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Cicero · Pro Milone

Pro Milone 9

Clodius plots against Milo

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Mil. 9.1Quam ob rem, iūdicēs, ut aliquandō ad causam crīmenque veniāmus, sī neque omnis cōnfessiō factī est inūsitāta, neque dē causā nostrā quicquam aliter ac nōs vellēmus ā senātū iūdicātum est, et lātor ipse lēgis, cum esset contrōversia nūlla factī, iūris tamen disceptātiōnem esse voluit, et eī lēctī iūdicēs, isque praepositus est quaestiōnī quī haec iūstē sapienterque disceptet, reliquum est, iūdicēs, ut nihil iam quaerere aliud dēbeātis nisi uter utrī īnsidiās fēcerit.Therefore, judges, to come at last to the case and the charge, if neither is every confession of a deed unusual, nor has anything been decided by the senate about our case otherwise than we would have wished, and if the proposer of the law himself, though there was no dispute about the deed, still wished there to be a debate on the right, and if judges have been chosen, and a man put in charge of the inquiry who will decide these questions justly and wisely, it remains, judges, that you should now inquire into nothing else but which of the two laid an ambush for the other. Mil. 9.1Quod quō facilius argūmentīs perspicere possītis, rem gestam vōbīs dum breviter expōnō, quaesō, dīligenter attendite.And so that you may perceive this more easily from the evidence, please pay careful attention while I briefly set out for you what happened.

Mil. 9.24P. Clōdius, cum statuisset omnī scelere in praetūrā vexāre rem pūblicam vidēretque ita trācta esse comitia annō superiōre ut nōn multōs mēnsīs praetūram gerere posset, quī nōn honōris gradum spectāret, ut cēterī, sed et L. Paulum conlēgam effugere vellet, singulārī virtūte cīvem, et annum integrum ad dīlacerandam rem pūblicam quaereret, subitō relīquit annum suum sēsēque in proximum trānstulit, nōn, ut fit, religiōne aliquā, sed ut habēret, quod ipse dīcēbat, ad praetūram gerendam, hoc est ad ēvertendam rem pūblicam, plēnum annum atque integrum.Publius Clodius, having resolved to harass the state with every kind of crime in his praetorship, and seeing that the elections had been so delayed the year before that he could not hold the praetorship for many months — since he did not look to the step in office, as others do, but wished both to escape having Lucius Paullus, a citizen of singular virtue, as his colleague, and was seeking a full year for tearing the state to pieces — suddenly abandoned his own year and transferred himself to the next, not, as happens, from some religious scruple, but in order to have, as he himself used to say, a full and complete year for holding the praetorship, that is, for overthrowing the state.

Mil. 9.25Occurrēbat eī mancam ac dēbilem praetūram futūram suam cōnsule Milōne;It occurred to him that his praetorship would be maimed and crippled with Milo as consul; Mil. 9.25eum porrō summō cōnsēnsū populī Rōmānī cōnsulem fierī vidēbat.and he saw, moreover, that Milo was being made consul with the overwhelming consent of the Roman people. Mil. 9.25Contulit sē ad eius competītōrēs, sed ita tōtam ut petītiōnem ipse sōlus etiam invītīs illīs gubernāret, tōta ut comitia suīs, ut dictitābat, umerīs sustinēret.He went over to Milo's rivals, but in such a way that he alone steered the whole canvass, even against their will, and carried the whole election, as he kept saying, on his own shoulders. Mil. 9.25Convocābat tribūs, sē interpōnēbat, Collīnam novam dīlēctū perditissimōrum cīvium cōnscrībēbat.He called the tribes together, thrust himself in as go-between, and enrolled a new Colline tribe by a levy of the most abandoned citizens. Mil. 9.25Quantō ille plūra miscēbat, tantō hic magis in diēs convalēscēbat.The more confusion he stirred up, the stronger Milo grew day by day. Mil. 9.25Vbi vīdit homō ad omne facinus parātissimus fortissimum virum, inimīcissimum suum, certissimum cōnsulem, idque intellēxit nōn sōlum sermōnibus, sed etiam suffrāgiīs populī Rōmānī saepe esse dēclārātum, palam agere coepit et apertē dīcere occīdendum Milōnem.When that man, so ready for every crime, saw that the bravest of men, his bitterest enemy, was most certain to be consul, and realised that this had often been declared not only in the talk but also in the votes of the Roman people, he began to act openly and to say plainly that Milo must be killed.

