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Cicero · Pro Roscio Amerino

Pro Roscio 48

The nobles warned against Chrysogonus

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Rosc. Am. 48.1Etenim quī haec vituperāre volunt Chrȳsogonum tantum posse queruntur;For those who wish to find fault with the present state of things complain that Chrysogonus has so much power; Rosc. Am. 48.1quī laudāre volunt concessum eī nōn esse commemorant.those who wish to praise it point out that this has not been granted to him. Rosc. Am. 48.1Ac iam nihil est quod quisquam aut tam stultus aut tam improbus sit quī dīcat: "Vellem quidem licēret;And now there is no reason for anyone to be so foolish or so dishonest as to say: 'I wish indeed it were allowed; Rosc. Am. 48.1hoc dīxissem."I would have said this.' Rosc. Am. 48.1Dīcās licet.You may say it. Rosc. Am. 48.1"Hoc fēcissem."'I would have done this.' Rosc. Am. 48.1Faciās licet;You may do it; Rosc. Am. 48.1nēmō prohibet.no one prevents you. Rosc. Am. 48.1"Hoc dēcrēvissem."'I would have decreed this.' Rosc. Am. 48.1Dēcerne , modo rēctē;Decree it, provided it is right; Rosc. Am. 48.1omnēs approbābunt.all will approve. Rosc. Am. 48.1"Hoc iūdicāssem."'I would have judged this.' Rosc. Am. 48.1Laudābunt omnēs, sī rēctē et ōrdine iūdicāris.All will praise you, if you judge rightly and properly.

Rosc. Am. 48.139Dum necesse erat rēsque ipsa cōgēbat, ūnus omnia poterat;While it was necessary and circumstances themselves compelled it, one man had all power; Rosc. Am. 48.139quī posteā quam magistrātūs creāvit lēgēsque cōnstituit, sua cuique prōcūrātiō auctōritāsque est restitūta.and after he had appointed magistrates and established laws, each man had his own sphere of responsibility and authority restored to him. Rosc. Am. 48.139Quam sī retinēre volunt eī quī reciperārunt in perpetuum poterunt obtinēre;If those who have recovered it wish to keep it, they will be able to hold it for ever; Rosc. Am. 48.139sīn hās caedīs et rapīnās et hōs tantōs tamque profūsōs sūmptūs aut facient aut approbābunt — nōlō in eōs gravius quicquam nē ōminis quidem causā dīcere, ūnum hoc dīcō: nostrī istī nōbilēs nisi vigilantēs et bonī et fortēs et misericordēs erunt, eīs hominibus in quibus haec erunt ōrnāmenta sua concēdant necesse est.but if they either commit or approve these murders and robberies and this vast and lavish expenditure — I do not wish to say anything harsher against them, if only for the sake of the omen; I say this one thing: unless these nobles of ours are watchful and good and brave and merciful, they must yield their distinctions to those men in whom these qualities are found.

Rosc. Am. 48.140Quāpropter dēsinant aliquandō dīcere male aliquem locūtum esse, sī quī vērē ac līberē locūtus sit, dēsinant suam causam cum Chrȳsogonō commūnicāre, dēsinant, sī ille laesus sit, dē sē aliquid dētrāctum arbitrārī, videant nē turpe miserumque sit eōs quī equestrem splendōrem patī nōn potuērunt servī nēquissimī dominātiōnem ferre posse.Therefore let them stop at last saying that someone has spoken ill if he has spoken truly and freely, let them stop making common cause with Chrysogonus, let them stop thinking that if he is injured something has been taken away from themselves, let them see to it that it is not shameful and pitiable that those who could not bear the splendour of the equestrian order can bear the domination of a most worthless slave. Rosc. Am. 48.140Quae quidem dominātiō, iūdicēs, in aliīs rēbus anteā versābātur, nunc vērō quam viam mūnītet et quod iter adfectet vidētis, ad fidem, ad iūs iūrandum, ad iūdicia vestra, ad id quod sōlum prope in cīvitāte sincērum sānctumque restat.This domination, gentlemen, used to be engaged in other matters before; but now you see what road it is building and what path it is aiming at: towards your good faith, your oath, your verdicts, towards almost the one thing that remains pure and sacred in the state.

