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Cicero · Pro Milone

Pro Milone 33

The burning of the senate house

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Mil. 33.1Hīc dī immortālēs, ut suprā dīxī, mentem illī perditō ac furiōsō dedērunt ut huic faceret īnsidiās.At this point the immortal gods, as I said above, put it into the mind of that desperate madman to lay an ambush for Milo. Mil. 33.1Aliter perīre pestis illa nōn potuit;In no other way could that plague have perished; Mil. 33.1numquam illum rēs pūblica suō iūre esset ulta.the state would never have avenged itself on him by its own right. Mil. 33.1Senātus, crēdō, praetōrem eum circumscrīpsisset.The senate, I suppose, would have restrained him as praetor. Mil. 33.1Nē cum solēbat quidem id facere, in prīvātō eōdem hōc aliquid prōfēcerat.Not even when it used to do that had it achieved anything against this same man as a private citizen. Mil. 33.89An cōnsulēs in praetōre coercendō fortēs fuissent?Or would the consuls have been brave in restraining a praetor? Mil. 33.89Prīmum Milōne occīsō habuisset suōs cōnsulēs;First, with Milo killed, he would have had his own consuls; Mil. 33.89deinde Quis in eō praetōre cōnsul fortis esset per quem tribūnum virtūtem cōnsulārem crūdēlissimē vexātam esse meminisset?next, what consul would be brave against a praetor by whom, as tribune, he remembered that consular courage had been most cruelly harassed?

Mil. 33.89Oppressisset omnia, possidēret, tenēret;He would have overwhelmed everything, he would possess it, he would hold it; Mil. 33.89lēge novā, quae est inventa apud eum cum reliquīs lēgibus Clōdiānīs, servōs nostrōs lībertōs suōs effēcisset;by a new law, which was found at his house with the rest of the Clodian laws, he would have made our slaves his own freedmen; Mil. 33.89postrēmō, nisi eum dī immortālēs in eam mentem impulissent ut homō effēminātus fortissimum virum cōnārētur occīdere, hodiē rem pūblicam nūllam habērētis.finally, had the immortal gods not driven him to the idea that he, an effeminate man, should try to kill the bravest of men, you would have no state today. Mil. 33.90An ille praetor, ille vērō cōnsul, sī modo haec templa atque ipsa moenia stāre eō vīvō tam diū et cōnsulātum eius exspectāre potuissent, ille dēnique vīvus malī nihil fēcisset cui mortuō ūnus ex suīs satellitibus cūriam incenderit?Would that man as praetor, or still more as consul — if only these temples and the very walls could have stood so long while he lived and awaited his consulship — would that man, in short, have done no harm while alive, when, after his death, one of his henchmen set fire to the senate house?

Mil. 33.90Quō quid miserius, quid acerbius, quid lūctuōsius vīdimus?What have we seen more wretched than that, more bitter, more mournful? Mil. 33.90templum sānctitātis, amplitūdinis, mentis, cōnsilī pūblicī, caput urbis, āram sociōrum, portum omnium gentium, sēdem ab ūniversō populō concessam ūnī ōrdinī, īnflammārī, exscindī, fūnestārī, neque id fierī ā multitūdine imperītā, quamquam esset miserum id ipsum, sed ab ūnō?that the temple of holiness, of dignity, of wisdom, of public counsel, the head of the city, the altar of the allies, the haven of all nations, the seat granted by the whole people to one order, should be set on fire, torn down, defiled, and that this should be done not by an ignorant mob, though even that would be wretched, but by one man? Mil. 33.90Quī cum tantum ausus sit ūstor prō mortuō, quid signifer prō vīvō nōn esset ausūrus?When he dared so much as burner for a dead man, what would he not have dared as standard-bearer for a living one? Mil. 33.90In cūriam potissimum abiēcit, ut eam mortuus incenderet quam vīvus ēverterat.He threw him into the senate house of all places, so that dead he might burn the building he had overturned while alive.

