LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Cicero › Pro Roscio Amerino (For Sextus Roscius) › Pro Roscio 38

Cicero · Pro Roscio Amerino

Pro Roscio 38

Capito betrays the Amerian embassy

English onlyRead it word by word

Rosc. Am. 38.1Vēnit in decem prīmīs lēgātus in castra Capitō.Capito came to the camp as an envoy, one of the ten leading men. Rosc. Am. 38.1Vōs tōtam vītam nātūram mōrēsque hominis ex ipsā lēgātiōne cognōscite.Learn the whole life, nature and character of the man from that embassy itself. Rosc. Am. 38.1Nisi intellēxeritis, iūdicēs, nūllum esse officium, nūllum iūs tam sānctum atque integrum quod nōn eius scelus atque perfidia violārit et imminuerit, virum optimum esse eum iūdicātōte.Unless you come to understand, gentlemen, that there is no duty, no right so sacred and inviolate that his wickedness and treachery have not violated and impaired it, judge him to be the best of men. Rosc. Am. 38.110Impedīmentō est quō minus dē hīs rēbus Sulla doceātur, cēterōrum lēgātōrum cōnsilia et voluntātem Chrȳsogonō ēnūntiat, monet ut prōvideat nē palam rēs agātur, ostendit, sī sublāta sit vēnditiō bonōrum, illum pecūniam grandem āmissūrum, sēsē capitis perīculum aditūrum;He stands in the way of Sulla's being informed about these matters, discloses to Chrysogonus the plans and wishes of the other envoys, warns him to take care that the business is not done openly, shows him that, if the sale of the property were annulled, he would lose a great sum of money, and that Capito himself would run the risk of his life; Rosc. Am. 38.110illum acuere, hōs quī simul erant missī fallere, illum identidem monēre ut cavēret, hīsce īnsidiōsē spem falsam ostendere, cum illō contrā hōs inīre cōnsilia, hōrum cōnsilia illī ēnūntiāre, cum illō partem suam dēpecīscī, hīsce aliquā frētus morā semper omnīs aditūs ad Sullam interclūdere.he spurred the one on, deceived those who had been sent with him, warned the one again and again to be on his guard, treacherously held out false hope to these, laid plans with the one against these, disclosed these men's plans to the one, bargained with the one for his own share, and, relying on some pretext for delay, kept blocking every approach to Sulla for these.

Rosc. Am. 38.110Postrēmō istō hortātōre, auctōre, intercessōre ad Sullam lēgātī nōn adiērunt;In the end, with him as their adviser, instigator and intermediary, the envoys did not go to Sulla; Rosc. Am. 38.110istīus fidē ac potius perfidiā dēceptī, id quod ex ipsīs cognōscere poteritis, sī accūsātor voluerit testimōnium eīs dēnūntiāre, prō rē certā spem falsam domum rettulērunt.deceived by his good faith, or rather his bad faith, as you will be able to learn from the men themselves, if the prosecutor is willing to summon them as witnesses, they brought home false hope instead of a certainty. Rosc. Am. 38.110In prīvātīs rēbus sī quī rem mandātam nōn modo malitiōsius gessisset suī quaestūs aut commodī causā vērum etiam neglegentius, eum maiōrēs summum admīsisse dēdecus exīstimābant.In private affairs, if anyone had managed a commission entrusted to him not only rather dishonestly, for his own profit or advantage, but even rather carelessly, our ancestors considered that he had committed the greatest disgrace. Rosc. Am. 38.111Itaque mandātī cōnstitūtum est iūdicium nōn minus turpe quam fūrtī, crēdō, proptereā quod quibus in rēbus ipsī interesse nōn possumus, in eīs operae nostrae vicāria fidēs amīcōrum suppōnitur;And so a trial for breach of commission was established that is no less disgraceful than one for theft, I suppose because, in matters where we cannot ourselves be present, the good faith of our friends is put in place as a substitute for our own efforts; Rosc. Am. 38.111quam quī laedit, oppugnat omnium commūne praesidium et, quantum in ipsō est, disturbat vītae societātem.and whoever injures it attacks the common safeguard of all and, as far as lies in him, disrupts the fellowship of life.

