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Cicero · Pro Roscio Amerino

Pro Roscio 24

The Furies of a guilty conscience

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Rosc. Am. 24.1Vidētisne quōs nōbīs poētae trādidērunt patris ulcīscendī causā supplicium dē mātre sūmpsisse, cum praesertim deōrum immortālium iussīs atque ōrāculīs id fēcisse dīcantur, tamen ut eōs agitent Furiae neque cōnsistere umquam patiantur, quod nē piī quidem sine scelere esse potuērunt?Do you not see that those who, as the poets have handed down to us, punished their mother to avenge their father, even though they are said to have done it at the commands and oracles of the immortal gods, are nonetheless hounded by the Furies, who never let them stand still, because they could not be dutiful without being guilty? Rosc. Am. 24.1Sīc sē rēs habet, iūdicēs: magnam vim, magnam necessitātem, magnam possidet religiōnem paternus māternusque sanguis;This is how things stand, judges: a father's and a mother's blood holds great power, great constraint, great sanctity; Rosc. Am. 24.1ex quō sī qua macula concepta est, nōn modo ēluī nōn potest vērum ūsque eō permānat ad animum ut summus furor atque āmentia cōnsequātur.and if any stain is contracted from it, not only can it not be washed out, but it soaks through to the mind so deeply that the utmost frenzy and madness follow.

Rosc. Am. 24.67Nōlīte enim putāre, quem ad modum in fābulīs saepenumerō vidētis, eōs quī aliquid impiē scelerātēque commīserint agitārī et perterrērī Furiārum taedīs ārdentibus.For do not suppose, as you often see in plays, that those who have committed some impious and wicked deed are hounded and terrified by the blazing torches of the Furies. Rosc. Am. 24.67Sua quemque fraus et suus terror maximē vexat, suum quemque scelus agitat āmentiāque adficit, suae malae cōgitātiōnēs cōnscientiaeque animī terrent;It is his own guilt and his own terror that torments each man most; his own crime hounds each man and strikes him with madness; his own evil thoughts and the conscience of his mind terrify him; Rosc. Am. 24.67hae sunt impiīs adsiduae domesticaeque Furiae quae diēs noctēsque parentium poenās ā cōnscelerātissimīs fīliīs repetant.these are the unremitting Furies who dwell at home with the impious, and day and night exact from the most wicked sons the penalty due to their parents. Rosc. Am. 24.68Haec magnitūdō maleficī facit ut, nisi paene manifestum parricīdium prōferātur, crēdibile nōn sit, nisi turpis adulēscentia, nisi omnibus flāgitiīs vīta inquināta, nisi sūmptūs effūsī cum probrō atque dēdecore, nisi prōrupta audācia, nisi tanta temeritās ut nōn procul abhorreat ab īnsāniā.The enormity of this crime makes it incredible unless parricide almost caught in the act is brought forward, unless there is a disgraceful youth, unless a life stained with every outrage, unless lavish spending joined with shame and disgrace, unless audacity breaking all bounds, unless a rashness so great that it is not far removed from insanity.

