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Cicero · Pro Roscio Amerino

Pro Roscio 41

The slaves withheld from questioning

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Rosc. Am. 41.1Etenim, quoniam fidem magistrī cognōstis, cognōscite nunc discipulī aequitātem.Indeed, since you have learned the master's good faith, learn now the pupil's fairness. Rosc. Am. 41.1Dīxī iam anteā saepe numerō postulātōs esse ab istīs duōs servōs in quaestiōnem.I have said before that two slaves were repeatedly demanded from these men for examination under torture. Rosc. Am. 41.1Tū semper, T. Roscī, recūsāstī.You, Titus Roscius, have always refused. Rosc. Am. 41.1Quaerō abs tē: "Eīne quī postulābant indignī erant quī impetrārent, an is tē nōn commovēbat prō quō postulābant, an rēs ipsa tibi inīqua vidēbātur?"I ask you: 'Were those who demanded them unworthy to obtain their request, or did the man on whose behalf they demanded them not move you, or did the request itself seem unfair to you?' Rosc. Am. 41.1Postulābant hominēs nōbilissimī atque integerrimī nostrae cīvitātis quōs iam anteā nōmināvī;Those who demanded them were the noblest and most upright men of our state, whom I have already named; Rosc. Am. 41.1quī ita vīxērunt tālēsque ā populō Rōmānō putantur ut quicquid dīcerent nēmō esset quī nōn aequum putāret.men who have so lived and are so regarded by the Roman people that, whatever they said, there would be no one who did not think it fair.

Rosc. Am. 41.1Postulābant autem prō homine miserrimō atque īnfēlīcissimō quī vel ipse sēsē in cruciātum darī cuperet, dum dē patris morte quaererētur.And they demanded them on behalf of a most wretched and unfortunate man, who would even wish himself to be handed over to torture, provided an inquiry were made into his father's death. Rosc. Am. 41.120Rēs porrō abs tē eius modī postulābātur ut nihil interesset, utrum eam rem recūsārēs an dē maleficiō cōnfitērēre.Moreover, the thing demanded of you was such that it made no difference whether you refused it or confessed to the crime. Rosc. Am. 41.120Quae cum ita sint, quaerō abs tē quam ob causam recūsārīs.Since this is so, I ask you why you refused. Rosc. Am. 41.120Cum occīditur Sex. Roscius ibīdem fuērunt.When Sextus Roscius was killed, they were on the spot. Rosc. Am. 41.120Servōs ipsōs, quod ad mē attinet, neque arguō neque pūrgō;The slaves themselves, as far as I am concerned, I neither accuse nor clear; Rosc. Am. 41.120quod ā vōbīs oppugnārī videō nē in quaestiōnem dentur, suspīciōsum est;that I see you fighting to prevent their being handed over for examination is suspicious; Rosc. Am. 41.120quod vērō apud vōs ipsōs in honōre tantō sunt, profectō necesse est sciant aliquid, quod sī dīxerint perniciōsum vōbīs futūrum sit.but that they are held in such honour by you yourselves means that they must surely know something which, if they told it, would be ruinous to you.

Rosc. Am. 41.120— In dominōs quaerī dē servīs inīquum est.— It is unfair for slaves to be examined against their masters. Rosc. Am. 41.120— At nōn quaeritur;— But they are not being examined so; Rosc. Am. 41.120Sex. enim Roscius reus est;for Sextus Roscius is the defendant; Rosc. Am. 41.120neque enim, cum dē hōc quaeritur, in dominōs quaeritur ;for when the inquiry concerns him, it is not an inquiry against their masters; Rosc. Am. 41.120vōs enim dominōs esse dīcitis.for you say that you are their masters. Rosc. Am. 41.120— Cum Chrȳsogonō sunt.— They are with Chrysogonus. Rosc. Am. 41.120— Ita crēdō;— So I believe; Rosc. Am. 41.120litterīs eōrum et urbānitāte Chrȳsogonus dūcitur ut inter suōs omnium dēliciārum atque omnium artium puerulōs ex tot ēlegantissimīs familiīs lēctōs velit hōs versārī, hominēs paene operāriōs, ex Amerīnā disciplīnā patris familiae rūsticānī.Chrysogonus is so taken with their learning and refinement that he wants them, men who are practically labourers, trained in the Amerian school of a country householder, to mix among his own young slaves, skilled in every delight and every art, chosen from so many most elegant households. Rosc. Am. 41.121Nōn ita est profectō, iūdicēs;It is surely not so, gentlemen; Rosc. Am. 41.121nōn est vērī simile ut Chrȳsogonus hōrum litterās adamārit aut hūmānitātem, nōn ut reī familiāris negōtiō dīligentiam cognōrit eōrum et fidem.it is not likely that Chrysogonus has fallen in love with their learning or culture, nor that he has come to know their diligence and fidelity in managing his household affairs.

