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Cicero · Pro Roscio Amerino

Pro Roscio 8

The property seized and sold

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Rosc. Am. 8.1Nē diūtius teneam, iūdicēs, societās coitur.Not to keep you any longer, judges, a partnership is formed. Rosc. Am. 8.1Cum nūlla iam prōscrīptiōnis mentiō fieret, cum etiam quī anteā metuerant redīrent ac iam dēfūnctōs sēsē perīculīs arbitrārentur, nōmen refertur in tabulās Sex. Roscī, hominis studiōsissimī nōbilitātis;When there was no longer any mention of proscription, when even those who had been afraid before were returning and thought themselves now done with dangers, the name of Sextus Roscius, a man most devoted to the nobility, is entered in the lists; Rosc. Am. 8.1manceps fit Chrȳsogonus;Chrysogonus becomes the purchaser; Rosc. Am. 8.1tria praedia vel nōbilissima Capitōnī propria trāduntur, quae hodiē possidet;three farms, perhaps the finest, are handed over to Capito as his own, and he holds them today; Rosc. Am. 8.1in reliquās omnīs fortūnās iste T. Roscius nōmine Chrȳsogonī, quem ad modum ipse dīcit, impetum facit.on all the rest of the property this Titus Roscius makes an assault in the name of Chrysogonus, as he himself says. Rosc. Am. 8.1Haec omnia, iūdicēs, imprūdente L. Sullā facta esse certō sciō.All this, judges, I know for certain was done without the knowledge of Lucius Sulla.

Rosc. Am. 8.22Neque enim mīrum, cum eōdem tempore et ea quae praeterita sunt reparet et ea quae videntur īnstāre praeparet, cum et pācis cōnstituendae ratiōnem et bellī gerendī potestātem sōlus habeat, cum omnēs in ūnum spectent, ūnus omnia gubernet, cum tot tantīsque negōtiīs distentus sit ut respīrāre līberē nōn possit, sī aliquid nōn animadvertat, cum praesertim tam multī occupātiōnem eius observent tempusque aucupentur ut, simul atque ille dēspexerit, aliquid huiusce modī mōliantur.Nor indeed is it surprising, since at one and the same time he is repairing the past and preparing for what seems to be threatening, since he alone has the planning of the peace to be established and the power of waging war, since all look to one man and one man governs everything, since he is distracted by so many and such great affairs that he cannot breathe freely, if he fails to notice something, especially when so many men are watching for his moments of preoccupation and lying in wait for their opportunity, so that, as soon as he looks away, they may contrive something of this kind.

