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Cicero · Pro Roscio Amerino

Pro Roscio 34

Titus Roscius and the messenger Glaucia

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Rosc. Am. 34.1Videāmus nunc strictim, sīcut cētera, quae post mortem Sex. Roscī abs tē, T. Roscī, facta sunt;Let us now look briefly, as with the rest, at what was done by you, Titus Roscius, after the death of Sextus Roscius; Rosc. Am. 34.1quae ita aperta et manifesta sunt ut mēdius fidius, iūdicēs, invītus ea dīcam.and these things are so open and manifest that, so help me, gentlemen of the jury, I shall speak of them unwillingly. Rosc. Am. 34.1Vereor enim, cuicuimodī es, T. Roscī, nē ita hunc videar voluisse servāre ut tibi omnīnō nōn pepercerim.For I fear, whatever sort of man you are, Titus Roscius, that I may seem to have wished to save my client in such a way as to have spared you not at all. Rosc. Am. 34.1Cum hoc vereor et cupiō tibi aliquā ex parte quod salvā fidē possim parcere, rūrsus immūtō voluntātem meam;While I fear this, and wish to spare you in some measure, as far as I can with good faith, I change my mind again; Rosc. Am. 34.1venit enim mihi in mentem ōris tuī.for your face comes into my mind.

Rosc. Am. 34.1Tēne, cum cēterī sociī tuī fugerent ac sē occultārent, ut hoc iūdicium nōn dē illōrum praedā sed dē huius maleficiō fierī vidērētur, potissimum tibi partīs istās dēpoposcisse ut in iūdiciō versārēre et sedērēs cum accūsātōre?Did you, when the rest of your partners were fleeing and hiding themselves, so that this trial might seem to be held not about their plunder but about my client's crime, demand that particular role for yourself above all, so that you might busy yourself in the trial and sit beside the prosecutor? Rosc. Am. 34.1Quā in rē nihil aliud adsequeris nisi ut ab omnibus mortālibus audācia tua cognōscātur et impudentia.In this you achieve nothing else but that your audacity and shamelessness become known to all mortals. Rosc. Am. 34.96Occīsō Sex. Rosciō quis prīmus Ameriam nūntiat?When Sextus Roscius had been killed, who first brought the news to Ameria? Rosc. Am. 34.96Mallius Glaucia, quem iam anteā nōmināvī, tuus cliēns et familiāris.Mallius Glaucia, whom I named earlier, your client and intimate friend. Rosc. Am. 34.96Quid attinuit eum potissimum nūntiāre quod, sī nūllum iam ante cōnsilium dē morte ac dē bonīs eius inierās nūllamque societātem neque sceleris neque praemī cum homine ūllō coierās, ad tē minimē omnium pertinēbat?What business was it of his, above all men, to report something which, if you had formed no plan beforehand concerning his death and his property, and had entered into no partnership either in crime or in reward with any man, concerned you least of all?

Rosc. Am. 34.96— Suā sponte Mallius nūntiat.— Mallius brings the news of his own accord. Rosc. Am. 34.96— Quid, quaesō, eius intererat?— What, I ask, was it to him? Rosc. Am. 34.96An, cum Ameriam nōn huiusce reī causā vēnisset, cāsū accidit ut id quod Rōmae audierat prīmus nūntiāret?Or, when he had come to Ameria for some other purpose, did it happen by chance that he was the first to report what he had heard at Rome? Rosc. Am. 34.96Cuius reī causā vēnerat Ameriam?For what purpose had he come to Ameria? Rosc. Am. 34.96"Nōn possum" inquit "dīvīnāre."'I cannot,' he says, 'guess.' Rosc. Am. 34.96Eō rem iam addūcam ut nihil dīvīnātiōne opus sit.I shall now bring the matter to the point where there is no need of guessing. Rosc. Am. 34.96Quā ratiōne T. Rosciō Capitōnī prīmō nūntiāvit?On what grounds did he bring the news first to Titus Roscius Capito? Rosc. Am. 34.96Cum Ameriae Sex. Roscī domus uxor līberīque essent, cum tot propinquī cognātīque optimē convenientēs, quā ratiōne factum est ut iste tuus cliēns, sceleris tuī nūntius, T. Rosciō Capitōnī potissimum nūntiāret?When Sextus Roscius' house, wife and children were at Ameria, when there were so many relatives and kinsmen on the best of terms with him, how did it come about that this client of yours, the messenger of your crime, brought the news to Titus Roscius Capito above all?