Mil. 9.26Servōs agrestīs et barbarōs, quibus silvās pūblicās dēpopulātus erat Etrūriamque vexārat, ex Appennīnō dēdūxerat, quōs vidēbātis.He had brought down from the Apennines rustic and barbarous slaves, with whom he had ravaged the public forests and harassed Etruria; you used to see them. Mil. 9.26Rēs erat minimē obscūra.The matter was by no means obscure. Mil. 9.26Etenim dictitābat palam cōnsulātum Milōnī ēripī nōn posse, vītam posse.Indeed he kept saying openly that the consulship could not be taken from Milo, but his life could. Mil. 9.26Significāvit hoc saepe in senātū, dīxit in contiōne;He hinted at this often in the senate, and said it in the assembly; Mil. 9.26quīn etiam M. Favōniō, fortissimō virō, quaerentī ex eō quā spē fureret Milōne vīvō, respondit trīduō illum aut summum quadrīduō esse peritūrum;indeed, when Marcus Favonius, a very brave man, asked him what hope fed his madness while Milo was alive, he replied that within three or at most four days Milo would be dead; Mil. 9.26quam vōcem eius ad hunc M. Catōnem statim Favōnius dētulit.and Favonius at once reported this remark of his to Marcus Cato here.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×2, purpose clauses ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×4, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (193 words)
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
aliquandō, adv.at some time or other; finally, at length
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
que, enclitic conj.and
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
sī, conj.if
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
omnis, -eall, every
cōnfessiō, -ōnis f.confession, admission
factum, -ī n.deed, act
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
inūsitātus, -a, -umunusual, extraordinary
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
noster, -tra, -trumour
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
aliter, adv.in another way, otherwise, differently
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
nōsplur. of ego
volō, velle, voluīwish
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
senātus, -ūs m.senate
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
lātor, -ōris m.proposer (of a law)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
lēx, lēgis f.law
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
contrōversia, -ae, f.quarrel, dispute, debate
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
disceptātiō, -ōnis f.dispute, debate; case for decision
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
praepōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput in command of
quaestiō, -ōnis f.inquiry, examination
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
iūstē (adv.)justly, rightly
sapienter (adv.)wisely
disceptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdebate, dispute; settle a dispute
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
iam, adv.now, already
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
nisi, conj.if not, unless
uter, utra, utrumwhich? of two
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
facile, adv.easily
argūmentum, -ī n.proof, evidence
perspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumsee clearly, observe
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
vōsplur. of tū
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
breviter (adv.)briefly, in a few words
expōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain
quaesō (defective)I beg, please
dīligenter, adv.carefully, diligently
attendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusturn one's mind to, pay attention, notice
statuō, statuere, statuī, statūtuscause to stand; decide, resolve
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
praetūra, -ae f.praetorship
vexō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumharass, ravage
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
annus, -ī, m.year
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
nōn, adv.not
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
mēnsis, -is m.month
honor, -ōris, m.honor
gradus, -ūs m.step, stage; rank
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at or on
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
sed, conj.but
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
effugio, -fugere, -fūgīflee out or away, escape
singulāris, -esingle; remarkable
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
dīlacerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustear to pieces, rend apart
subitō, adv.unexpectedly, suddenly
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
trānsferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātuscarry across, transfer
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
religiō, -ōnis f.religious scruple, religious duty
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
ēvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusoverturn, overthrow, destroy
plēnus, -a, -umfull
occurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun against, meet
mancus, -a, -ummaimed, crippled; defective, powerless
dēbilis, -eweak, crippled, helpless
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
porrō (adv.)further on; moreover
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
cōnsēnsus, -ūs, m.agreement, consent
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
competītor, -ōris m.rival candidate
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
petītiō, -ōnis f.thrust, attack; candidacy
sōlus, -a, -umalone
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
invītus, -a, -umunwilling
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
gubernō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussteer
dictitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuskeep saying, say again and again
umerus, -ī, m.shoulder
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
convocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātuscall together, summon, assemble
tribus, -ūs f.tribe, one of the divisions of the Roman people
interpōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput between; bring forward (an excuse)
Collīnus, -a, -umof the Quirinal hill; porta Collīna: the Colline Gate
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
dīlēctus, -ūs m.levy, recruitment of soldiers; dīlēctum habēre: hold a levy
perditus, -a, -umabandoned, desperate
cōnscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptumenlist, enroll
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
convalēscō, -ere, -valuīgrow strong, recover
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
homō, hominis, m.man
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
parātus, -a, -umprepared, equipped, ready
fortis, -ebrave
vir, virī, m.man
inimīcus, -a, -umunfriendly, hostile
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
suffrāgium, -ī n.vote
saepe, adv.often, frequently
dēclārō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake clear, declare
palam (adv.)openly, publicly
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
apertē (adv.)openly, plainly
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
agrestis, -eof the country, rustic; boorish
barbarus, -a, -umbarbarian
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
dēpopulor, -ārī, -ātus sumlay waste, ravage
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship
minimē, adv.least, very little; by no means, not at all
obscūrus, -a, -umdark
etenim (conj.)for indeed, and in fact
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch out or away, rescue
vīta, -ae, f.life
significō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumshow, indicate, signal
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
spēs, speī, f.hope
furō, -ererage, rave, be mad
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
trīduum, -ī n.three days
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
summum (adv.)at most, at the very most
quadrīduum, -ī n.period of four days
pereō, -īre, -ii, -itūruspass away, perish
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
Cicero, Pro Milone. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes II (Oxford, 1918), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.