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Cicero · Pro Milone

Pro Milone 34

Milo's farewell to his fellow citizens

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Mil. 34.1Sed iam satis multa dē causā, extrā causam etiam nimis fortasse multa.But I have now said enough about the case, and outside the case perhaps even too much. Mil. 34.1Quid restat nisi ut ōrem obtesterque vōs, iūdicēs, ut eam misericordiam tribuātis fortissimō virō quam ipse nōn implōrat, ego etiam repugnante hōc et implōrō et exposcō?What remains except for me to beg and implore you, judges, to grant to this bravest of men the pity which he himself does not implore, but which I, even against his will, both implore and demand? Mil. 34.1Nōlīte, sī in nostrō omnium flētū nūllam lacrimam aspēxistis Milōnis, sī voltum semper eundem, sī vōcem, sī ōrātiōnem stabilem ac nōn mūtātam vidētis, hōc minus eī parcere: haud sciō an multō etiam sit adiuvandus magis.Do not, if amid the weeping of all of us you have seen not a tear of Milo's, if you see his face always the same, his voice and his speech steady and unchanged, spare him any the less on that account: I rather think he deserves to be helped all the more. Mil. 34.1Etenim sī in gladiātōriīs pugnīs et in īnfimī generis hominum condiciōne atque fortūnā timidōs et supplicēs et ut vīvere liceat obsecrantīs etiam ōdisse solēmus, fortīs et animōsōs et sē ācriter ipsōs mortī offerentīs servārī cupimus, eōrumque nōs magis miseret quī nostram misericordiam nōn requīrunt quam quī illam efflāgitant, quantō hoc magis in fortissimīs cīvibus facere dēbēmus!For if in gladiatorial fights, and in the condition and fortune of men of the lowest kind, we are accustomed even to hate the timid and suppliant who beg to be allowed to live, but wish the brave and spirited who eagerly offer themselves to death to be saved, and we pity more those who do not seek our pity than those who demand it, how much more ought we to do this in the case of the bravest citizens!

Mil. 34.93Mē quidem, iūdicēs, exanimant et interimunt hae vōcēs Milōnis quās audiō adsiduē et quibus intersum cōtīdiē.As for me, judges, I am stricken and slain by these words of Milo, which I hear constantly and in whose company I am every day. Mil. 34.93"Valeant," inquit "valeant cīvēs meī;'Farewell,' he says, 'farewell, my fellow citizens; Mil. 34.93sint incolumēs, sint flōrentēs, sint beātī;may they be safe, may they flourish, may they be happy; Mil. 34.93stet haec urbs praeclāra mihique patria cārissima, quōquō modō erit merita dē mē;may this famous city stand, my country so dear to me, however it shall have treated me; Mil. 34.93tranquillā rē pūblicā meī cīvēs, quoniam mihi cum illīs nōn licet, sine mē ipsī, sed propter mē tamen perfruantur.may my fellow citizens, since I may not do so with them, enjoy the state in tranquillity without me, but still thanks to me. Mil. 34.93Ego cēdam atque abībō.I shall withdraw and depart. Mil. 34.93Sī mihi bonā rē pūblicā fruī nōn licuerit, at carēbō malā, et quam prīmum tetigerō bene morātam et līberam cīvitātem, in eā conquiēscam.If I may not enjoy a good state, at least I shall be spared a bad one, and as soon as I reach a well-ordered and free community, there I shall rest.' Mil. 34.93" "Ō frūstrā" inquit "meī susceptī labōrēs, ō spēs fallācēs, ō cōgitātiōnēs inānēs meae!'O my labours undertaken in vain,' he says, 'O deceitful hopes, O empty plans of mine!

Mil. 34.94Ego cum tribūnus plēbis rē pūblicā oppressā mē senātuī dedissem quem exstīnctum accēperam, equitibus Rōmānīs quōrum vīrēs erant dēbilēs, bonīs virīs quī omnem auctōritātem Clōdiānīs armīs abiēcerant, mihi umquam bonōrum praesidium dēfutūrum putārem?When, as tribune of the plebs, with the state oppressed, I had devoted myself to the senate, which I had found extinguished, to the Roman knights, whose strength was feeble, to the good men, who had cast away all their authority before the arms of Clodius, should I ever have thought that the protection of good men would fail me? Mil. 34.94Ego cum tē"—mēcum enim saepissimē loquitur—"patriae reddidissem, mihi putārem in patriā nōn futūrum locum?When I had restored you' — for he very often talks to me — 'to your country, should I have thought there would be no place in my country for me? Mil. 34.94Vbi nunc senātus est quem secūtī sumus, ubi equitēs Rōmānī illī, illī" inquit "tuī?Where now is the senate, which we followed, where are those Roman knights, those,' he says, 'of yours? Mil. 34.94ubi studia mūnicipiōrum, ubi Ītaliae vōcēs, ubi dēnique tua, M. Tullī, quae plūrimīs fuit auxiliō, vōx atque dēfēnsiō?where is the zeal of the towns, where the voices of Italy, where finally is your voice and defence, Marcus Tullius, which has been a help to so many?