Rosc. Am. 8.22Hūc accēdit quod, quamvīs ille fēlīx sit, sīcut est, tamen in tantā fēlīcitāte nēmō potest esse in magnā familiā quī nēminem neque servum neque lībertum improbum habeat.Added to this is the fact that, however fortunate he may be, as indeed he is, still, in such great good fortune, no one can have a large household without having some rogue, whether slave or freedman. Rosc. Am. 8.23Intereā iste T. Roscius, vir optimus, prōcūrātor Chrȳsogonī, Ameriam vēnit, in praedia huius invādit, hunc miserum, lūctū perditum, quī nōndum etiam omnia paternō fūnerī iūsta solvisset, nūdum ēicit domō atque focīs patriīs dīsque penātibus praecipitem, iūdicēs, exturbat, ipse amplissimae pecūniae fit dominus.Meanwhile this Titus Roscius, an excellent man, the agent of Chrysogonus, comes to Ameria, invades this man's farms, and throws this poor man, ruined by grief, who had not yet even paid all the due rites at his father's funeral, out of his house stripped of everything, and drives him headlong, judges, from his ancestral hearth and household gods, and himself becomes master of a very ample fortune. Rosc. Am. 8.23Quī in suā rē fuisset egentissimus, erat, ut fit, īnsolēns in aliēnā;He who had been utterly destitute in his own affairs was, as usually happens, insolent in another's; Rosc. Am. 8.23multa palam domum suam auferēbat, plūra clam dē mediō removēbat, nōn pauca suīs adiūtōribus lārgē effūsēque dōnābat, reliqua cōnstitūtā auctiōne vēndēbat.many things he openly carried off to his own house, more he secretly made away with, not a few he gave generously and lavishly to his helpers, and the rest he sold at an auction he arranged.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×2, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (157 words)
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
societās, -ātis f.alliance, partnership
coeō, -īre, -iī, -itumcome together, assemble
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
iam, adv.now, already
prōscrīptiō, -ōnis f.public notice of sale; proscription (outlawing and confiscation, as under Sulla)
mentiō, -ōnis, f.mention
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
anteā, adv.before
metuō, -ere, metuīfear, be afraid of
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
dēfungor, -fungī, -fūnctus sumfinish, be done with; dēfūnctus: dead
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
tabula, -ae f.tablet, written list
homō, hominis, m.man
studiōsus, -a, -umeager, diligent, studious
nōbilitās, -tātis f.the nobility
manceps, -cipis m.purchaser at a public sale; contractor (for public revenues or works)
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
praedium, -ī n.estate, farm
velor; vel … vel: either … or
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
proprius, -a, -umone's own, private; characteristic (of)
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
hodiē (adv.)today
possideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessushold, possess
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
omnis, -eall, every
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
imprūdēns, -entisoff guard, unaware
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
certō, adv.with certainty, for certain, certainly
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
enim, conj.for
mīrus, -a, -umwonderful, strange
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
praetereō, -īre, -iī, -ituspass by
reparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrestore, make good; get in exchange
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
praeparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprepare beforehand
pāx, pācis f.peace
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
bellum, -ī, n.war
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
sōlus, -a, -umalone
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at or on
gubernō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussteer
tot (indecl.)so many
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
que, enclitic conj.and
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
distineō, -ēre, -tinuī, -tentumkeep apart, keep divided
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
respīrō, -spīrāre, -spīrāvī, -spīrātusbreathe back or out, breathe
līberē (adv.; comp. līberius)freely, frankly
nōn, adv.not
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
sī, conj.if
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
animadvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn the mind to, observe
praesertim (adv.)especially
tam, adv.so
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
occupātiō, -ōnis f.business, engagement, being busy
observō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwatch; keep, respect
aucupor, -ārī, -ātus sumlie in wait for, watch for (an opportunity)
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
dēspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumlook down on, despise
mōlior, -īrī, -ītus sumwork at, contrive, plot
hūc, adv.to this place, hither
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
quod, conj.that, in that, because
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
fēlīx, -īcisfortunate, lucky, happy
sīcut (conj.)just as
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
fēlīcitās, -ātis f.good fortune, luck
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
familia, -ae f.household (incl. slaves and dependents)
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
lībertus, -ī m.freedman (a former slave, in relation to his former master)
improbus, -a, -umwicked, shameless; persistent, relentless; as noun: rogue
intereā, adv.in the meantime, meanwhile
vir, virī, m.man
bonus, -a, -umgood
prōcūrātor, -ōris m.manager, agent; regent
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo into, attack, seize; come upon
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
lūctus, -ūs m.grief, mourning
perdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusdestroy, ruin; lose, waste
nōndum, adv.not yet
paternus, -a, -umof a father, a father's
fūnus, -eris n.funeral
iūstus, -a, -umjust
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtusloosen, unbind, release; pay; with or without nāvem, cast off, set sail, put to sea
nūdus, -a, -umnaked, bare
ēiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow out; sē ēicere: rush out
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
focus, -ī m.hearth, fireplace; (fig.) home
patrius, -a, -umof one's fathers, ancestral
deus, -ī, m.god
praeceps, -cipitisheadlong
exturbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive out, thrust out
amplus, -a, -umlarge, great; distinguished
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
egēns, egentisneedy, poor
īnsolēns, -entisunaccustomed (to: gen.); excessive, arrogant
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
palam (adv.)openly, publicly
auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātusbear away, carry off
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
clam (adv.)secretly
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
medium, -ī n.the middle; in mediō: in the midst
removeō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove back, remove
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
adiūtor, -ōris m.helper, assistant
lārgē (adv.)generously, lavishly
effūsē (adv.)far and wide, without restraint
dōnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumgive; present (someone with something)
auctiō, -ōnis f.auction, public sale
vēndō, -ere, vēndidī, vēnditumsell
Cicero, Pro Roscio Amerino. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.