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Cicero · Pro Milone

Pro Milone 31

The gods' hand in Clodius' death

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Mil. 31.1Est, est illa vīs profectō, neque in hīs corporibus atque in hāc imbēcillitāte nostrā īnest quiddam quod vigeat et sentiat, nōn īnest in hōc tantō nātūrae tamque praeclārō mōtū.There is, there surely is such a power; and it is not the case that in these bodies and in this weakness of ours there is something that lives and feels, but not in this so great and so splendid movement of nature. Mil. 31.1Nisi forte idcircō nōn putant quia nōn appāret nec cernitur, proinde quasi nostram ipsam mentem quā sapimus, quā prōvidēmus, quā haec ipsa agimus ac dīcimus, vidēre ac plānē quālis aut ubi sit sentīre possīmus.Unless perhaps they do not believe it because it does not appear and is not seen, just as if we could see our own mind itself, by which we are wise, by which we foresee, by which we do and say these very things, and perceive clearly what it is like or where it is. Mil. 31.1Ea vīs igitur ipsa quae saepe incrēdibilīs huic urbī fēlīcitātēs atque opēs attulit illam perniciem exstīnxit ac sustulit, cui prīmum mentem iniēcit ut vī inrītāre ferrōque lacessere fortissimum virum audēret vincerēturque ab eō quem sī vīcisset habitūrus esset impūnitātem et licentiam sempiternam.That very power, then, which has often brought incredible prosperity and wealth to this city, has destroyed and removed that plague, by first putting it into his mind to dare to provoke the bravest of men with violence and to attack him with the sword, and to be defeated by the man by defeating whom he would have gained impunity and licence for ever.

Mil. 31.85Nōn est hūmānō cōnsiliō, nē mediocrī quidem, iūdicēs, deōrum immortālium cūrā rēs illa perfecta.Not by human design, judges, nor even by any ordinary care of the immortal gods, was that deed accomplished. Mil. 31.85Regiōnēs mē herculē ipsae quae illam bēluam cadere vīdērunt, commōsse sē videntur et iūs in illō suum retinuisse.The very regions, by Hercules, which saw that beast fall seem to have stirred themselves and asserted their rights over him. Mil. 31.85Vōs enim iam, Albānī tumulī atque lūcī, vōs, inquam, implōrō atque testor, vōsque, Albānōrum obrutae ārae, sacrōrum populī Rōmānī sociae et aequālēs, quās ille praeceps āmentiā caesīs prōstrātīsque sānctissimīs lūcīs substrūctiōnum īnsānīs mōlibus oppresserat;For it is you, Alban hills and groves, you, I say, that I implore and call to witness, and you, buried altars of the Albans, partners and equals of the sacred rites of the Roman people, which he in headlong madness, after cutting down and laying low the most holy groves, had crushed beneath the mad masses of his substructures; Mil. 31.85vestrae tum religiōnēs viguērunt, vestra vīs valuit, quam ille omnī scelere polluerat;your sanctities then prevailed, your power was strong, which he had defiled with every crime; Mil. 31.85tūque ex tuō ēditō monte Latiārī, sāncte Iuppiter, cuius ille lacūs, nemora fīnīsque saepe omnī nefāriō stuprō et scelere maculārat, aliquandō ad eum pūniendum oculōs aperuistī: vōbīs illae, vōbīs vestrō in cōnspectū sērae, sed iūstae tamen et dēbitae poenae solūtae sunt.and you, holy Jupiter of Latium, from your lofty mountain, whose lakes, groves and borders he had often stained with every abominable lust and crime, at last opened your eyes to punish him: to you, to you, in your sight, that late but just and deserved punishment was paid.

