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Cicero · Pro Murena

Pro Murena 16

The war against Mithridates

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Mur. 16.1Ac sī mihi nunc dē rēbus gestīs esset nostrī exercitūs imperātōrisque dīcendum, plūrima et maxima proelia commemorāre possem;And if I now had to speak about the achievements of our army and its commander, I could recount a great many battles of the greatest importance; Mur. 16.1sed nōn id agimus.but that is not what we are about. Mur. 16.1Hoc dīcō: Sī bellum hoc, sī hic hostis, sī ille rēx contemnendus fuisset, neque tantā cūrā senātūs et populus Rōmānus suscipiendum putāsset neque tot annōs gessisset neque tantā glōriā L. Lūcullus, neque vērō eius bellī cōnficiendī exitum tantō studiō populus Rōmānus ad Pompeium dētulisset.This is what I say: if this war, if this enemy, if that king had deserved contempt, neither would the senate and the Roman people have thought it should be taken up with such concern, nor would Lucius Lucullus have waged it for so many years and with such glory, nor indeed would the Roman people have entrusted the task of bringing that war to an end to Pompey with such eagerness. Mur. 16.34Cuius ex omnibus pugnīs, quae sunt innumerābilēs, vel ācerrima mihi vidētur illa quae cum rēge commissa est et summā contentiōne pugnāta.Of all its battles, which are countless, the very fiercest seems to me the one that was joined with the king himself and fought out with the utmost exertion.

Mur. 16.34Quā ex pugnā cum sē ille ēripuisset et Bosphorum cōnfūgisset quō exercitus adīre nōn posset, etiam in extrēmā fortūnā et fugā nōmen tamen retinuit rēgium.When he had escaped from that battle and fled to the Bosporus, where no army could reach him, even in extreme misfortune and in flight he still kept the name of king. Mur. 16.34Itaque ipse Pompeius regnō possessō ex omnibus ōrīs ac notīs sēdibus hoste pulsō tamen tantum in ūnīus animā posuit ut, cum ipse omnia quae tenuerat, adierat, spērārat, victōriā possidēret, tamen nōn ante quam illum vīta expulit bellum cōnfectum iūdicārit.And so Pompey himself, though he had taken possession of the kingdom and driven the enemy from all its coasts and familiar haunts, nevertheless set so much store by the life of one man that, although he held by his victory everything that the king had held, had approached or had hoped for, he did not judge the war finished until he had driven him from life. Mur. 16.34Hunc tū hostem, Catō, contemnis quōcum per tot annōs tot proeliīs tot imperātōrēs bella gessērunt, cuius expulsī et ēiectī vīta tantī aestimāta est ut morte eius nūntiātā dēnique bellum cōnfectum arbitrārentur?Is this the enemy you despise, Cato, with whom so many generals waged wars in so many battles over so many years, whose life, even when he had been driven out and cast down, was valued so highly that only when his death was announced did they at last consider the war finished?

Mur. 16.34Hōc igitur in bellō Mūrēnam lēgātum fortissimī animī, summī cōnsilī, maximī labōris cognitum esse dēfendimus, et hanc eius operam nōn minus ad cōnsulātum adipīscendum quam hanc nostram forēnsem industriam dignitātis habuisse.In this war, then, we maintain that Murena as legate was recognised as a man of the bravest spirit, the soundest judgement and the greatest endurance, and that this service of his carried no less distinction towards winning the consulship than this industry of ours in the forum.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×5, ablative absolute ×3, indirect statement ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (119 words)
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
sī, conj.if
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
nunc, adv.now
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
noster, -tra, -trumour
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
que, enclitic conj.and
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
commemorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummention, recount
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
sed, conj.but
nōn, adv.not
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
bellum, -ī, n.war
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
rēx, rēgis, m.king
contemnō, -ere, -tempsī, -temptusdespise, scorn, think little of
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
senātus, -ūs m.senate
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
tot (indecl.)so many
annus, -ī, m.year
glōria, -ae, f.glory
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out
exitus, -ūs m.way out; outcome, end
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
omnis, -eall, every
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
innumerābilis, -ecountless
velor; vel … vel: either … or
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
cum, prep, with abl.with
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
contentiō, -ōnis f.struggle, dispute
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch out or away, rescue
cōnfugiō, -fugere, -fūgīflee for refuge
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
fuga, -ae, f.flight
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
rēgius, -a, -umroyal, kingly
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
regnum, -ī, n.royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm
possideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessushold, possess
ōra, -ae f.coast, shore
nōtus, -a, -umknown, well-known, famous
sēdēs, -is, f.seat, abode
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
anima, -ae, f.breath, soul, life
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
victōria, -ae, f.victory
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
vīta, -ae, f.life
expellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive out, expel
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
ēiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow out; sē ēicere: rush out
aestimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumvalue, reckon
mors, mortīs, f.death
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
igitur, conj.therefore
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
fortis, -ebrave
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
minus, comp. adv.less
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
adipīscor, -ī, adeptus sumobtain, win, gain
forēnsis, -eof the forum, of public business and the law courts
industria, -ae f.diligence, hard work
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
Cicero, Pro Murena. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.