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Cicero · Pro Milone

Pro Milone 28

The tyranny Rome was spared

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Mil. 28.1Quamquam haec quidem iam tolerābilia vidēbantur, etsī aequābiliter in rem pūblicam, in prīvātōs, in longinquōs, in propinquōs, in aliēnōs, in suōs inruēbat, sed nesciō quō modō ūsū iam obdūruerat et percalluerat cīvitātis incrēdibilis patientia: quae vērō aderant iam et impendēbant, quōnam modō ea aut dēpellere potuissētis aut ferre?And yet these things seemed tolerable by now, although he attacked alike the state, private persons, those far off and those near, strangers and his own family; but somehow the incredible patience of the community had by now grown hard and calloused through habit: but the things that were already at hand and impending, how could you have either warded them off or borne them? Mil. 28.1Imperium ille sī nactus esset, omittō sociōs, exterās nātiōnēs, rēgēs, tetrarchās;If he had gained power — I pass over our allies, foreign nations, kings, tetrarchs; Mil. 28.1vōta enim facerētis ut in eōs sē potius immitteret quam in vestrās possessiōnēs, vestra tēcta, vestrās pecūniās: pecūniās dīcō?for you would be praying that he would hurl himself against them rather than against your properties, your homes, your money: money, do I say? Mil. 28.1ā līberīs, mē dius fidius, et ā coniugibus vestrīs numquam ille effrēnātās suās libīdinēs cohibuisset.from your children, so help me, and from your wives he would never have restrained his unbridled lusts.

Mil. 28.1Fingī haec putātis quae patent, quae nota sunt omnibus, quae tenentur, servōrum exercitūs illum in urbe cōnscrīptūrum fuisse, per quōs tōtam rem pūblicam rēsque prīvātās omnium possidēret?Do you think these things invented which are plain, which are known to all, which are established — that he would have enrolled armies of slaves in the city, through whom he would take possession of the whole state and of everyone's private property? Mil. 28.77Quam ob rem sī cruentum gladium tenēns clāmāret T. Annius: "Adeste, quaesō, atque audīte, cīvēs!So if Titus Annius, holding a bloody sword, were to cry out: 'Come here, I beg you, and listen, citizens! Mil. 28.77P. Clōdium interfēcī, eius furōrēs, quōs nūllīs iam lēgibus, nūllīs iūdiciīs frēnāre poterāmus, hōc ferrō et hāc dexterā ā cervīcibus vestrīs reppulī, per mē ut ūnum iūs aequitās, lēgēs lībertās, pudor pudīcitia manēret in cīvitāte," esset vērō timendum quōnam modō id ferret cīvitās!I have killed Publius Clodius; his frenzies, which we could no longer curb by any laws or any courts, I have driven off from your necks with this sword and this right hand, so that through me alone justice and fairness, laws and liberty, modesty and chastity might remain in the community,' there would indeed be cause to fear how the community would take it!

Mil. 28.77Nunc enim quis est quī nōn probet, quī nōn laudet, quī nōn ūnum post hominum memoriam T. Annium plūrimum reī pūblicae prōfuisse, maximā laetitiā populum Rōmānum, cūnctam Ītaliam, nātiōnēs omnīs adfēcisse et dīcat et sentiat?For now who is there who does not approve, who does not praise, who does not both say and feel that Titus Annius alone, within the memory of man, has done the state the greatest service, and has filled the Roman people, all Italy and all nations with the greatest joy? Mil. 28.77Nōn queō vetera illa populī Rōmānī gaudia quanta fuerint iūdicāre: multās tamen iam summōrum imperātōrum clārissimās victōriās aetās nostra vīdit, quārum nūlla neque tam diūturnam laetitiam attulit nec tantam.I cannot judge how great those ancient rejoicings of the Roman people were: yet our own age has already seen many most glorious victories of the greatest generals, none of which brought joy either so lasting or so great. Mil. 28.78Mandāte hoc memoriae, iūdicēs.Commit this to memory, judges. Mil. 28.78Spērō multa vōs līberōsque vestrōs in rē pūblicā bona esse vīsūrōs: in eīs singulīs ita semper exīstimābitis, vīvō P. Clōdiō nihil eōrum vōs vīsūrōs fuisse.I hope that you and your children will see many good things in the state: in each of them you will always reflect that, had Publius Clodius lived, you would have seen none of them.

Mil. 28.78In spem maximam et, quem ad modum cōnfīdō, vērissimam sumus adductī, hunc ipsum annum, hōc summō virō cōnsule, compressā hominum licentiā, cupiditātibus cōnfrāctīs, lēgibus et iūdiciīs cōnstitūtīs, salūtārem cīvitātī fore.We have been led to the greatest hope, and, as I trust, the truest, that this very year, with this most eminent man as consul, with men's licence checked, their desires broken, laws and courts established, will bring salvation to the community. Mil. 28.78Num quis igitur est tam dēmēns quī hoc P. Clōdiō vīvō contingere potuisse arbitrētur?Is anyone, then, so mad as to think that this could have happened while Publius Clodius was alive? Mil. 28.78Quid?What then? Mil. 28.78ea quae tenētis prīvāta atque vestra dominante homine furiōsō quod iūs perpetuae possessiōnis habēre potuissent?the things you hold as private and your own — what right of lasting possession could they have had with a madman as master?

