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Cicero · Pro Milone

Pro Milone 7

Great men murdered without special inquiries

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Mil. 7.1Domī suae nōbilissimus vir, senātūs prōpugnātor atque illīs quidem temporibus paene patrōnus, avunculus huius iūdicis nostrī fortissimī virī, M. Catōnis, tribūnus plēbis M. Drūsus occīsus est.In his own home a man of the highest nobility, the champion of the senate and in those times almost its patron, the uncle of this very brave man among our judges, Marcus Cato, the tribune of the plebs Marcus Drusus, was killed. Mil. 7.1Nihil dē eius morte populus cōnsultus est, nūlla quaestiō dēcrēta ā senātū est.The people were not consulted at all about his death; no inquiry was decreed by the senate. Mil. 7.1Quantum lūctum fuisse in hāc urbe ā nostrīs patribus accēpimus, cum P. Āfricānō domī suae quiēscentī illa nocturna vīs esset inlāta?How great was the grief in this city, as we have heard from our fathers, when that violence by night was inflicted on Publius Africanus as he rested in his own home? Mil. 7.1Quis tum nōn ingemuit, quis nōn ārsit dolōre, quem immortālem, sī fierī posset, omnēs esse cuperent, eius nē necessāriam quidem exspectātam esse mortem?Who did not groan then, who did not burn with indignation, that the man whom all wished to be immortal, had it been possible, had not even been allowed to await his natural death?

Mil. 7.1Num igitur ūlla quaestiō dē Āfricānī morte lāta est?Was any inquiry, then, proposed concerning the death of Africanus? Mil. 7.1Certē nūlla.Certainly none. Mil. 7.17Quid ita?Why so? Mil. 7.17Quia nōn aliō facinore clārī hominēs, aliō obscūrī necantur.Because famous men are not killed by one kind of crime and obscure men by another. Mil. 7.17Intersit inter vītae dignitātem summōrum atque īnfimōrum;Let there be a difference between the standing in life of the highest and of the lowest; Mil. 7.17mors quidem inlāta per scelus īsdem et poenīs teneātur et lēgibus.but death inflicted through crime should be subject to the same penalties and the same laws. Mil. 7.17Nisi forte magis erit parricīda, sī quī cōnsulārem patrem quam sī quī humilem necārit, aut eō mors atrōcior erit P. Clōdī quod is in monumentīs maiōrum suōrum sit interfectus—hoc enim ab istīs saepe dīcitur— proinde quasi Appius ille Caecus viam mūnierit, nōn quā populus ūterētur, sed ubi impūne suī posterī latrōcinārentur!Unless perhaps a man will be more of a parricide if he kills a father of consular rank than if he kills a humble one, or the death of Publius Clodius will be more atrocious because he was killed among the monuments of his ancestors — for this is often said by those people — just as if the famous Appius the Blind built his road not for the people to use, but for his descendants to commit robbery on it with impunity!

Mil. 7.18Itaque in eādem istā Appiā cum ōrnātissimum equitem Rōmānum P. Clōdius M. Papīrium occīdisset, nōn fuit illud facinus pūniendum—homō enim nōbilis in suīs monumentīs equitem Rōmānum occīderat—nunc eiusdem Appiae nōmen quantās tragoediās excitat!And so, when on that same Appian Way Publius Clodius had killed a most distinguished Roman knight, Marcus Papirius, that crime was not to be punished — for a nobleman had killed a Roman knight among his own family's monuments — yet now what tragic scenes the name of that same Appian Way stirs up! Mil. 7.18Quae cruentāta anteā caede honestī atque innocentis virī silēbātur, eadem nunc crēbrō ūsurpātur, posteā quam latrōnis et parricīdae sanguine imbūta est.The road which, when it was stained earlier with the blood of an honourable and innocent man, was passed over in silence, is now constantly on men's lips, since it has been soaked in the blood of a brigand and parricide. Mil. 7.18Sed quid ego illa commemorō?But why do I recall those things? Mil. 7.18Comprehēnsus est in templō Castoris servus P. Clōdī, quem ille ad Cn. Pompeium interficiendum conlocārat.A slave of Publius Clodius was arrested in the temple of Castor, whom Clodius had posted there to kill Gnaeus Pompey.

Mil. 7.18Extorta est eī cōnfitentī sīca dē manibus.The dagger was wrenched from his hands as he confessed. Mil. 7.18Caruit forō posteā Pompeius, caruit senātū, caruit pūblicō;After that Pompey kept away from the forum, kept away from the senate, kept away from public places; Mil. 7.18iānuā sē ac parietibus, nōn iūre lēgum iūdiciōrumque tēxit.he protected himself with his door and walls, not with the rights of the laws and the courts. Mil. 7.19Num quae rogātiō lāta, num quae nova quaestiō dēcrēta est?Was any bill proposed, was any new inquiry decreed? Mil. 7.19Atquī sī rēs, sī vir, sī tempus ūllum dignum fuit, certē haec in illā causā summa omnia fuērunt.And yet, if any matter, any man, any occasion was ever worthy of it, surely all these were at their highest in that case. Mil. 7.19Īnsidiātor erat in forō conlocātus atque in vestibulō ipsō senātūs;An assassin had been posted in the forum and in the very forecourt of the senate; Mil. 7.19eī virō autem mors parābātur cuius in vītā nītēbātur salūs cīvitātis;and death was being prepared for that man on whose life the safety of the state depended; Mil. 7.19eō porrō reī pūblicae tempore quō, sī ūnus ille occīdisset, nōn haec sōlum cīvitās sed gentēs omnēs concidissent.and moreover at such a crisis of the state that, if that one man had fallen, not only this state but all nations would have fallen.