Rosc. Am. 41.121Est quiddam quod occultātur;There is something that is being concealed; Rosc. Am. 41.121quod quō studiōsius ab istīs opprimitur et absconditur, eō magis ēminet et appāret.and the more eagerly it is suppressed and hidden by these men, the more it stands out and appears. Rosc. Am. 41.121Quid igitur?What then?

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×2, purpose clauses ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (151 words)
etenim (conj.)for indeed, and in fact
quoniam, conj.since now, since
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
magister, -trī, m.master
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
nunc, adv.now
discipulus, -ī m.pupil, disciple
aequitās, -ātis f.fairness, justice
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
iam, adv.now, already
anteā, adv.before
saepe, adv.often, frequently
numerō (adv.)in number (saepe numerō: very often)
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
quaestiō, -ōnis f.inquiry, examination
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
semper, adv.always
recūsō, -cūsāre, -cūsāvī, -cūsātusgive a reason against, refuse
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
indignus, -a, -umunworthy; shameful
impetrō, -petrāre, -petrāvī, -petrātusgain one's end, obtain (a request)
an, conj.or (in questions)
nōn, adv.not
commoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove, rouse; disturb
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
inīquus, -a, -umuneven; unfair
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
homō, hominis, m.man
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
noster, -tra, -trumour
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
nōminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumname, mention
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
tālis, -esuch
que, enclitic conj.and
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
īnfēlīx, -fēlīcis, adj.unhappy, unfortunate
velor; vel … vel: either … or
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
cruciātus, -ūs, m.torture
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
pater, patris, m.father
mors, mortīs, f.death
porrō (adv.)further on; moreover
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrusbe or lie between
utrum (conj.)whether (utrum … an: whether … or)
maleficium, -ī n.harm, wrongdoing
cōnfiteor, -ērī, -fessus sumadmit, confess
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
ibīdem (adv.)in the same place, just there
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
attineō (adtineō), -ēre, -tinuī, -tentumhold fast; concern, matter (nihil attinet: it is no use, there is no point)
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
arguō, -ere, -uī, -ūtusshow up, expose; accuse, convict
pūrgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake clean, clean, cleanse
quod, conj.that, in that, because
vōsplur. of tū
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
suspīciōsus, -a, -umsuspicious, distrustful; arousing suspicion
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
honor, -ōris, m.honor
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
profectō, adv.certainly, surely
necesse, indecl. adj.necessary
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
sī, conj.if
perniciōsus, -a, -umdestructive, ruinous, dangerous
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
at, conj.but
enim, conj.for
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
cum, prep, with abl.with
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
urbānitās, -ātis f.city manners, refinement; wit, polished humour
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
omnis, -eall, every
dēliciae, -ārum f. pl.delights, luxuries, pleasures
ars, artis, f.art
puerulus, -ī m.little boy
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
tot (indecl.)so many
ēlegāns, -antisrefined, tasteful, elegant
familia, -ae f.household (incl. slaves and dependents)
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
volō, velle, voluīwish
versor, -ārī, -ātuskeep turning, be busy or employed, be
paene, adv.almost, nearly
operārius, -ī m.labourer, workman
Amerīnus, -a, -umof Ameria in Umbria
disciplīna, -ae f.training, discipline
rūsticānus, -a, -umcountry, rustic, of the countryside
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
adamō, -amāre, -amāvī, -amātusfeel love for, fall in love with
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
hūmānitās, -tātis f.culture, refinement
familiāris, -e; as noun, -is m.of the household (rēs familiāris: private property); friend
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
dīligentia, -ae, f.care, diligence, industry
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
occultō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumhide, conceal
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
studiōsē (adv.)eagerly, carefully
opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress against, overpower, crush
abscondō, -ere, -condī, -conditushide, conceal
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
ēmineō, -ēre, -uīstand out, project
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
igitur, conj.therefore
Cicero, Pro Roscio Amerino. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.