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×1, indirect statement ×7, gerunds and gerundives ×1, ablative absolute ×5

Latin vocabulary for this passage (180 words)
quamquam, conj.however much, although
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
iam, adv.now, already
tolerābilis, -ebearable, tolerable
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
etsī, conj.even if, although
aequābiliter (adv.)evenly, uniformly, steadily
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
longinquus, -a, -umdistant, remote
propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f.near; (noun) relative
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
inruō, -ruere, -ruīrush in
sed, conj.but
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
obdūrēscō, -ere, -dūruīgrow hard, become callous
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
percallēscō, -ere, -calluībecome thoroughly hardened, unfeeling
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
incrēdibilis, eincredible
patientia, -ae f.endurance, hardiness
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
impendeō, -ērehang over, overhang
quōnam (adv.)by what way, how ever; quōnam modō: how ever, in what way
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
dēpellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive off or away, drive
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
sī, conj.if
nancīscor, nancīscī, nactusget, obtain, find
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
omittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missuslet go, neglect, disregard, throw away, lose
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
exterus, -a, -umoutside, foreign; exterae nātiōnēs: foreign peoples
nātiō, -ōnis f.people, nation; birth
rēx, rēgis, m.king
tetrarchēs, -ae m.tetrarch, a petty prince in the East (ruler of a fourth part of a kingdom)
vōtum, -ī n.vow; wish, prayer
enim, conj.for
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
potius (adv.)rather
immittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend or let in
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
vester, -tra, -trumyour
possessiō, -ōnis f.property, possession
tēctum, -ī n.roof; house
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
coniūnx, coniugis, m. and f.spouse, husband, wife
numquam, adv.never
effrēnātus, -a, -umunbridled, unrestrained
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
cohibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold back, restrain, keep in check
fingō, fingere, finxī, fictusinvent, make up
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
pateō, -ēre, -uīlie open; extend, stretch
nōtus, -a, -umknown, well-known, famous
omnis, -eall, every
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
urbs, urbis, f.city
cōnscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptumenlist, enroll
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
que, enclitic conj.and
possideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessushold, possess
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
cruentus, -a, -umbloody, blood-stained
gladius, -ī, m.sword
clāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshout, cry out; proclaim
quaesō (defective)I beg, please
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
furor, -ōris, m.rage, fury, frenzy, madness
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
lēx, lēgis f.law
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
frēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbridle, restrain
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
dextra, -ae, f.right hand (manus understood)
cervīx, -īcis f.neck (often pl.)
repellō, repellere, reppulī, repulsusdrive back or away, repulse, repel
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
aequitās, -ātis f.fairness, justice
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
pudor, -ōris m.shame, sense of honour
pudīcitia, -ae f.chastity, modesty
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
nunc, adv.now
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
nōn, adv.not
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
homō, hominis, m.man
memoria, -ae, f.memory
plūrimum (adv.)most, very much (plūrimum posse: be most powerful)
prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuībe of advantage, profit, avail, assist
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
laetitia, -ae, f.joy
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
adficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo to, move, affect; visit, afflict
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
queō, -īre, -īvī (-iī)be able, can
vetus, veterisold, former
gaudium, -ī, n.gladness, joy
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
victōria, -ae, f.victory
aetās, -tātis, f.age
noster, -tra, -trumour
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
tam, adv.so
diūturnus, -a, -umlong-lasting
afferō, afferre, attulī, allātumbring, bring to; cause
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
mandō, -dāre, -dāvī, -dātusput in hand, intrust, commit; charge, command
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
vōsplur. of tū
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
semper, adv.always
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
spēs, speī, f.hope
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
cōnfīdō, -ere, cōnfīsus sumtrust, be confident
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead to, bring, take; induce, influence
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
annus, -ī, m.year
vir, virī, m.man
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
comprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress together, squeeze, compress
licentia, -ae f.freedom; lack of restraint, lawlessness
cupiditās, -tātis, f.desire, longing, eagerness
cōnfringō, -fringere, -frēgī, -frāctusbreak in pieces, shatter
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
salūtāris, -ehealthful, beneficial, bringing safety
num, adv., introducing a question to which a negative answer is expecteduntranslatable
igitur, conj.therefore
dēmēns, -entisout of one's mind, mad, frantic
contingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctumtouch, reach
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
dominor, -ārī, -ātus sumbe master, rule
furiōsus, -a, -umraging, mad, frenzied
perpetuus, -a, -umcontinuous, perpetual; in perpetuum, for all time, forever
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
Cicero, Pro Milone. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes II (Oxford, 1918), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.