: if it is larger than his foot, it will trip him; if smaller, it will pinch.

Epist. 1.10.44Laetus sorte tuā vīvēs sapienter, Aristī,
45nec mē dīmittēs incastīgātum, ubi plūra
cōgere quam satis est ac nōn cessāre vidēbor,
imperat aut servit collēcta pecūnia cuique,
tortum digna sequī potius quam dūcere fūnem.
Happy with your lot, you will live wisely, Aristius, nor will you let me go unrebuked when I seem to be amassing more than is enough and not stopping. Money that has been amassed is either master or slave to each man, and it ought to follow the twisted rope rather than lead it.
Epist. 1.10.49Haec tibi dictābam post fānum putre Vacūnae,
50exceptō quod nōn simul essēs, cētera laetus.
This I dictated to you behind the crumbling shrine of Vacuna, happy in everything except that you were not with me.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×2, indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (245 words)
urbs, urbis, f.city
amātor, -ōris m.lover, admirer; one fond of something
salveō, -ērebe well; salvēre iubeō: I greet, I hail
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
rūs, rūris n.the country, countryside; (pl.) fields
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
scīlicet, adv.of course, naturally, evidently
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
multum, -ī, n.much
dissimilis, -eunlike, different
at, conj.but
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
paene, adv.almost, nearly
gemellus, -a, -umtwin; (of a legion) formed by joining two
frāternus, -a, -umof a brother, brotherly
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
adnuō, -ere, -nuī, -nūtumnod, nod assent
pariter (adv.)equally, alike; at the same time
vetulus, -a, -umold, little old; (as noun) old man
nōtus, -a, -umknown, well-known, famous
que, enclitic conj.and
columbus, -ī m.male dove, pigeon
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
nīdus, -ī m.nest
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
amoenus, -a, -umpleasant, lovely (of places)
rīvus, -ī m.stream, brook
muscus, -ī m.moss
circumlinō, -ere, —, -litussmear all round, coat
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
nemus, -oris n.grove, wood
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
regnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreign, rule
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
vōsplur. of tū
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
rūmor, -ōris m.rumour, report
secundus, -a, -umfollowing, favorable
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
sacerdōs, -dōtis, m. and f.priest, priestess
fugitīvus, -ī m.runaway slave, deserter
lībum, -ī n.cake, esp. one offered to the gods
recūsō, -cūsāre, -cūsāvī, -cūsātusgive a reason against, refuse
pānis, -is m.bread, loaf
egeō, -ēre, eguī (+ abl. or gen.)need, lack, be in want of
iam, adv.now, already
mellītus, -a, -umhoneyed, sweet as honey
potior, -ius (comp. adj.)better, preferable, more powerful
placenta, -ae f.a flat cake
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
sī, conj.if
convenienter (adv.)in agreement with, suitably, consistently
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ārea, -ae f.open space, site, building plot
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
nōscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtumget to know (perf. nōvī: know)
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
beātus, -a, -umhappy, blessed
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
plūs (adv.)more
tepeō, -ērebe warm, be lukewarm
hiems, hiemis f.winter
grātus, -a, -umpleasing, grateful
aura, -ae, f.air, breeze
lēniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītussoften, soothe, ease
rabiēs, -ēī f.madness, fury
canis, -is, m. and f.dog
mōmentum, -ī n.weight, importance; levī mōmentō: as a slight matter
leō, -ōnis, m.lion
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
semel (adv.)once (semel atque iterum: again and again)
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
sōl, sōlis, m.sun
furibundus, -a, -umraging, furious
acūtus, -a, -umsharp, pointed
dīvellō, -vellere, -vellī, -vulsustear apart, rend asunder, tear in pieces
somnus, -ī, m.sleep, drowsiness
minus, comp. adv.less
invidus, -a, -umenvious, jealous; as noun: an envious person, ill-wisher
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
dēterius (adv.)worse, less well
Libycus, -a, -umLibyan, African
oleō, -ēre, -uīsmell, give off a smell
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
niteō, -ēre, -uīshine, glisten, be sleek
herba, -ae, f.herb, plant
lapillus, -ī m.pebble, small stone; gem
pūrus, -a, -umclean, pure; (of land) clear, unbuilt
vīcus, -ī, m.village
aqua, -ae, f.water
tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentumstretch out; hold out
rumpō, rumpere, rūpī, ruptusbreak, burst
plumbum, -ī n.lead (plumbum album: tin)
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
prōnus, -a, -umleaning forward; inclined, prone (to)
trepidō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe in a panic, hurry about in alarm
cum, prep, with abl.with
murmur, -uris n.murmur, muttering
nempe (adv.)of course, surely, to be sure
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
varius, -a, -umvarious
nūtriō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusnourish, feed; nurse (a baby)
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
columna, -ae, f.column, pillar
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
prōspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumlook ahead, provide for (+ dat.)
