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Cicero · Pro Roscio Amerino

Pro Roscio 52

The judges as last refuge

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Rosc. Am. 52.1Vērum sī ā Chrȳsogonō, iūdicēs, nōn impetrāmus ut pecūniā nostrā contentus sit, vītam nē petat, sī ille addūcī nōn potest ut, cum adēmerit nōbīs omnia quae nostra erant propria, nē lūcem quoque hanc quae commūnis est ēripere cupiat, sī nōn satis habet avāritiam suam pecūniā explēre, nisi etiam crūdēlitātī sanguis praebitus sit, ūnum perfugium, iūdicēs, ūna spēs reliqua est Sex. Rosciō eadem quae reī pūblicae, vestra prīstina bonitās et misericordia.But if, judges, we cannot obtain from Chrysogonus that he be content with our money and not seek our life, if he cannot be induced, when he has taken from us everything that was our own, not to desire to snatch away this light as well, which is common to all, if he does not think it enough to sate his greed with money unless blood is also offered to his cruelty, then one refuge, judges, one hope is left to Sextus Roscius, the same as to the commonwealth: your old goodness and compassion. Rosc. Am. 52.1Quae sī manet, salvī etiam nunc esse possumus;If that remains, we can be saved even now; Rosc. Am. 52.1sīn ea crūdēlitās quae hōc tempore in rē pūblicā versāta est vestrōs quoque animōs — id quod fierī profectō nōn potest — dūriōrēs acerbiōrēsque reddit, āctum est, iūdicēs;but if the cruelty which has been rife in the commonwealth at this time makes your minds too — a thing which surely cannot happen — harder and more bitter, it is all over, judges; Rosc. Am. 52.1inter ferās satius est aetātem dēgere quam in hāc tantā immānitāte versārī.it is better to spend one's life among wild beasts than to live amid such enormous savagery.

Rosc. Am. 52.151Ad eamne rem vōs reservātī estis, ad eamne rem dēlēctī ut eōs condemnārētis quōs sectōrēs ac sīcāriī iugulāre nōn potuissent?Is it for this that you have been kept, for this that you have been chosen, to condemn those whom the buyers of goods and the assassins had not been able to butcher? Rosc. Am. 52.151Solent hoc bonī imperātōrēs facere cum proelium committunt, ut in eō locō quō fugam hostium fore arbitrentur mīlitēs conlocent, in quōs sī quī ex aciē fūgerint dē imprōvīsō incidant.Good generals are accustomed to do this when they join battle: they station soldiers in the place where they judge the enemy's flight will be, so that any who flee from the battle line may fall upon them unexpectedly. Rosc. Am. 52.151Nīmīrum similiter arbitrantur istī bonōrum ēmptōrēs vōs hīc, tālīs virōs, sedēre quī excipiātis eōs quī dē suīs manibus effūgerint.No doubt in the same way these buyers of goods suppose that you, men of such character, sit here to catch those who have escaped from their hands. Rosc. Am. 52.151Dī prohibeant, iūdicēs, nē hoc quod maiōrēs cōnsilium pūblicum vocārī voluērunt praesidium sectōrum exīstimētur!May the gods forbid, judges, that this body, which our ancestors wished to be called the public council, should be thought a garrison for the buyers of goods!

Rosc. Am. 52.152An vērō, iūdicēs, vōs nōn intellegitis nihil aliud agī nisi ut prōscrīptōrum līberī quāvīs ratiōne tollantur, et eius reī initium in vestrō iūre iūrandō atque in Sex. Roscī perīculō quaerī?Or do you not understand, judges, that nothing else is being pursued but that the children of the proscribed should be removed by any means whatever, and that the beginning of this is being sought in your oath and in Sextus Roscius' peril? Rosc. Am. 52.152Dubium est ad quem maleficium pertineat, cum videātis ex alterā parte sectōrem, inimīcum, sīcārium eundemque accūsātōrem hōc tempore, ex alterā parte egentem, probātum suīs fīlium, in quō nōn modo culpa nūlla sed nē suspīciō quidem potuit cōnsistere?Is it doubtful to whom the crime belongs, when you see on one side a buyer of goods, an enemy, an assassin, and the same man now the accuser, and on the other side a needy man, a son approved by his family, on whom not only no guilt but not even suspicion could fasten? Rosc. Am. 52.152Numquid hīc aliud vidētis obstāre Rosciō nisi quod patris bona vēniērunt?Do you see anything else here standing in Roscius' way except that his father's goods have been sold?