Mil. 7.19Nisi vērō, quia perfecta rēs nōn est, nōn fuit pūnienda, proinde quasi exitūs rērum, nōn hominum cōnsilia lēgibus vindicentur.Unless indeed, because the deed was not carried out, it ought not to have been punished, just as if the laws punished the outcomes of actions and not the intentions of men. Mil. 7.19Minus dolendum fuit rē nōn perfectā, sed pūniendum certē nihilō minus.There was less cause for grief, since the deed was not carried out, but certainly no less cause for punishment. Mil. 7.20Quotiēns ego ipse, iūdicēs, ex P. Clōdī tēlīs et ex cruentīs eius manibus effūgī!How often, judges, have I myself escaped from the weapons of Publius Clodius and from his bloody hands! Mil. 7.20ex quibus sī mē nōn vel mea vel reī pūblicae fortūna servāsset, quis tandem dē interitū meō quaestiōnem tulisset?and if either my own fortune or that of the state had not saved me from them, who, pray, would have proposed an inquiry into my death?

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×5, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (195 words)
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
vir, virī, m.man
senātus, -ūs m.senate
prōpugnātor, -ōris m.defender, fighter on the walls
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
paene, adv.almost, nearly
patrōnus, -ī m.patron, protector
avunculus, -ī m.uncle (mother's brother)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
noster, -tra, -trumour
fortis, -ebrave
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
mors, mortīs, f.death
populus, -ī m.people, nation
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
quaestiō, -ōnis f.inquiry, examination
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
lūctus, -ūs m.grief, mourning
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
urbs, urbis, f.city
pater, patris, m.father
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
quiēscō, -ere, quiēvī, quiētusrest, keep quiet
nocturnus, -a, -umof night, nocturnal; nocturnum tempus, night-time
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
tum, adv.then, at that time
nōn, adv.not
ingemō, -ere, -gemuīgroan, sigh
ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsusbe on fire, burn
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
immortālis, -eimmortal
sī, conj.if
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
omnis, -eall, every
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
necessārius, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m.necessary, critical; (noun) close friend, relative
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
num, adv., introducing a question to which a negative answer is expecteduntranslatable
igitur, conj.therefore
ūllus, -a, -umany
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
quia (conj.)because
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
homō, hominis, m.man
obscūrus, -a, -umdark
necō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusput to death, slay, kill
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrusbe or lie between
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
vīta, -ae, f.life
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
īnfimus, -a, -umlowest (īnfimus collis: the foot of the hill)
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
lēx, lēgis f.law
nisi, conj.if not, unless
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
parricīda, -ae m.murderer of a parent; traitor, assassin
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
humilis, -elow; humble, poor
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
quod, conj.that, in that, because
monumentum, -ī n.memorial, monument; record
maiōrēs, -um m. pl.ancestors
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
enim, conj.for
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
saepe, adv.often, frequently
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
proinde (adv.)therefore, accordingly; so then
quasi, conj.as if
via, -ae, f.road, way
mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfortify
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
sed, conj.but
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
impūne (adv.)without punishment
posterī, -ōrum m. pl.descendants, posterity
latrōcinor, -ārī, -ātus sumbe a bandit, live by robbery
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
ōrnātus, -a, -umequipped, fitted out
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
pūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītuspunish
nunc, adv.now
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
tragoedia, -ae f.tragedy; (fig.) bombast, theatrical fuss
excitō, -citāre, -citāvī, -citātuscall out, arouse
cruentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstain with blood
anteā, adv.before
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
honestus, -a, -umrespected, honourable
innocēns, -entisharmless; innocent
sileō, -ēre, -uībe silent; pass over in silence
crēbrō (adv.)often, again and again
ūsurpō, -āre, -āvī, -ātususe, employ; put into practice
posteā, adv.after this, afterwards
latrō, -ōnis, m.robber
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
imbuō, -buere, -buī, -būtuswet, soak, dip
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
commemorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummention, recount
comprehendō, -prehendere, -prehendī, -prehēnsusseize, catch
templum, -ī, n.sanctuary, temple
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
collocō (conlocō), -āre, -āvī, -ātumplace, station; give in marriage
extorqueō, -ēre, -torsī, -tortuswrench away, extort
cōnfiteor, -ērī, -fessus sumadmit, confess
sīca, -ae f.dagger
manus, -ūs, f.hand
careō, -ēre, -uībe without, lack (+ abl.)
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
pūblicum, -ī n.open street, public place
iānua, -ae, f.door
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
pariēs, -etis m.wall (of a house)
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
que, enclitic conj.and
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
rogātiō, -ōnis f.proposed law, bill (put to the people)
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
atquī (conj.)and yet, but, well then
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
īnsidiātor, -ōris m.a man lying in ambush; (pl.) the ambushers
conlocō, -locāre, -locāvī, -locātusplace together, put, place
vestibulum, -ī n.forecourt, entrance hall
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
nītor, -ī, nīxus sum (+ abl.)rely on
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
porrō (adv.)further on; moreover
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
concidō, -ere, concidīfall down, collapse
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo or make through, accomplish
exitus, -ūs m.way out; outcome, end
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
vindicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpunish; claim
minus, comp. adv.less
doleō, -ēre, doluī, dolitumgrieve, be pained
nihilō (adv.)by nothing; nihilō minus: none the less, nevertheless
quotiēns (adv.)how many times; as often as
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
cruentus, -a, -umbloody, blood-stained
effugio, -fugere, -fūgīflee out or away, escape
velor; vel … vel: either … or
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
interitus, -ūs m.destruction, death
Cicero, Pro Milone. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes II (Oxford, 1918), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.