Rosc. Am. 38.111Nōn enim possumus omnia per nōs agere;For we cannot do everything by ourselves; Rosc. Am. 38.111alius in aliā est rē magis ūtilis.one man is more useful in one thing, another in another. Rosc. Am. 38.111Idcircō amīcitiae comparantur ut commūne commodum mūtuīs officiīs gubernētur.That is why friendships are formed, so that the common advantage may be managed by mutual services. Rosc. Am. 38.112Quid recipis mandātum, sī aut neglēctūrus aut ad tuum commodum conversūrus es?Why do you accept a commission, if you are going either to neglect it or to turn it to your own advantage? Rosc. Am. 38.112cūr mihi tē offers ac meīs commodīs officiō simulātō officis et obstās?why do you offer yourself to me and, with a pretence of service, hinder and obstruct my interests? Rosc. Am. 38.112Recēde dē mediō;Stand out of the way; Rosc. Am. 38.112per alium trānsigam.I shall get it done through someone else. Rosc. Am. 38.112Suscipis onus officī quod tē putās sustinēre posse;You take up the burden of a duty which you think you can bear; Rosc. Am. 38.112quod maximē vidētur grave eīs quī minimē ipsī levēs sunt.a burden which seems heaviest to those who are themselves least light-minded.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×12, purpose clauses ×2, ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (186 words)
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
decem, indecl. adj.ten
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
vōsplur. of tū
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
vīta, -ae, f.life
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
que, enclitic conj.and
homō, hominis, m.man
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
lēgātiō, -ōnis f.embassy, mission
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
nisi, conj.if not, unless
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
officium, -ī, n.service; duty
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
tam, adv.so
sānctus, -a, -umconsecrated, sacred
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nōn, adv.not
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
perfidia, -ae f.treachery, bad faith
violō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusharm, violate
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
imminuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtuslessen, diminish; passive: go down
vir, virī, m.man
bonus, -a, -umgood
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
impedīmentum, -ī n.hindrance; (pl.) baggage
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
minus, comp. adv.less
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tusteach, explain
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
ēnūntiō, -nūntiāre, -nūntiāvī, -nūntiātusspeak out, announce, make known
moneō, -ēre, -uī, -ituswarn
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsumforesee; provide for
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
palam (adv.)openly, publicly
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
sī, conj.if
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
vēnditiō, -ōnis f.sale, selling
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
grandis, -elarge, big
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
caput, capitis, n.head
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
acuō, -ere, acuī, acūtussharpen; stimulate
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsusdeceive
identidem (adv.)again and again
caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautusbeware, take care; be on one's guard against, beware of
īnsidiōsē (adv.)treacherously, deceitfully
spēs, speī, f.hope
falsus, -a, -umfeigned, pretended, false
cum, prep, with abl.with
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
dēpacīscor (dēpecīscor), -ī, -pactus sumbargain for, strike a deal for
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
frētus, -a, -um (+ abl.)relying on
mora, -ae, f.delay
semper, adv.always
omnis, -eall, every
aditus, -ūs, m.approach, entrance
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
interclūdō, -ere, -clūsī, -clūsumcut off, block
postrēmō (adv.)finally, at last
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
hortātor, -ōris m.encourager, instigator
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
intercessor, -ōris m.one who vetoes, obstructor; mediator, guarantor
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
potius (adv.)rather
dēcipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptuscatch, deceive
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
accūsātor, -ōris m.accuser, prosecutor
volō, velle, voluīwish
testimōnium, -ī n.evidence, proof
dēnūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumannounce, declare; warn
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
mandō, -dāre, -dāvī, -dātusput in hand, intrust, commit; charge, command
modo, adv.only
malitiōsē (adv.)maliciously, wickedly, craftily
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
quaestus, -ūs m.gain, profit
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
commodum, -ī n.advantage, interest
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
neglegenter (adv.)carelessly
maiōrēs, -um m. pl.ancestors
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
admittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend to, admit; allow
dēdecus, -decoris, n.dishonor, disgrace
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
mandātum, -ī n.order, instruction, message
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
turpis, -edisgraceful
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
fūrtum, -ī, n.theft
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
proptereāfor this reason; proptereā quod: because
quod, conj.that, in that, because
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrusbe or lie between
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
noster, -tra, -trumour
vicārius, -ī m.substitute, deputy, successor
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
suppōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or put under
laedō, -ere, laesī, laesushurt, injure; break (an oath)
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
disturbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrow into disorder; demolish, wreck
societās, -ātis f.alliance, partnership
enim, conj.for
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
nōsplur. of ego
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
ūtilis, -euseful, advantageous
idcircō (adv.)for that reason
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
comparō, -parāre, -parāvī, -parātusprepare, collect
mūtuus, -a, -umborrowed, lent; mutual (pecūnia mūtua: a loan)
gubernō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussteer
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
neglegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusdisregard, neglect
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight
cūr, adv.why
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātusbear to, proffer, offer
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
simulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpretend
officiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectusget in the way of, hinder, obstruct (+ dat.)
obstō, -stāre, -stitīstand in the way, block, oppose (+ dat.)
recēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo back, withdraw, retire
medium, -ī n.the middle; in mediō: in the midst
trānsigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctuscarry through, finish, settle
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
onus, oneris n.load, weight
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
minimē, adv.least, very little; by no means, not at all
levis, -elight, slight
Cicero, Pro Roscio Amerino. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.