Mil. 31.86Nisi forte hoc etiam cāsū factum esse dīcēmus ut ante ipsum sacrārium Bonae deae, quod est in fundō T. Sertī Gallī, in prīmīs honestī et ōrnātī adulēscentis, ante ipsam, inquam, Bonam deam, cum proelium commīsisset, prīmum illud volnus acciperet quō taeterrimam mortem obīret, ut nōn absolūtus iūdiciō illō nefāriō vidērētur, sed ad hanc īnsignem poenam reservātus.Unless perhaps we shall say that this too happened by chance: that in front of the very shrine of the Good Goddess, which is on the estate of Titus Sertius Gallus, a most honourable and distinguished young man, in front of the Good Goddess herself, I say, when he had joined battle, he received that first wound from which he was to meet a most foul death, so that he seemed not to have been acquitted at that wicked trial, but to have been reserved for this signal punishment.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×2, purpose clauses ×1, ablative absolute ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (174 words)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
profectō, adv.certainly, surely
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
corpus, corporis, n.body
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
imbēcillitās, -ātis f.weakness, feebleness
noster, -tra, -trumour
īnsum, inesse, īnfuībe in, be present in (dat.)
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
vigeō, -ēre, -uībe strong, thrive, flourish
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
nōn, adv.not
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
tam, adv.so
que, enclitic conj.and
praeclārus, -clāra, -clārumvery bright; splendid, remarkable, famous
mōtus, -ūs m.motion, movement; uprising
nisi, conj.if not, unless
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
idcircō (adv.)for that reason
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
quia (conj.)because
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
proinde (adv.)therefore, accordingly; so then
quasi, conj.as if
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
sapiō, -ere, -īvībe wise, have sense
prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsumforesee; provide for
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
plānē (adv.)clearly, plainly
quālis, -eof what sort? what kind of?
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
igitur, conj.therefore
saepe, adv.often, frequently
incrēdibilis, eincredible
urbs, urbis, f.city
fēlīcitās, -ātis f.good fortune, luck
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
afferō, afferre, attulī, allātumbring, bring to; cause
perniciēs, -ēī f.ruin, destruction
exstinguō, -ere, -stīnxī, -stīnctusput out, extinguish; destroy
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
iniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in or upon; cause, inspire
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
irrītō (inrītō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusprovoke, stir up
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
lacessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītumprovoke, harass
fortis, -ebrave
vir, virī, m.man
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
sī, conj.if
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
impūnitās, -ātis f.freedom from punishment
licentia, -ae f.freedom; lack of restraint, lawlessness
sempiternus, -a, -umeverlasting, eternal
hūmānus, -a, -umof man, human
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
mediocris, -emoderate, ordinary
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
deus, -ī, m.god
immortālis, -eimmortal
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo or make through, accomplish
regiō, -ōnis, f.direction; country, region
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
hercle (interj.)by Hercules!, indeed
bēlua, -ae, f.beast, monster
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
commoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove, rouse; disturb
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
vōsplur. of tū
enim, conj.for
iam, adv.now, already
Albānus, -a, -umAlban, of Alba Longa; mōns Albānus: the Alban Mount; (m. pl. as noun) the Albans
tumulus, -ī m.mound, hillock
lūcus, -ī m.sacred grove
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
implōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumbeg for, appeal for
testor, -ārī, -ātus sumbear witness, declare, call to witness
obruō, -ere, -ruī, -rutusoverwhelm, bury, crush
āra, -ae, f.altar
sacrum, -ī n.sacred object or rite; sacra: rites, worship
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
aequālis, -eequal; of the same age
praeceps, -cipitisheadlong
āmentia, -ae, f.madness
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
prōsternō, -sternere, -strāvī, -strātusstrew or spread before, throw or knock down
sānctus, -a, -umconsecrated, sacred
substrūctiō, -ōnis f.substructure, foundation
īnsānus, -a, -ummad, frantic
mōlēs, -is f.mass; dam, breakwater
opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress against, overpower, crush
vester, -tra, -trumyour
tum, adv.then, at that time
religiō, -ōnis f.religious scruple, religious duty
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
omnis, -eall, every
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
polluō, -ere, -uī, -ūtussoil, defile, desecrate
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
ēditus, -a, -umraised, high
mōns, montis, m.mountain
Latiāris, -eLatin; Iuppiter Latiāris: Jupiter of the Latins, worshipped on the Alban Mount
lacus, -ūs, m.lake
nemus, -oris n.grove, wood
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
nefārius, -a, -umwicked, criminal
stuprum, -ī n.debauchery, sexual crime
maculō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstain, pollute
aliquandō, adv.at some time or other; finally, at length
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
pūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītuspunish
oculus, -ī, m.eye
aperiō, -īre, -uī, -tusopen
cōnspectus, -ūs, m.sight
sērus, -a, -umlate
sed, conj.but
iūstus, -a, -umjust
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtusloosen, unbind, release; pay; with or without nāvem, cast off, set sail, put to sea
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
sacrārium, -ī n.shrine
bonus, -a, -umgood
dea, -ae f.goddess
fundus, -ī m.bottom, depths
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
honestus, -a, -umrespected, honourable
ōrnātus, -a, -umequipped, fitted out
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
taeter, -tra, -trumfoul, hideous, loathsome
mors, mortīs, f.death
obeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to meet; attend to, carry out
absolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusrelease, set free; acquit (of: gen.)
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
īnsignis, -enotable, remarkable
reservō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumkeep back, save
Cicero, Pro Milone. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes II (Oxford, 1918), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.