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Cicero · Pro Roscio Amerino

Pro Roscio 18

Farming ancestors; the disinheritance claim

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Rosc. Am. 18.1Nē tū, Erucī, accūsātor essēs rīdiculus, sī illīs temporibus nātus essēs cum ab arātrō arcessēbantur quī cōnsulēs fierent.Truly, Erucius, you would be a ridiculous accuser if you had been born in those times when men were summoned from the plough to be made consuls. Rosc. Am. 18.1Etenim quī praeesse agrō colendō flāgitium putēs, profectō illum Atīlium quem suā manū spargentem sēmen quī missī erant convēnērunt hominem turpissimum atque inhonestissimum iūdicārēs.For since you think it a disgrace to oversee the cultivation of land, you would surely judge that famous Atilius, whom those who had been sent found sowing seed with his own hand, a most base and dishonourable man. Rosc. Am. 18.1At herculē maiōrēs nostrī longē aliter et dē illō et dē cēterīs tālibus virīs exīstimābant itaque ex minimā tenuissimāque rē pūblicā maximam et flōrentissimam nōbīs relīquērunt.But, by Hercules, our ancestors thought very differently both of him and of other such men, and so from a very small and humble state they left us one that is very great and flourishing. Rosc. Am. 18.1Suōs enim agrōs studiōsē colēbant, nōn aliēnōs cupidē appetēbant;For they zealously cultivated their own lands and did not greedily covet those of others; Rosc. Am. 18.1quibus rēbus et agrīs et urbibus et nātiōnibus rem pūblicam atque hoc imperium et populī Rōmānī nōmen auxērunt.and by these means they increased the state, this empire and the name of the Roman people with lands, cities and nations.

Rosc. Am. 18.51Neque ego haec eō prōferō quō cōnferenda sint cum hīsce dē quibus nunc quaerimus, sed ut illud intellegātur, cum apud maiōrēs nostrōs summī virī clārissimīque hominēs quī omnī tempore ad gubernācula reī pūblicae sedēre dēbēbant tamen in agrīs quoque colendīs aliquantum operae temporisque cōnsūmpserint, ignōscī oportēre eī hominī quī sē fateātur esse rūsticum, cum rūrī adsiduus semper vīxerit, cum praesertim nihil esset quod aut patrī grātius aut sibi iūcundius aut rē vērā honestius facere posset.Nor do I bring these things forward to compare them with those we are now inquiring into, but so that this may be understood: that since among our ancestors the greatest and most illustrious men, who ought at all times to have sat at the helm of the state, nevertheless spent a good deal of effort and time on cultivating their fields too, a man ought to be pardoned who admits that he is a countryman, since he has always lived constantly in the country, especially since there was nothing he could do that was more pleasing to his father or more agreeable to himself or in truth more honourable.

Rosc. Am. 18.52Odium igitur ācerrimum patris in fīlium ex hōc, opīnor, ostenditur, Erucī, quod hunc rūrī esse patiēbātur.So the father's bitter hatred for his son is shown, I suppose, Erucius, by the fact that he allowed him to be in the country. Rosc. Am. 18.52Numquid est aliud?Is there anything else? Rosc. Am. 18.52"Immō vērō" inquit "est;'Yes, indeed there is,' he says; Rosc. Am. 18.52nam istum exhērēdāre in animō habēbat."'for he had it in mind to disinherit him.' Rosc. Am. 18.52Audiō;I hear you; Rosc. Am. 18.52nunc dīcis aliquid quod ad rem pertineat;now you are saying something relevant to the matter; Rosc. Am. 18.52nam illa, opīnor, tū quoque concēdis levia esse atque inepta: "Convīvia cum patre nōn inībat."for those other points, I think, you too admit are trivial and silly: 'He did not go to banquets with his father.' Rosc. Am. 18.52Quippe, quī nē in oppidum quidem nisi perrārō venīret.Naturally, since he did not come even into the town except very rarely. Rosc. Am. 18.52"Domum suam istum nōn ferē quisquam vocābat."'Hardly anyone used to invite him to his house.' Rosc. Am. 18.52Nec mīrum, quī neque in urbe vīveret neque revocātūrus esset.No wonder, since he neither lived in the city nor was going to return the invitation.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×3, indirect statement ×3, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (157 words)
nae, nē (adv.)truly, indeed (always with a pronoun)
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
accūsātor, -ōris m.accuser, prosecutor
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
rīdiculus, -a, -umlaughable, absurd
sī, conj.if
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
arātrum, -ī n.plough
arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītuscall, summon, fetch
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
etenim (conj.)for indeed, and in fact
praesum, -esse, -fuībe before, preside over, have charge of, command
ager, agri, m.field, land
colō, colere, coluī, cultustill, cultivate; inhabit; worship
flāgitium, -ī n.shameful act, disgrace, outrage
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
profectō, adv.certainly, surely
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
manus, -ūs, f.hand
spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsusscatter, sprinkle
sēmen, sēminis n.seed
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
homō, hominis, m.man
turpis, -edisgraceful
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
inhonestus, -a, -umdishonourable, shameful
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
at, conj.but
hercle (interj.)by Hercules!, indeed
maiōrēs, -um m. pl.ancestors
noster, -tra, -trumour
longē, adv.far
aliter, adv.in another way, otherwise, differently
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
tālis, -esuch
vir, virī, m.man
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
tenuis, -ethin
que, enclitic conj.and
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
flōrēns, -entisflourishing, prosperous
nōsplur. of ego
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
enim, conj.for
studiōsē (adv.)eagerly, carefully
nōn, adv.not
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
cupidē (adv.; comp. cupidius)eagerly
appetō, -petere, -petīvī, -petītusdraw near
urbs, urbis, f.city
nātiō, -ōnis f.people, nation; birth
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
prōferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbring forward, bring out
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
cum, prep, with abl.with
nunc, adv.now
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
sed, conj.but
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
omnis, -eall, every
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
gubernāculum (gubernāclum), -ī n.rudder, helm
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
quoque, adv.also
aliquantum, -quantī, n.somewhat
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
cōnsūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake completely, use up, consume, spend
ignōscō, -ere, ignōvī, ignōtum (+ dat.)pardon, forgive
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
fateor, -ērī, fassus sumadmit, confess
rūsticus, -a, -umrural, of the country
rūs, rūris n.the country, countryside; (pl.) fields
assiduus, -a, -umconstant, unremitting
semper, adv.always
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
praesertim (adv.)especially
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
pater, patris, m.father
grātus, -a, -umpleasing, grateful
iūcundus, -a, -umsweet, pleasant
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
honestus, -a, -umrespected, honourable
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
odium, -ī, n.hatred
igitur, conj.therefore
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
fīlius, -ī, m.son
opīnor, -ārī, -ātus sumthink, suppose; ut opīnor: I imagine
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
quod, conj.that, in that, because
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
numquid (interrog. particle)surely not? can it be that ...? (expects 'no'); in later Latin also a simple question
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
immō (adv.)no rather, on the contrary; immō vērō: no, indeed, even
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
nam, conj.for
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
exhērēdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdisinherit
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
pertineō, -ēre, -uīextend, reach; tend toward, concern
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
levis, -elight, slight
ineptus, -a, -umfoolish, absurd, out of place
convīvium, -ī n.banquet, dinner party
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
quippe (adv.)of course, indeed, for
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
oppidum, -ī, n.town
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
nisi, conj.if not, unless
perrārō (adv.)very rarely
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
mīrus, -a, -umwonderful, strange
revocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcall back, recall
Cicero, Pro Roscio Amerino. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.