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Cicero · Pro Milone

Pro Milone 10

The encounter on the Appian Way

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Mil. 10.1Interim cum scīret Clōdius—neque enim erat id difficile scīre ā Lānuvīnīs —iter sollemne, lēgitimum, necessārium ante diem xiii Kalendās Februāriās Milōnī esse Lānuvium ad flāminem prōdendum, quod erat dictātor Lānuvī Milō, Rōmā subitō ipse profectus prīdiē est ut ante suum fundum, quod rē intellēctum est, Milōnī īnsidiās conlocāret;Meanwhile, since Clodius knew — for it was not difficult to learn it from the people of Lanuvium — that Milo had a customary, legally required and necessary journey to make to Lanuvium on the thirteenth day before the Kalends of February to appoint a flamen, because Milo was dictator of Lanuvium, he himself suddenly set out from Rome the day before, in order, as was understood from the event, to lay an ambush for Milo in front of his own estate; Mil. 10.1atque ita profectus est ut contiōnem turbulentam in quā eius furor dēsīderātus est, quae illō ipsō diē habita est, relinqueret, quam, nisi obīre facinoris locum tempusque voluisset, numquam relīquisset.and he set out in such a way that he abandoned a turbulent assembly, held on that very day, in which his madness was missed, an assembly which he would never have abandoned had he not wished to be at the place and time of the crime.

Mil. 10.28Milō autem cum in senātū fuisset eō diē quoad senātus est dīmissus, domum vēnit, calceōs et vestīmenta mūtāvit, paulisper, dum sē uxor, ut fit, comparat, commorātus est, Dein profectus id temporis cum iam Clōdius, sī quidem eō diē Rōmam ventūrus erat, redīre potuisset.Milo, on the other hand, having been in the senate that day until the senate was dismissed, came home, changed his shoes and clothes, waited a little while his wife, as happens, got herself ready, and then set out at a time when Clodius, if indeed he had been going to come to Rome that day, could already have returned. Mil. 10.28Obviam fit eī Clōdius, expedītus, in equō, nūllā raedā, nūllīs impedīmentīs, nūllīs Graecīs comitibus, ut solēbat, sine uxōre, quod numquam ferē: cum hic īnsidiātor, quī iter illud ad caedem faciendam apparāsset, cum uxōre veherētur in raedā, paenulātus, magnō et impedītō et muliebrī ac dēlicātō ancillārum puerōrumque comitātū.Clodius meets him, travelling light, on horseback, with no carriage, no baggage, no Greek companions, as he usually had, without his wife, which was almost never the case: while this waylayer, who had arranged that journey to commit murder, was riding in a carriage with his wife, wrapped in a travelling cloak, with a large, cumbersome, womanish and dainty retinue of maids and boys.