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×4, purpose clauses ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (162 words)
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
sī, conj.if
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
nōn, adv.not
impetrō, -petrāre, -petrāvī, -petrātusgain one's end, obtain (a request)
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
noster, -tra, -trumour
contentus, -a, -umcontent, satisfied (+ abl.)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
vīta, -ae, f.life
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead to, bring, take; induce, influence
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
adimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake to oneself, take away
nōsplur. of ego
omnis, -eall, every
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
proprius, -a, -umone's own, private; characteristic (of)
lūx, lūcis, f.light
quoque, adv.also
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch out or away, rescue
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
avāritia, -ae f.greed
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
expleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētusfill up, complete; make good
nisi, conj.if not, unless
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
crūdēlitās, -ātis f.cruelty
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
perfugium, -ī n.refuge, shelter
spēs, speī, f.hope
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
vester, -tra, -trumyour
prīstinus, -a, -umformer
bonitās, -ātis f.goodness, fertility (of land)
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
misericordia, -ae, f;pity, compassion
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
salvus, -a, -umsafe, unharmed
nunc, adv.now
sīn (conj.)but if
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
versor, -ārī, -ātuskeep turning, be busy or employed, be
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
profectō, adv.certainly, surely
dūrus, -a, -umhard; harsh; difficult
acerbus, -a, -umbitter, harsh, painful
que, enclitic conj.and
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
fera, -ae, f.wild animal, beast
satius, comp. (n.)better, preferable (satius est: it is better)
aetās, -tātis, f.age
dēgō, -ere, dēgīspend (time), live
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
immānitās, -tātis, f.cruelty, barbarity
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
vōsplur. of tū
reservō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumkeep back, save
dēligō, -ligere, -lēgī, -lēctuschoose out, choose, select
condemnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscondemn; (+ gen.) convict of
sector, -ōris m.buyer of confiscated property at auction, speculator in such goods
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
sīcārius, -ī m.assassin, cutthroat
iugulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscut the throat of, murder
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
bonus, -a, -umgood
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
cum, prep, with abl.with
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
fuga, -ae, f.flight
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
conlocō, -locāre, -locāvī, -locātusplace together, put, place
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
imprōvīsus, -a, -umunexpected (dē imprōvīsō: unexpectedly)
incidō, -cidere, -cidīfall into or upon
nīmīrum (adv.)of course, no doubt, evidently (often ironic)
similiter (adv.)likewise, in the same way
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
ēmptor, -ōris m.buyer, purchaser
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
tālis, -esuch
vir, virī, m.man
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
manus, -ūs, f.hand
effugio, -fugere, -fūgīflee out or away, escape
deus, -ī, m.god
prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold back, prevent, hinder
maiōrēs, -um m. pl.ancestors
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
volō, velle, voluīwish
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
an, conj.or (in questions)
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
prōscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptuspublish; outlaw (put a man's name on a list, his life and property forfeit)
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
quīvīs, quaevīs, quodvīsany you like, any whatever
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
initium, -ī, n.beginning
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
iūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusswear; iūs iūrandum, oath
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
dubius, -a, -umdoubtful, uncertain
maleficium, -ī n.harm, wrongdoing
pertineō, -ēre, -uīextend, reach; tend toward, concern
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
inimīcus, -a, -umunfriendly, hostile
accūsātor, -ōris m.accuser, prosecutor
egēns, egentisneedy, poor
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
fīlius, -ī, m.son
modo, adv.only
culpa, -ae f.fault, blame
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
sed, conj.but
suspīciō, -ōnis, f.suspicion
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusstation oneself, take one's stand; consist
numquid (interrog. particle)surely not? can it be that ...? (expects 'no'); in later Latin also a simple question
obstō, -stāre, -stitīstand in the way, block, oppose (+ dat.)
quod, conj.that, in that, because
pater, patris, m.father
vēneō, -īre, -iībe sold (+ abl. of price)
Cicero, Pro Roscio Amerino. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.