ager, agri, m.field, land
expellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive out, expel
furca, -ae f.a fork; a forked frame put on the neck of a criminal for flogging
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
ūsque, adv.all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō
recurrō, -ere, -currīrun back, return, come round again
malus, -a, -umbad
perrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusbreak or burst through, break
fūrtim (adv.)stealthily, secretly
fastīdium, -ī n.disdain, scorn, haughtiness; loathing, squeamishness; discomfort
victrīx, -īcis (f. adj. and noun)victorious; conqueror (feminine)
nōn, adv.not
Sīdōnius, -a, -umof Sidon; Phoenician
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
callidus, -a, -umclever, crafty
ostrum, -ī n.purple dye; purple cloth
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
Aquīnās, -ātisof Aquinum, a town in Latium
pōtō, -āre, -āvī, pōtusdrink, drink heavily
vellus, velleris, n.fleece
fūcus, -ī m.drone (bee)
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
damnum, -ī, n.harm, injury
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
medulla, -ae f.marrow; the inmost part
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
distinguō, -ere, -stīnxī, -stīnctusseparate, divide; distinguish
falsus, -a, -umfeigned, pretended, false
nimius, -a, -umexcessive, too great
dēlectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplease, delight; passive: enjoy, take pleasure in
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
quatiō, -ere, —, quassusshake, beat
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
invītus, -a, -umunwilling
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
pauper, -erispoor; as a noun, a poor person
tēctum, -ī n.roof; house
rēx, rēgis, m.king
vīta, -ae, f.life
praecurrō, -ere, -cucurrī, -cursumrun ahead, hurry on before
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
cervus, -ī, m.stag
equus, -ī, m.horse
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
bonus, -a, -umgood
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
dōnec (conj.)until; while, as long as
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
implōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumbeg for, appeal for
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
homō, hominis, m.man
frēnum, -ī n.bridle, rein
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
sed, conj.but
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
violēns, -entisviolent, raging
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
dorsum, -ī n.back; ridge (of a hill)
dēpellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive off or away, drive
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
sīc, adv.so, thus
pauperiēs, -ēī f.poverty
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
metallum, -ī n.a mine; metal
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
careō, -ēre, -uībe without, lack (+ abl.)
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
vehō, vehere, vexī, vectuscarry
improbus, -a, -umwicked, shameless; persistent, relentless; as noun: rogue
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
serviō, -ire, -īvī, -ītusbe subject to, serve
aeternus, -a, -umeverlasting, eternal
quia (conj.)because
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
calceus, -ī, m.shoe
ōlim, adv.once upon a time, once, formerly, of old
pēs, pedis, m.foot
subvertō, -ere, -vertī, -versusoverturn, upset
ūrō, ūrere, ussī, ūstusburn
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
sors, sortis, f.lot
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
sapienter (adv.)wisely
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
incastīgātus, -a, -umunrebuked, unpunished
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
cessō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstop, cease, rest; be idle
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
colligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctumgather, collect (sē colligere: recover oneself)
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
torqueō, torquēre, torsī, tortusturn
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
potius (adv.)rather
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
fūnis, -is m.rope, cable
dictō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay repeatedly; dictate
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
fānum, -ī n.shrine, sanctuary
putris, -erotten, decaying; crumbling, loose (of soil)
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
quod, conj.that, in that, because
Horace, Epistles I. Latin text: H. R. Fairclough, Horace: Satires, Epistles and Ars Poetica (Loeb, 1929), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.