Mil. 10.29Fit obviam Clōdiō ante fundum eius hōrā ferē ūndecimā aut nōn multō secus.He meets Clodius in front of Clodius's estate at about the eleventh hour, or not far off it. Mil. 10.29Statim complūrēs cum tēlīs in hunc faciunt dē locō superiōre impetum;At once a number of men with weapons make an attack on him from higher ground; Mil. 10.29adversī raedārium occīdunt.those in front kill the driver. Mil. 10.29Cum autem hic dē raedā rēiectā paenulā dēsiluisset sēque ācrī animō dēfenderet, illī quī erant cum Clōdiō gladiīs ēductīs, partim recurrere ad raedam ut ā tergō Milōnem adorīrentur, partim, quod hunc iam interfectum putārent, caedere incipiunt eius servōs quī post erant;But when Milo had thrown back his cloak, leapt down from the carriage and was defending himself with a keen spirit, those who were with Clodius drew their swords, and some began to run back to the carriage to attack Milo from behind, while others, because they thought he was already killed, began to cut down his slaves who were behind; Mil. 10.29ex quibus quī animō fidēlī in dominum et praesentī fuērunt, partim occīsī sunt, partim, cum ad raedam pugnārī vidērent, dominō succurrere prohibērentur, Milōnem occīsum et ex ipsō Clōdiō audīrent et rē vērā putārent, fēcērunt id servī Milōnis—dīcam enim apertē nōn dērīvandī crīminis causā, sed ut factum est—nec imperante nec sciente nec praesente dominō, quod suōs quisque servōs in tālī rē facere voluisset.of these, those who were loyal and resolute in spirit towards their master were partly killed; and partly, since they saw that there was fighting at the carriage, were prevented from helping their master, and heard from Clodius himself that Milo had been killed and really believed it, those slaves of Milo did — I shall say it openly, not to divert the charge, but as it happened — without their master ordering it, or knowing it, or being present, what each man would have wished his own slaves to do in such a situation.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×3, purpose clauses ×2, indirect statement ×4, ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (153 words)
interim (adv.)meanwhile
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
enim, conj.for
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
difficilis, -enot easy, difficult
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
sollemnis, -esolemn, ritual, customary
lēgitimus, -a, -umlawful, legal, prescribed by law
necessārius, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m.necessary, critical; (noun) close friend, relative
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
Roman numerala number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000
Kalendae, -ārum f. pl.the Kalends (1st day of the month)
Februārius, -a, -umof February (Nōnae Februāriae: 5 February)
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
flāmen, -inis m.flamen, priest of one particular god
prōdō, -ere, -didī, -ditumhand down; betray
quod, conj.that, in that, because
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
subitō, adv.unexpectedly, suddenly
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
prīdiē (adv.)the day before
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
fundus, -ī m.bottom, depths
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
conlocō, -locāre, -locāvī, -locātusplace together, put, place
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
turbulentus, -a, -umdisorderly, unruly
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
furor, -ōris, m.rage, fury, frenzy, madness
dēsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslong for, miss; require
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
nisi, conj.if not, unless
obeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to meet; attend to, carry out
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
que, enclitic conj.and
volō, velle, voluīwish
numquam, adv.never
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
senātus, -ūs m.senate
quoad (conj.)as long as; until
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
calceus, -ī, m.shoe
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
vestīmentum, -ī n.garment, clothing
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
paulisper (adv.)for a short time
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
uxor, -ōris, f.wife
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
comparō, -parāre, -parāvī, -parātusprepare, collect
commoror, -morārī, -morātustarry, linger, delay, stay
deinde, adv.then, next
iam, adv.now, already
sī, conj.if
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
obviam, adv.in the way, opposite, face to face; obviam fierī, to meet; obviam īre, to go to meet
expediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfree, set clear; get ready; arrange, settle
equus, -ī, m.horse
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
raeda, -ae f.wagon, carriage
impedīmentum, -ī n.hindrance; (pl.) baggage
comes, -itis, m. and f.companion
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
sine, prep. with abl.without
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
īnsidiātor, -ōris m.a man lying in ambush; (pl.) the ambushers
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
apparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusprepare, get ready
cum, prep, with abl.with
vehō, vehere, vexī, vectuscarry
paenulātus, -a, -umwearing a travelling cloak
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
muliebris, -eof a woman, womanly; (n. pl.) a woman's part
dēlicātus, -a, -umdainty, pampered, effeminate
ancilla, -ae f.maidservant, slave girl
puer, puerī, m.boy
comitātus, -ūs m.escort, retinue, company
hōra, -ae, f.hour
ūndecimus, -a, -umeleventh
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
nōn, adv.not
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
secus (prep. + acc.)beside, along
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj.several, many
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
raedārius, -ī m.coachman
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
rēiciō, -ere, rēiēcī, rēiectumthrow back, drive back
paenula, -ae f.hooded travelling cloak, rain cloak
dēsiliō, -silīre, -siluī, -sultusleap down
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
gladius, -ī, m.sword
ēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead out, draw
partim (adv.)partly (partim … partim: some … others)
recurrō, -ere, -currīrun back, return, come round again
tergum, -ī, n.back
adorior, -īrī, adortus sumattack
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptumbegin
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
fidēlis, -efaithful, loyal
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
succurrō, -ere, -currī, -cursumrun to help, aid
prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold back, prevent, hinder
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
apertē (adv.)openly, plainly
dērīvō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdraw off, divert (water)
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
sed, conj.but
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
tālis, -esuch
Cicero, Pro Milone. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes II (Oxford, 1918), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.