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Cicero · Pro Roscio Amerino

Pro Roscio 49

Roscius asks only to live

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Rosc. Am. 49.1Idcircōnē exspectāta nōbilitās armīs atque ferrō rem pūblicam reciperāvit ut ad libīdinem suam lībertī servolīque nōbilium bona fortūnās ārāsque nostrās vexāre possent?Was it for this, then, that the long-awaited nobility recovered the commonwealth by arms and the sword, so that freedmen and paltry slaves of the nobles might harass our goods, our fortunes and our altars at their own whim? Rosc. Am. 49.142Sī id āctum est, fateor mē errāsse quī hoc māluerim, fateor īnsānīsse quī cum illīs sēnserim;If that was what was intended, I confess that I was wrong to prefer this side, I confess that I was mad to share their views; Rosc. Am. 49.142tametsī inermis, iūdicēs, sēnsī.although I shared them unarmed, judges. Rosc. Am. 49.142Sīn autem victōria nōbilium ōrnāmentō atque ēmolumentō reī pūblicae populōque Rōmānō dēbet esse, tum vērō optimō et nōbilissimō cuique meam ōrātiōnem grātissimam esse oportet.But if the victory of the nobles ought to be an ornament and an advantage to the commonwealth and the Roman people, then indeed my speech ought to be most welcome to all the best and noblest men. Rosc. Am. 49.142Quod sī quis est quī et sē et causam laedī putet, cum Chrȳsogonus vituperētur, is causam ignōrat, sē ipsum probē nōvit;But if there is anyone who thinks that both he himself and the cause are injured when Chrysogonus is censured, he does not understand the cause, though he knows himself well enough; Rosc. Am. 49.142causa enim splendidior fīet, sī nēquissimō cuique resistētur, ille improbissimus Chrȳsogonī fautor quī sibi cum illō ratiōnem commūnicātam putat laeditur, cum ab hōc splendōre causae sēparātur.for the cause will become more splendid if every utter scoundrel is resisted, and that most shameless backer of Chrysogonus, who thinks his interests are shared with him, is injured when he is cut off from this splendour of the cause.

Rosc. Am. 49.143Vērum haec omnis ōrātiō, ut iam ante dīxī, mea est, quā mē ūtī rēs pūblica et dolor meus et istōrum iniūria coēgit.But all this speech, as I said before, is my own, which the commonwealth, my own indignation and the wrongdoing of these men have forced me to use. Rosc. Am. 49.143Sex. Roscius hōrum nihil indignum putat, nēminem accūsat, nihil dē suō patrimōniō queritur.Sextus Roscius thinks none of this an outrage, accuses no one, makes no complaint about his inheritance. Rosc. Am. 49.143Putat homō imperītus mōrum, agricola et rūsticus, ista omnia quae vōs per Sullam gesta esse dīcitis mōre, lēge, iūre gentium facta;A man unacquainted with the ways of the world, a farmer and a countryman, he thinks that all those things which you say were done through Sulla were done according to custom, law and the law of nations; Rosc. Am. 49.143culpā līberātus et crīmine nefāriō solūtus cupit ā vōbīs discēdere;freed from blame and released from an abominable charge, he desires to leave your presence; Rosc. Am. 49.144sī hāc indignā suspīciōne careat, animō aequō sē carēre suīs omnibus commodīs dīcit.if he may be free of this unworthy suspicion, he says that he goes without all his possessions with an untroubled mind.

