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Cicero · Pro Murena

Pro Murena 17

The fickleness of elections

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Mur. 17.1At enim in praetūrae petītiōne prior renūntiātus est Servius.But, you say, in the contest for the praetorship Servius was declared elected first. Mur. 17.1Pergitisne vōs tamquam ex syngraphā agere cum populō ut, quem locum semel honōris cuipiam dederit, eundem in reliquīs honōribus dēbeat?Are you going on to deal with the people as if under a written bond, so that whatever place in office it has once given to someone, it owes him the same place in all the remaining offices? Mur. 17.1Quod enim fretum, quem Eurīpum tot mōtūs, tantās, tam variās habēre putātis agitātiōnēs commūtātiōnēsque flūctuum, quantās perturbātiōnēs et quantōs aestūs habet ratiō comitiōrum?For what strait, what Euripus, do you think has so many movements, such great and such varied surges and shifts of the waves, as there are upheavals and tides in the workings of the elections? Mur. 17.1Diēs intermissus aut nox interposita saepe perturbat omnia, et tōtam opīniōnem parva nōn numquam commūtat aura rūmōris.A single day's interval or the coming of one night often throws everything into confusion, and sometimes a slight breath of rumour changes the whole of opinion.

Mur. 17.1Saepe etiam sine ūllā apertā causā fit aliud atque exīstimārīs, ut nōn numquam ita factum esse etiam populus admīrētur, quasi vērō nōn ipse fēcerit.Often, too, without any evident cause, something happens other than you had expected, so that sometimes even the people itself wonders that it happened so, as if it had not done it itself. Mur. 17.36Nihil est incertius volgō, nihil obscūrius voluntāte hominum, nihil fallācius ratiōne tōtā comitiōrum.Nothing is more uncertain than the crowd, nothing more obscure than men's inclinations, nothing more deceptive than the whole workings of the elections. Mur. 17.36Quis Philippum summō ingeniō, operā, grātiā, nōbilitāte ā Herenniō superārī posse arbitrātus est?Who thought that Philippus, with his supreme talent, effort, influence and nobility, could be beaten by Herennius? Mur. 17.36quis Catulum hūmānitāte, sapientiā, integritāte antecellentem ā Malliō?who thought that Catulus, outstanding in culture, wisdom and integrity, could be beaten by Mallius? Mur. 17.36quis Scaurum, hominem gravissimum, cīvem ēgregium, fortissimum senātōrem, ā Maximō?who thought that Scaurus, a man of the greatest weight, an excellent citizen, a most courageous senator, could be beaten by Maximus?

Mur. 17.36Nōn modo hōrum nihil ita fore putātum est sed, nē cum esset factum quidem, quā rē ita factum esset intellegī potuit.Not only was none of these outcomes expected, but even when it had happened, no one could understand why it had happened so. Mur. 17.36Nam, ut tempestātēs saepe certō aliquō caelī signō commoventur, saepe imprōvīsō nūllā ex certā ratiōne obscūrā aliquā ex causā concitantur, sīc in hāc comitiōrum tempestāte populārī saepe intellegās quō signō commōta sit, saepe ita obscūra causa est ut cāsū excitāta esse videātur.For just as storms are often stirred up by some definite sign in the sky, but often arise unexpectedly, for no definite reason, from some obscure cause, so in this popular storm of the elections you may often understand by what sign it was stirred, but often its cause is so obscure that it seems to have been roused by chance.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×1, indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (125 words)
at, conj.but
enim, conj.for
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
praetūra, -ae f.praetorship
petītiō, -ōnis f.thrust, attack; candidacy
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
renūntiō, -nūntiāre, -nūntiāvī, -nūntiātusbring back word, report, announce
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
pergō, -ere, perrēxī, perrēctumgo on, press on
vōsplur. of tū
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
syngrapha, -ae f.written bond, promissory note, contract
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
cum, prep, with abl.with
populus, -ī m.people, nation
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
semel (adv.)once (semel atque iterum: again and again)
honor, -ōris, m.honor
quispiam, quaepiam, quodpiamsomeone, something; any
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
fretum, -ī, n.strait
tot (indecl.)so many
mōtus, -ūs m.motion, movement; uprising
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
tam, adv.so
varius, -a, -umvarious
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
agitātiō, -ōnis f.rapid movement, brandishing
commūtātiō, -tiōnis, f.change
que, enclitic conj.and
flūctus, -ūs m.wave
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
perturbātiō, -ōnis f.confusion, disorder
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
aestus, -ūs m.heat; tide
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
intermittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missusleave off, interrupt; let pass; pass., be left between, intervene, elapse
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
nox, noctis, f.night
interpōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput between; bring forward (an excuse)
saepe, adv.often, frequently
perturbō, -turbāre, -turbāvi, -turbātusgreatly disturb, disturb, agitate, throw into confusion
omnis, -eall, every
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
opīniō, -ōnis, f.opinion, expectation; reputation
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
nōn, adv.not
numquam, adv.never
commūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumchange
aura, -ae, f.air, breeze
rūmor, -ōris m.rumour, report
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
sine, prep. with abl.without
ūllus, -a, -umany
apertus, -a, -umopen
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
admīror, -mīrārī, -mīrātuswonder at, admire
quasi, conj.as if
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
incertus, -a, -umuncertain, unreliable
vulgō (adv.)everywhere, commonly
obscūrus, -a, -umdark
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
homō, hominis, m.man
fallāx, -ācisdeceitful, treacherous
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
nōbilitās, -tātis f.the nobility
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
hūmānitās, -tātis f.culture, refinement
sapientia, -ae f.wisdom, good sense
integritās, -ātis f.uprightness, honesty
antecellō, -celleresurpass, excel
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
ēgregius, -a, -umoutstanding, excellent
fortis, -ebrave
senātor, -ōris m.senator, elder
modo, adv.only
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
sed, conj.but
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
nam, conj.for
tempestās, -tātis, f.weather; storm, tempest
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
commoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove, rouse; disturb
imprōvīsō (adv.)unexpectedly
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
concitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstir up, rouse
sīc, adv.so, thus
populāris, -eof the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician)
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
excitō, -citāre, -citāvī, -citātuscall out, arouse
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
Cicero, Pro Murena. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.