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Cicero · Pro Roscio Amerino

Pro Roscio 39

Betrayal of a public trust

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Rosc. Am. 39.1Ergō idcircō turpis haec culpa est, quod duās rēs sānctissimās violat, amīcitiam et fidem.This fault, then, is disgraceful for this reason, that it violates two most sacred things, friendship and good faith. Rosc. Am. 39.1Nam neque mandat quisquam ferē nisi amīcō neque crēdit nisi eī quem fidēlem putat.For hardly anyone gives a commission except to a friend, or trusts anyone except one whom he thinks faithful. Rosc. Am. 39.1Perditissimī est igitur hominis simul et amīcitiam dissolvere et fallere eum quī laesus nōn esset, nisi crēdidisset.It is the mark of a thoroughly abandoned man, therefore, at once to break up a friendship and to deceive one who would not have been harmed if he had not trusted. Rosc. Am. 39.113Itanē est?Is that so? Rosc. Am. 39.113in minimīs rēbus quī mandātum neglēxerit, turpissimō iūdiciō condemnētur necesse est, in rē tantā cum is cui fāma mortuī, fortūnae vīvī commendātae sunt atque concrēditae, ignōminiā mortuum, inopiā vīvum adfēcerit, is inter honestōs hominēs atque adeō inter vīvōs numerābitur?in the smallest matters the man who neglects a commission must be condemned in a most disgraceful trial; in a matter so great, when the man to whom the good name of the dead and the fortunes of the living were entrusted and committed has brought disgrace on the dead and destitution on the living, shall he be counted among honourable men, or indeed among the living at all?

Rosc. Am. 39.113In minimīs prīvātīsque rēbus etiam neglegentia in crīmen mandātī iūdiciumque īnfāmiae vocātur, proptereā quod, sī rēctē fīat, illum neglegere oporteat quī mandārit nōn illum quī mandātum recēperit;In the smallest private matters even negligence is brought into a charge of breach of commission and a trial involving infamy, because, if things are done rightly, it is the one who gave the commission who may be careless, not the one who accepted it; Rosc. Am. 39.113in rē tantā quae pūblicē gesta atque commissa sit quī nōn neglegentiā prīvātum aliquod commodum laeserit sed perfidiā lēgātiōnis ipsīus caerimōniam polluerit maculāque adfēcerit, quā is tandem poenā adficiētur aut quō iūdiciō damnābitur?in a matter so great, which was transacted and entrusted publicly, the man who has not harmed some private interest through negligence, but has polluted and stained by his treachery the sanctity of the embassy itself, with what penalty, pray, will he be punished, or by what trial condemned? Rosc. Am. 39.114sī hanc eī rem prīvātim Sex. Roscius mandāvisset ut cum Chrȳsogonō trānsigeret atque dēcideret, inque eam rem fidem suam, sī quid opus esse putāret, interpōneret, ille quī sēsē factūrum recēpisset, nōnne, sī ex eō negōtiō tantulum in rem suam convertisset, damnātus per arbitrum et rem restitueret et honestātem omnem āmitteret?if Sextus Roscius had entrusted this matter to him privately, to settle and come to terms with Chrysogonus, and to pledge his own credit for that purpose if he thought it at all necessary, would not the man who had undertaken to do it, if he had turned even a little of that business to his own profit, be condemned by an arbiter, and both restore the money and lose all his good name?

Rosc. Am. 39.115Nunc nōn hanc eī rem Sex. Roscius mandāvit sed, id quod multō gravius est, ipse Sex. Roscius cum fāmā vītā bonīsque omnibus ā decuriōnibus pūblicē T. Rosciō mandātus est;As it is, Sextus Roscius did not entrust this matter to him, but, what is much more serious, Sextus Roscius himself, with his reputation, his life and all his property, was entrusted publicly by the town councillors to Titus Roscius; Rosc. Am. 39.115et ex eō T. Roscius nōn paululum nesciō quid in rem suam convertit sed hunc funditus ēvertit bonīs, ipse tria praedia sibi dēpectus est, voluntātem decuriōnum ac mūnicipum omnium tantīdem quantī fidem suam fēcit.and out of this Titus Roscius has not turned some little thing or other to his own profit, but has turned my client out of his property root and branch, has bargained three estates for himself, and has valued the wishes of the councillors and of all the townsmen at exactly as much as his own good faith.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (130 words)
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
idcircō (adv.)for that reason
turpis, -edisgraceful
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
culpa, -ae f.fault, blame
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quod, conj.that, in that, because
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
sānctus, -a, -umconsecrated, sacred
violō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusharm, violate
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
nam, conj.for
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
mandō, -dāre, -dāvī, -dātusput in hand, intrust, commit; charge, command
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
nisi, conj.if not, unless
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
fidēlis, -efaithful, loyal
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
perditus, -a, -umabandoned, desperate
igitur, conj.therefore
homō, hominis, m.man
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
dissolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusloosen, break up; dissolūtus: lax, negligent
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsusdeceive
laedō, -ere, laesī, laesushurt, injure; break (an oath)
nōn, adv.not
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
mandātum, -ī n.order, instruction, message
neglegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusdisregard, neglect
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
condemnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscondemn; (+ gen.) convict of
necesse, indecl. adj.necessary
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
mortuus, -a, -umdead
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
commendō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusentrust, commit; recommend
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
concrēdō, -ere, -didī, -ditusentrust, commit (to)
ignōminia, -ae f.disgrace, dishonor
inopia, -ae f.lack, want, scarcity
adficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo to, move, affect; visit, afflict
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
honestus, -a, -umrespected, honourable
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
numerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscount, number; reckon, count as
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
que, enclitic conj.and
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
neglegentia, -ae f.carelessness, neglect
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
īnfāmia, -ae f.disgrace, dishonor
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
proptereāfor this reason; proptereā quod: because
sī, conj.if
rēctē (adv.)rightly, properly; safely
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
pūblicē (adv.)officially, as a state
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
commodum, -ī n.advantage, interest
sed, conj.but
perfidia, -ae f.treachery, bad faith
lēgātiō, -ōnis f.embassy, mission
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
caerimōnia, -ae f.sacred rite, ceremony
polluō, -ere, -uī, -ūtussoil, defile, desecrate
macula, -ae f.spot, blotch, stain
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
damnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcondemn
prīvātim (adv.)privately, as individuals
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
cum, prep, with abl.with
trānsigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctuscarry through, finish, settle
dēcidō, -cidere, -cidīfall down
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
opus, operis, n.work, task
interpōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput between; bring forward (an excuse)
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
nōnne, adv., introducing a question to which an affirmative answer is expectednot?
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
tantulus, -a, -umso small
convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
arbiter, -trī m.judge, umpire
restituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset up again, put back, restore
honestās, -ātis f.honor, integrity
omnis, -eall, every
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
nunc, adv.now
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
vīta, -ae, f.life
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
decuriō, -ōnis m.cavalry officer, decurion
paululum (adv.)a little, slightly
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
funditus (adv.)from the bottom, utterly
ēvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusoverturn, overthrow, destroy
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
praedium, -ī n.estate, farm
dēpacīscor (dēpecīscor), -ī, -pactus sumbargain for, strike a deal for
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
mūniceps, -cipis m.citizen of a municipium, townsman
tantundem (adv.)just so much, just as far
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
Cicero, Pro Roscio Amerino. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.