Rosc. Am. 49.144Rogat ōratque tē, Chrȳsogone, sī nihil dē patris fortūnīs amplissimīs in suam rem convertit, sī nūllā in rē tē fraudāvit, sī tibi optimā fidē sua omnia concessit, adnumerāvit, appendit, sī vestītum quō ipse tēctus erat ānulumque dē digitō suum tibi trādidit, sī ex omnibus rēbus sē ipsum nūdum neque praetereā quicquam excēpit, ut sibi per tē liceat innocentī amīcōrum opibus vītam in egestāte dēgere.He asks and begs you, Chrysogonus, if he has turned nothing of his father's very ample fortune to his own use, if he has cheated you in nothing, if he has handed over everything of his to you in perfect good faith, counted it out and weighed it out, if he has given you the clothing he himself was dressed in and the ring from his finger, if out of everything he has kept back nothing but himself, stripped bare, that through you he may be allowed, an innocent man, to pass his life in poverty on the resources of his friends.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×2, indirect statement ×6

Latin vocabulary for this passage (153 words)
idcircō (adv.)for that reason
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
nōbilitās, -tātis f.the nobility
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
reciperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusget back, recover
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
lībertus, -ī m.freedman (a former slave, in relation to his former master)
servulus, -ī m.young slave, (lowly) slave
que, enclitic conj.and
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
āra, -ae, f.altar
noster, -tra, -trumour
vexō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumharass, ravage
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
sī, conj.if
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
fateor, -ērī, fassus sumadmit, confess
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
errō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswander, stray; be mistaken
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
īnsāniō, -īre, -īvībe mad, be out of one's mind
cum, prep, with abl.with
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
tametsī (conj.)although
inermis, -eunarmed
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
sīn (conj.)but if
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
victōria, -ae, f.victory
ōrnāmentum, -ī n.honour, distinction; ornament
ēmolumentum, -ī n.profit, advantage, gain
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
tum, adv.then, at that time
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
bonus, -a, -umgood
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
grātus, -a, -umpleasing, grateful
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
quod, conj.that, in that, because
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
laedō, -ere, laesī, laesushurt, injure; break (an oath)
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
vituperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfind fault with, blame
ignōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe ignorant of
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
probē (adv.)well, properly, rightly
nōscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtumget to know (perf. nōvī: know)
enim, conj.for
splendidus, -a, -umbright, magnificent
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
nēquam (indecl.), comp. nēquior, sup. nēquissimusworthless, good-for-nothing
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
improbus, -a, -umwicked, shameless; persistent, relentless; as noun: rogue
fautor, -ōris m.supporter, patron
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
commūnicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshare; in the Gospels also: make common, make (ritually) unclean
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
splendor, -ōris m.brightness, light
sēparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusseparate, divide
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
omnis, -eall, every
iam, adv.now, already
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
indignus, -a, -umunworthy; shameful
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
patrimōnium, -ī n.inheritance, family estate
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
homō, hominis, m.man
imperītus, -a, -uminexperienced, unskilled, ignorant
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
agricola, -ae m.farmer, tiller of the soil
rūsticus, -a, -umrural, of the country
vōsplur. of tū
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
lēx, lēgis f.law
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
culpa, -ae f.fault, blame
līberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset free, free, liberate, release
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
nefārius, -a, -umwicked, criminal
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtusloosen, unbind, release; pay; with or without nāvem, cast off, set sail, put to sea
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
suspīciō, -ōnis, f.suspicion
careō, -ēre, -uībe without, lack (+ abl.)
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
commodum, -ī n.advantage, interest
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask
ōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusspeak; beg, pray
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
pater, patris, m.father
amplus, -a, -umlarge, great; distinguished
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
fraudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscheat, defraud, rob (someone of something, + abl.)
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
adnumerō (annumerō), -āre, -āvī, -ātuscount out, pay; reckon in, add; account for
appendō, -ere, -pendī, -pēnsusweigh out, weigh; hang (up)
vestītus, -ūs, m.clothing
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
ānulus, -ī m.ring, finger-ring
digitus, -ī m.finger (digitus pollex: thumb)
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
nūdus, -a, -umnaked, bare
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
innocēns, -entisharmless; innocent
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
vīta, -ae, f.life
egestās, -ātis f.want, poverty
dēgō, -ere, dēgīspend (time), live
Cicero, Pro Roscio Amerino. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.