Mil. 34.94Mihine ea sōlī quī prō tē totiēns mortī mē obtulī nihil potest opitulārī?"Can it be of no help to me alone, who have so often faced death for you?'

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×1, indirect statement ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (185 words)
sed, conj.but
iam, adv.now, already
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
extrā (prep. + acc.)outside, beyond
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
nimis (adv.)too much, too
fortasse (adv.)perhaps
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
restō, -āre, restitīstay behind, remain
nisi, conj.if not, unless
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
ōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusspeak; beg, pray
obtestor, -testārī, -testātuscall to witness; beseech, implore
que, enclitic conj.and
vōsplur. of tū
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
misericordia, -ae, f;pity, compassion
tribuō, -ere, tribuī, tribūtumassign, attribute
fortis, -ebrave
vir, virī, m.man
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
nōn, adv.not
implōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumbeg for, appeal for
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
repugnō, -pugnāre, -pugnāvī, -pugnātusfight against, struggle, resist
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
exposcō, -ere, -poposcīdemand earnestly, call for
nōlō, nōlle, nōluīnot wish, be unwilling
sī, conj.if
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
noster, -tra, -trumour
omnis, -eall, every
flētus, -ūs m.weeping
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
lacrima, -ae, f.tear
aspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectuslook at or on, behold
vultus, -ūs m.face, expression
semper, adv.always
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
stabilis, -efirm, steady, lasting
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
minus, comp. adv.less
parcō, -ere, pepercī, parsūrusspare, show mercy to (+ dat.)
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
an, conj.or (in questions)
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
adiuvō, -āre, adiūvī, adiūtumhelp, assist
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
etenim (conj.)for indeed, and in fact
gladiātōrius, -a, -umof gladiators; lūdus gladiātōrius: gladiator school
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
īnfimus, -a, -umlowest (īnfimus collis: the foot of the hill)
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
homō, hominis, m.man
condiciō, -ōnis f.terms; condition, status
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
timidus, -a, -umfearful, timid
supplex, -icisbegging, as a suppliant
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
obsecrō, -secrāre, -secrāvī, -secrātusbeseech, entreat
ōdī, ōdisse, used only in tenses of completed action with the force of tenses of incomplete actionhate
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
animōsus, -a, -umhigh-spirited, bold, proud
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ācriter, adv.sharply, fiercely
mors, mortīs, f.death
offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātusbear to, proffer, offer
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
nōsplur. of ego
miseret, -ēre, miseruit (impers.)it moves to pity; me miseret tui: I pity you
requīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītuslook for, ask after; need
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
efflāgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdemand urgently, call for
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
exanimō, -animāre, -animāvī, -animātusput out of breath, fatigue, tire, exhaust; stupefy; kill
interimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptusdo away with, kill
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
assiduē (adv.)constantly, continually
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrusbe or lie between
cottīdiē, adv.daily, every day
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
incolumis, -eunhurt, safe
flōreō, -ēre, -uīflourish, be prosperous
beātus, -a, -umhappy, blessed
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
urbs, urbis, f.city
praeclārus, -clāra, -clārumvery bright; splendid, remarkable, famous
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
cārus, -a, -umdear, precious
quōquō, adv.to whatever place (quōquō versus: in every direction)
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
mereor, -ērī, meritus sumdeserve; (dē) do service to
tranquillus, -a, -umcalm
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
quoniam, conj.since now, since
cum, prep, with abl.with
sine, prep. with abl.without
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
perfruor, -fruī, -frūctus sumenjoy to the full (+ abl.)
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
bonus, -a, -umgood
fruor, -ī, frūctus sum (+ abl.)enjoy
at, conj.but
careō, -ēre, -uībe without, lack (+ abl.)
malus, -a, -umbad
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
tangō, tangere, tetigī, tāctustouch
bene, adv.well; successfully
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
līber, lībera, līberumfree
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
conquiēscō, -ere, -quiēvī, -quiētusrest, take rest
ō (interj.)O! oh!
frūstrā, adv.in vain
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
spēs, speī, f.hope
fallāx, -ācisdeceitful, treacherous
cōgitātiō, -ōnis f.thought, reflection; plan, intention
inānis, -eempty
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress against, overpower, crush
senātus, -ūs m.senate
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
exstinguō, -ere, -stīnxī, -stīnctusput out, extinguish; destroy
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
dēbilis, -eweak, crippled, helpless
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
Clōdiānus, -a, -umof Clodius, Clodian
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
abiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow away
umquam, adv.ever
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
enim, conj.for
saepe, adv.often, frequently
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
nunc, adv.now
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
mūnicipium, -ī n.municipium, a self-governing Italian town with Roman citizenship
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
dēfēnsiō, -ōnis f.defence
sōlus, -a, -umalone
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
totiēns (adv.)so often, so many times
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
opitulor, -ārī, -ātus sumbring help, relieve (+ dat.)
Cicero, Pro Milone. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes II (Oxford, 1918), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.