Rosc. Am. 24.68Accēdat hūc oportet odium parentis, animadversiōnis paternae metūs, amīcī improbī, servī cōnsciī, tempus idōneum, locus opportūnē captus ad eam rem;There must be added to this hatred of the parent, fear of a father's punishment, wicked friends, slaves in the secret, a suitable time, a place conveniently chosen for the purpose; Rosc. Am. 24.68paene dīcam, respersās manūs sanguine paternō iūdicēs videant oportet, sī tantum facinus, tam immāne, tam acerbum crēditūrī sunt.I might almost say that the judges must see the hands spattered with a father's blood, if they are going to believe a deed so great, so monstrous, so bitter. Rosc. Am. 24.69Quā rē hoc quō minus est crēdibile, nisi ostenditur, eō magis est, sī convincitur, vindicandum.Therefore the less credible this is, unless it is proved, the more it must be punished, if it is established.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×2, purpose clauses ×3, indirect statement ×2, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (162 words)
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nōsplur. of ego
poēta, -ae, m.poet
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
pater, patris, m.father
ulcīscor, ulcīscī, ultusavenge
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
supplicium, -ī, n.punishment, torture
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
māter, mātris, f.mother
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
praesertim (adv.)especially
deus, -ī, m.god
immortālis, -eimmortal
iussum, -ī, n.order, command
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ōrāculum, -ī, n.oracle
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
furia, -ae f. (mostly pl.)rage, madness; the Furies, avenging spirits
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusstation oneself, take one's stand; consist
umquam, adv.ever
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
quod, conj.that, in that, because
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
pius, -a, -umdutiful, devoted, pious
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
sine, prep. with abl.without
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
sīc, adv.so, thus
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
necessitās, -ātis f.necessity, compulsion
possideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessushold, possess
religiō, -ōnis f.religious scruple, religious duty
paternus, -a, -umof a father, a father's
māternus, -a, -umof a mother, maternal
que, enclitic conj.and
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
macula, -ae f.spot, blotch, stain
concipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake in, conceive; plan, imagine
nōn, adv.not
modo, adv.only
ēluō, -ere, -luī, -lūtuswash out, wash away
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
ūsque, adv.all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
permānō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusflow through, spread, reach
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
furor, -ōris, m.rage, fury, frenzy, madness
āmentia, -ae, f.madness
cōnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, follow; overtake
nōlō, nōlle, nōluīnot wish, be unwilling
enim, conj.for
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
fābula, -ae, f.story
saepenumerō (adv.)often, time and again
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
impiē (inp-) (adv.)impiously, wickedly
scelerātē (adv.)wickedly, criminally
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
perterreō, -terrēre, -terrui, -territusthoroughly frighten, terrify
taeda, -ae f.pine torch; (often) the wedding torch, marriage
ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsusbe on fire, burn
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
fraus, fraudis, f.deception, fraud
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
vexō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumharass, ravage
adficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo to, move, affect; visit, afflict
malus, -a, -umbad
cōgitātiō, -ōnis f.thought, reflection; plan, intention
cōnscientia, -ae f.awareness; consciousness of guilt, guilty conscience
terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten, terrify
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
impius, -a, -umwicked, impious
assiduus, -a, -umconstant, unremitting
domesticus, -a, -umof one's own home, domestic
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
nox, noctis, f.night
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
cōnscelerātus, -a, -umwicked, criminal, villainous
fīlius, -ī, m.son
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
magnitūdō, -tūdinis, f.greatness, size
maleficium, -ī n.harm, wrongdoing
nisi, conj.if not, unless
paene, adv.almost, nearly
manifestus, -a, -umplain, clear; caught in the act
parricīdium, -ī n.murder of a parent; treason, murderous attack on one's country
prōferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbring forward, bring out
crēdibilis, -ecredible
turpis, -edisgraceful
adulēscentia, -ae, f.youth
omnis, -eall, every
flāgitium, -ī n.shameful act, disgrace, outrage
vīta, -ae, f.life
inquinō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspollute, soil, defile
sūmptus, -ūs m.expense
effundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour out
cum, prep, with abl.with
probrum, -ī n.disgrace, shame; probrō habērī: be counted a disgrace
dēdecus, -decoris, n.dishonor, disgrace
prōrumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptumburst forth
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
temeritās, -ātis f.rashness, recklessness
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
abhorreō, -ēre, -uīshrink back from; be inconsistent with, be foreign to (ā + abl.)
īnsānia, -ae, f.madness, insanity
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
hūc, adv.to this place, hither
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
odium, -ī, n.hatred
animadversiō, -ōnis f.notice; censure, punishment
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
improbus, -a, -umwicked, shameless; persistent, relentless; as noun: rogue
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
cōnscius, -a, -umaware, conscious (of)
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
idōneus, -a, -umsuitable, fit; favorable
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
opportūnē (adv.)at the right moment, conveniently
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
respergō, -ere, -spersī, -spersussprinkle, spatter
manus, -ūs, f.hand
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
tam, adv.so
immānis, -ehuge, enormous; savage
acerbus, -a, -umbitter, harsh, painful
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
minus, comp. adv.less
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
convincō, -ere, -vīcī, -victumprove guilty, expose
vindicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpunish; claim
Cicero, Pro Roscio Amerino. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.