Mil. 33.91Et sunt quī dē viā Appiā querantur, taceant dē cūriā, et quī ab eō spīrante forum putent potuisse dēfendī, cuius nōn restiterit cadāverī cūria?And are there people who complain about the Appian Way and say nothing about the senate house, and who think that the forum could have been defended against him while he breathed, when the senate house could not withstand his corpse? Mil. 33.91Excitāte, excitāte ipsum, sī potestis, ā mortuīs: frangētis impetum vīvī cuius vix sustinētis furiās īnsepultī?Raise him, raise him from the dead, if you can: will you break the onslaught of the living man, when you can scarcely withstand the fury of his unburied corpse? Mil. 33.91Nisi vērō sustinuistis eōs quī cum facibus ad cūriam concurrērunt, cum fascibus ad Castoris, cum gladiīs tōtō forō volitāvērunt.Unless indeed you withstood those who ran to the senate house with torches, to the temple of Castor with the fasces, and flew about the whole forum with swords. Mil. 33.91Caedī vīdistis populum Rōmānum, contiōnem gladiīs disturbārī, cum audīrētur silentiō M. Caelius, tribūnus plēbis, vir et in rē pūblicā fortissimus, in susceptā causā firmissimus, et bonōrum voluntātī, auctōritātī senātūs dēditus, et in hāc Milōnis sīve invidiā sīve fortūnā, singulārī, dīvīnā, incrēdibilī fidē.You saw the Roman people being slaughtered, a public meeting broken up with swords, while Marcus Caelius, tribune of the plebs, was being heard in silence, a man most courageous in public life, most steadfast in a cause once undertaken, devoted to the wishes of good men and the authority of the senate, and, in this odium or misfortune of Milo's, of singular, divine, incredible loyalty.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×1, ablative absolute ×1, indirect statement ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (187 words)
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
deus, -ī, m.god
immortālis, -eimmortal
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
suprā, adv. and prep. with acc.above, before
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
perditus, -a, -umabandoned, desperate
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
furiōsus, -a, -umraging, mad, frenzied
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
aliter, adv.in another way, otherwise, differently
pereō, -īre, -ii, -itūruspass away, perish
pestis, -is f.plague, pest; ruin, destruction
nōn, adv.not
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
numquam, adv.never
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ulcīscor, ulcīscī, ultusavenge
senātus, -ūs m.senate
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
praetor, -ōris m.praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
circumscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptusdraw a line around; limit, confine
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
prōficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumaccomplish, make progress
an, conj.or (in questions)
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
coerceō, -ēre, coercuī, coercitumrestrain, keep in check
fortis, -ebrave
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
deinde, adv.then, next
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
crūdēliter (adv.)cruelly
vexō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumharass, ravage
meminī, meminisseremember
opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress against, overpower, crush
omnis, -eall, every
possideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessushold, possess
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
lēx, lēgis f.law
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
cum, prep, with abl.with
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
Clōdiānus, -a, -umof Clodius, Clodian
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
noster, -tra, -trumour
lībertus, -ī m.freedman (a former slave, in relation to his former master)
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
postrēmō (adv.)finally, at last
nisi, conj.if not, unless
impellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive or urge on, incite, urge
homō, hominis, m.man
effēminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake womanish, weaken
vir, virī, m.man
cōnor, -ārī, -ātustry, attempt
hodiē (adv.)today
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
sī, conj.if
modo, adv.only
templum, -ī, n.sanctuary, temple
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
tam, adv.so
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
mortuus, -a, -umdead
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
satelles, -itis m.attendant, henchman, accomplice
cūria, -ae f.senate house
incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsumset on fire, burn
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
acerbus, -a, -umbitter, harsh, painful
lūctuōsus, -a, -ummournful, causing grief
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
sānctitās, -ātis f.holiness, sanctity; purity, integrity
amplitūdō, -inis f.size, greatness
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
caput, capitis, n.head
urbs, urbis, f.city
āra, -ae, f.altar
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
portus, -ūs, m.harbor, haven, port
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
sēdēs, -is, f.seat, abode
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ūniversus, -a, -umall together, whole, entire, all
populus, -ī m.people, nation
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
īnflammō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset on fire; inflame, excite
exscindō, -ere, -scidī, -scissusdestroy utterly, raze
fūnestō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspollute with death or murder
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
imperītus, -a, -uminexperienced, unskilled, ignorant
quamquam, conj.however much, although
sed, conj.but
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
ūstor, -ōris m.corpse-burner
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
signifer, -ferī m.standard-bearer
potissimum (adv.)above all, in preference to all others
abiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow away
morior, morī, mortuusdie
ēvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusoverturn, overthrow, destroy
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
via, -ae, f.road, way
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
taceō, -ēre, -uī, -itusbe silent
spīrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbreathe; (of wind) blow
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
cadāver, -eris, n.dead body, corpse, carcass
excitō, -citāre, -citāvī, -citātuscall out, arouse
frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctusbreak; dash to pieces, wreck
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
furia, -ae f. (mostly pl.)rage, madness; the Furies, avenging spirits
īnsepultus, -a, -umunburied
fax, facis, f.torch, firebrand
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
concurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun, rush, or dash together
fascis, -is m.bundle; pl. fascēs: the rods and axe carried before a magistrate
gladius, -ī, m.sword
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
volitō, -āre, -āvīfly about; flit, swagger about
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
disturbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrow into disorder; demolish, wreck
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
silentium, -ī n.silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
firmus, -a, -umstrong, steadfast
bonus, -a, -umgood
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive away or up
sīve or seu, conj.or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
singulāris, -esingle; remarkable
dīvīnus, -a, -umdivine, of the gods
incrēdibilis, eincredible
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
Cicero, Pro Milone. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes II (Oxford, 1918), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.