Rosc. Am. 34.97Occīsus est ā cēnā rediēns;He was killed returning from dinner; Rosc. Am. 34.97nōndum lūcēbat cum Ameriae scītum est.it was not yet light when it was known at Ameria. Rosc. Am. 34.97Quid hic incrēdibilis cursus, quid haec tanta celeritās festīnātiōque significat?What does this incredible run, what does this great speed and haste signify? Rosc. Am. 34.97Nōn quaerō quis percusserit;I do not ask who struck the blow; Rosc. Am. 34.97nihil est, Glaucia, quod metuās;there is nothing, Glaucia, for you to fear; Rosc. Am. 34.97nōn excutiō tē, sī quid forte ferrī habuistī, nōn scrūtor;I do not shake you out to see whether you happened to have some steel on you, I do not search you; Rosc. Am. 34.97nihil ad mē arbitror pertinēre;I think that has nothing to do with me; Rosc. Am. 34.97quoniam cuius cōnsiliō occīsus sit inveniō, cuius manū sit percussus nōn labōrō.since I discover by whose plan he was killed, I do not trouble myself about by whose hand he was struck. Rosc. Am. 34.97Vnum hoc sūmō quod mihi apertum tuum scelus rēsque manifesta dat: Vbi aut unde audīvit Glaucia?I take this one point, which your open crime and the manifest facts give me: where or from whom did Glaucia hear it?

Rosc. Am. 34.97quī tam citō scīvit?how did he know so quickly? Rosc. Am. 34.97Fac audīsse statim;Suppose he heard it at once; Rosc. Am. 34.97quae rēs eum nocte ūnā tantum itineris contendere coēgit?what compelled him to press on so long a journey in a single night? Rosc. Am. 34.97quae necessitās eum tanta premēbat ut, sī suā sponte iter Ameriam faceret, id temporis Rōmā proficīscerētur, nūllam partem noctis requiēsceret?what necessity pressed him so hard that, if he was making the journey to Ameria of his own accord, he set out from Rome at that hour and rested no part of the night?

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×3, ablative absolute ×1, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (176 words)
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
nunc, adv.now
strictim (adv.)briefly, superficially, in passing
sīcut (conj.)just as
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
mors, mortīs, f.death
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
apertus, -a, -umopen
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
manifestus, -a, -umplain, clear; caught in the act
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
invītus, -a, -umunwilling
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
enim, conj.for
cuicuimodī (adv.)of whatever kind, however it may be
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
volō, velle, voluīwish
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
omnīnō, adv.altogether, wholly, entirely
nōn, adv.not
parcō, -ere, pepercī, parsūrusspare, show mercy to (+ dat.)
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
quod, conj.that, in that, because
salvus, -a, -umsafe, unharmed
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
rūrsus, adv.again
immūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange, alter
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
occultō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumhide, conceal
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
sed, conj.but
maleficium, -ī n.harm, wrongdoing
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
potissimum (adv.)above all, in preference to all others
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
dēposcō, -ere, -poposcīdemand, call for
versor, -ārī, -ātuskeep turning, be busy or employed, be
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
cum, prep, with abl.with
accūsātor, -ōris m.accuser, prosecutor
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
adsequor, -sequī, -secūtus sumovertake; gain, achieve
nisi, conj.if not, unless
omnis, -eall, every
mortālis, -emortal
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
impudentia, -ae f.shamelessness, effrontery
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
iam, adv.now, already
anteā, adv.before
nōminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumname, mention
cliēns, -entis m.client, dependent
familiāris, -e; as noun, -is m.of the household (rēs familiāris: private property); friend
attineō (adtineō), -ēre, -tinuī, -tentumhold fast; concern, matter (nihil attinet: it is no use, there is no point)
sī, conj.if
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
que, enclitic conj.and
societās, -ātis f.alliance, partnership
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
praemium, -ī, n.reward
homō, hominis, m.man
ūllus, -a, -umany
coeō, -īre, -iī, -itumcome together, assemble
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
minimē, adv.least, very little; by no means, not at all
pertineō, -ēre, -uīextend, reach; tend toward, concern
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by meā, tuā, suāof one's own accord, voluntarily
quaesō (defective)I beg, please
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrusbe or lie between
an, conj.or (in questions)
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
dīvīnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusforetell, prophesy, divine; tell fortunes
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead to, bring, take; induce, influence
dīvīnātiō, -ōnis f.foreseeing the future, prophecy
opus, operis, n.work, task
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
prīmō, adv.at first
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
uxor, -ōris, f.wife
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
tot (indecl.)so many
propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f.near; (noun) relative
cognātus, -ī m.kinsman, relative
bene, adv.well; successfully
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
cēna, -ae, f.dinner
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
nōndum, adv.not yet
lūceō, -ēre, lūxīshine, give light
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
incrēdibilis, eincredible
cursus, -ūs, m.running, speed; course, route, voyage; race
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
celeritās, -tātis, f.swiftness, quickness, speed
festīnātiō, -ōnis f.haste, hurry
significō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumshow, indicate, signal
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
percutiō, -cutere, -cussī, -cussusstrike through, strike
metuō, -ere, metuīfear, be afraid of
excutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusshake off, shake out
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
scrūtor, -ārī, -ātus sumsearch, examine closely
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
quoniam, conj.since now, since
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
manus, -ūs, f.hand
labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslabor, toil
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
unde, adv.whence
tam, adv.so
citō (adv.; comp. citius)quickly, soon; citius: more quickly, without delay
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
nox, noctis, f.night
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
necessitās, -ātis f.necessity, compulsion
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
requiēscō, -ere, -quiēvī, -quiētumrest, take a rest
Cicero, Pro Roscio Amerino. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.