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Cicero · Pro Murena

Pro Murena 15

The might of Mithridates

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Mur. 15.1Atquī sī dīligenter quid Mithridātēs potuerit et quid effēcerit et quī vir fuerit cōnsīderāris, omnibus quibuscum populus Rōmānus bellum gessit hunc rēgem nīmīrum antepōnēs.And yet if you consider carefully what Mithridates was able to do and what he accomplished and what sort of man he was, you will surely rank this king above all those with whom the Roman people has waged war. Mur. 15.1Quem Sulla maximō et fortissimō exercitū, pugnāx et ācer et nōn rudis imperātor, ut aliud nihil dīcam, cum bellō invectum tōtam in Asiam cum pāce dīmīsit;He was the man whom Sulla, with a very large and very brave army, being himself a combative, keen and by no means inexperienced commander, to say nothing more, let go in peace after he had invaded the whole of Asia in war; Mur. 15.1quem Mūrēna, pater huiusce, vehementissimē vigilantissimēque vexātum repressum magnā ex parte, nōn oppressum relīquit;whom Murena, this man's father, after harrying him most vigorously and watchfully, left largely checked but not crushed; Mur. 15.1quī rēx sibi aliquot annīs sūmptīs ad cōnfirmandās ratiōnēs et cōpiās bellī tantum spē cōnātūque valuit ut sē Oceanum cum Pontō, Sertōrī cōpiās cum suīs coniūnctūrum putāret.a king who, taking some years for himself to strengthen his plans and his resources for war, became so strong in hope and enterprise that he thought he would join the Ocean to the Pontus, and the forces of Sertorius to his own.

Mur. 15.33Ad quod bellum duōbus cōnsulibus ita missīs ut alter Mithridātem persequerētur, alter Bīthȳniam tuērētur, alterīus rēs et terrā et marī calamitōsae vehementer et opēs rēgis et nōmen auxērunt;To this war two consuls were sent, so that one should pursue Mithridates and the other protect Bithynia; the disasters of the latter on land and sea greatly increased both the king's resources and his name; Mur. 15.33Lūcullī vērō rēs tantae exstitērunt ut neque maius bellum commemorārī possit neque maiōre cōnsiliō et virtūte gestum.but the achievements of Lucullus were so great that no greater war could be recalled, nor one waged with greater skill and valour. Mur. 15.33Nam cum tōtīus impetus bellī ad Cyzicēnōrum moenia cōnstitisset eamque urbem sibi Mithridātēs Asiae iānuam fore putāsset quā effrāctā et revolsā tōta patēret prōvincia, perfecta ā Lūcullō haec sunt omnia ut urbs fidēlissimōrum sociōrum dēfenderētur et omnēs cōpiae rēgis diūturnitāte obsessiōnis cōnsūmerentur.For when the whole onslaught of the war had come to rest at the walls of Cyzicus, and Mithridates had thought that city would be for him the gateway to Asia, so that once it was broken open and torn down the whole province would lie open, all this was accomplished by Lucullus: that the city of our most faithful allies was defended and all the king's forces were worn away by the length of the siege.

Mur. 15.33Quid?What? Mur. 15.33illam pugnam nāvālem ad Tenedum, cum contentō cursū ācerrimīs ducibus hostium classis Ītaliam spē atque animīs īnflāta peteret, mediocrī certāmine et parvā dīmicātiōne commissam arbitrāris?that naval battle off Tenedos, when the enemy's fleet, under the keenest commanders, was making for Italy at full speed, swollen with hope and pride, do you think it was fought with a moderate struggle and slight combat? Mur. 15.33Mittō proelia, praetereō oppugnātiōnēs oppidōrum;I pass over the battles, I leave aside the sieges of towns; Mur. 15.33expulsus regnō tandem aliquandō tantum tamen cōnsiliō atque auctōritāte valuit ut sē rēge Armeniōrum adiūnctō novīs opibus cōpiīsque renovārit.driven at last from his kingdom, he still had such strength in counsel and authority that, by allying himself with the king of the Armenians, he renewed himself with fresh resources and forces.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, ablative absolute ×5, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (136 words)
atquī (conj.)and yet, but, well then
sī, conj.if
dīligenter, adv.carefully, diligently
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
vir, virī, m.man
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
cōnsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at closely, consider, think over
omnis, -eall, every
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
bellum, -ī, n.war
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
rēx, rēgis, m.king
nīmīrum (adv.)of course, no doubt, evidently (often ironic)
antepōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positusplace before; prefer
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
fortis, -ebrave
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
pugnāx, -ācisfond of fighting, warlike, combative; obstinate
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
nōn, adv.not
rudis, -eraw, rough; (of cloth) new, unshrunk
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
invehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectuscarry in; (pass.) attack (in words): invehī in + acc., to inveigh against
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
cum, prep, with abl.with
pāx, pācis f.peace
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
pater, patris, m.father
vehementer, adv.violently, vehemently; earnestly; exceedingly, greatly
vigilanter (adv.)watchfully; with greater effort
que, enclitic conj.and
vexō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumharass, ravage
reprimō, -ere, -pressī, -pressumhold back, check
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress against, overpower, crush
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
annus, -ī, m.year
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
cōnfirmō, -firmāre, -firmāvī, -firmātusstrengthen, establish; declare, assert
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
spēs, speī, f.hope
cōnātus, -ūs, m.attempt, effort
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
coniungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin together, join
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
persequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, pursue
tueor, -ērī, tuitus sumwatch over, protect, defend
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
mare, maris, n.sea
calamitōsus, -a, -umdisastrous, ruinous
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
exsistō, -ere, -stitīcome forth, arise; appear
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
commemorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummention, recount
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
nam, conj.for
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusstation oneself, take one's stand; consist
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
urbs, urbis, f.city
iānua, -ae, f.door
effringō, -ere, -frēgī, -frāctusbreak open, smash
revellō, -ere, revellī, revulsumpull away, tear off
pateō, -ēre, -uīlie open; extend, stretch
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo or make through, accomplish
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
fidēlis, -efaithful, loyal
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
diūturnitās, -ātis f.long duration
obsessiō, -ōnis f.blockade, siege
cōnsūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake completely, use up, consume, spend
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
nāvālis, -enaval, of ships
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
cursus, -ūs, m.running, speed; course, route, voyage; race
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
classis, -is f.fleet
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
īnflō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusblow into; inspire
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
mediocris, -emoderate, ordinary
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
dīmicātiō, -ōnis f.fight, struggle, combat
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
praetereō, -īre, -iī, -ituspass by
oppugnātiō, -ōnis f.siege, assault on a town
oppidum, -ī, n.town
expellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive out, expel
regnum, -ī, n.royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
aliquandō, adv.at some time or other; finally, at length
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
adiungo, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin to, join
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
renovō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumrenew
Cicero, Pro Murena. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.