Rosc. Am. 48.141hīc ne etiam sēsē putat aliquid posse Chrȳsogonus?Does Chrysogonus think that here too he has some power? Rosc. Am. 48.141hīcnē etiam potēns esse volt?does he want to be powerful here too? Rosc. Am. 48.141Ō rem miseram atque acerbam!O wretched and bitter state of affairs! Rosc. Am. 48.141Neque mē herculēs hoc indignē ferō, quod verear nē quid possit, vērum quod ausus est, quod spērāvit sēsē apud tālīs virōs aliquid ad perniciem posse innocentis, id ipsum queror.And, by Hercules, I am not indignant at this because I fear he has any power; but that he has dared, that he has hoped that before such men he could have some power to destroy an innocent man — that is precisely what I complain of.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×6, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (151 words)
etenim (conj.)for indeed, and in fact
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
vituperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfind fault with, blame
volō, velle, voluīwish
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
nōn, adv.not
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
commemorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummention, recount
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
iam, adv.now, already
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
quod, conj.that, in that, because
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
tam, adv.so
stultus, -a, -umfoolish, stupid
improbus, -a, -umwicked, shameless; persistent, relentless; as noun: rogue
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold back, prevent, hinder
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
modo, adv.only
rēctē (adv.)rightly, properly; safely
omnis, -eall, every
approbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusapprove, agree with
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
sī, conj.if
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
necesse, indecl. adj.necessary
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
que, enclitic conj.and
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
posteā, adv.after this, afterwards
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
lēx, lēgis f.law
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
prōcūrātiō, -ōnis f.management, charge
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
restituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset up again, put back, restore
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
reciperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusget back, recover
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
perpetuus, -a, -umcontinuous, perpetual; in perpetuum, for all time, forever
obtineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold
sīn (conj.)but if
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
rapīna, -ae f.plundering
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
profūsus, -a, -umlavish, extravagant (with: gen.)
sūmptus, -ūs m.expense
nōlō, nōlle, nōluīnot wish, be unwilling
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
ōmen, ōminis n.omen, sign; hīsce ōminibus: with these words of ill omen
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
noster, -tra, -trumour
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
nisi, conj.if not, unless
vigilō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstay awake, keep watch; be watchful
bonus, -a, -umgood
fortis, -ebrave
misericors, -cordistender-hearted, compassionate
homō, hominis, m.man
ōrnāmentum, -ī n.honour, distinction; ornament
quāpropter (adv.)for which reason, wherefore
dēsinō, -sinere, -siī, -situsstop, cease (+ inf.)
aliquandō, adv.at some time or other; finally, at length
male, adv.badly, ill
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
vērē (adv.)truly, really
līberē (adv.; comp. līberius)freely, frankly
cum, prep, with abl.with
commūnicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshare; in the Gospels also: make common, make (ritually) unclean
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
laedō, -ere, laesī, laesushurt, injure; break (an oath)
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
dētrahō, -trahere, -trāxī, -trāctusdraw or pull off
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
turpis, -edisgraceful
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
equester, -tris, -treof cavalry
splendor, -ōris m.brightness, light
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
nēquam (indecl.), comp. nēquior, sup. nēquissimusworthless, good-for-nothing
dominātiō, -ōnis f.absolute rule, tyranny
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
anteā, adv.before
versor, -ārī, -ātuskeep turning, be busy or employed, be
nunc, adv.now
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
via, -ae, f.road, way
mūnītō, -āremake (a road), open up a way
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
adfectō (affectō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusaim at, strive for, aspire to
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
iūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusswear; iūs iūrandum, oath
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
vester, -tra, -trumyour
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
sincērus, -a, -umpure, sound, chaste
sānctus, -a, -umconsecrated, sacred
restō, -āre, restitīstay behind, remain
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
ne, enclitic introducing a questionuntranslatable
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
potēns, -entispowerful
ō (interj.)O! oh!
acerbus, -a, -umbitter, harsh, painful
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
indignē (adv.)shamefully, undeservedly
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
tālis, -esuch
vir, virī, m.man
perniciēs, -ēī f.ruin, destruction
innocēns, -entisharmless; innocent
Cicero, Pro Roscio Amerino. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.