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Cicero · Pro Milone

Pro Milone 22

Freed slaves and rigged interrogations

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Mil. 22.1Quod igitur in causā quaerendum est, id agāmus hīc;So let us deal here with what must be inquired into in this case; Mil. 22.1quod tormentīs invenīrī vīs, id fatēmur.what you want discovered by torture, we admit. Mil. 22.1Manū vērō cūr mīserit, sī id potius quaeris quam cūr parum amplīs adfēcerit praemiīs, nescīs inimīcī factum reprehendere.But if you ask why he freed them, rather than why he rewarded them too meagrely, you do not know how to find fault with an enemy's action. Mil. 22.58Dīxit enim hic īdem quī semper omnia cōnstanter et fortiter, M. Catō, et dīxit in turbulentā contiōne, quae tamen huius auctōritāte plācāta est, nōn lībertāte sōlum sed etiam omnibus praemiīs dignissimōs fuisse quī dominī caput dēfendissent.For this same Marcus Cato, who always speaks on every matter with constancy and courage, said — and said it at a turbulent public meeting, which was nevertheless calmed by his authority — that those who had defended their master's life were most worthy not only of freedom but of every reward. Mil. 22.58Quod enim praemium satis magnum est tam benevolīs, tam bonīs, tam fidēlibus servīs, propter quōs vīvit?For what reward is great enough for slaves so loyal, so good, so faithful, thanks to whom he is alive?

Mil. 22.58Etsī id quidem nōn tantī est quam quod propter eōsdem nōn sanguine et volneribus suīs crūdēlissimī inimīcī mentem oculōsque satiāvit.And yet even that is not worth as much as the fact that, thanks to the same men, he did not glut the mind and eyes of his cruellest enemy with his own blood and wounds. Mil. 22.58Quōs nisi manū mīsisset, tormentīs etiam dēdendī fuērunt cōnservātōrēs dominī, ultōrēs sceleris, dēfēnsōrēs necis.Had he not freed them, the preservers of their master, the avengers of a crime, the defenders against murder would even have had to be handed over to torture. Mil. 22.58Hic vērō nihil habet in hīs malīs quod minus molestē ferat quam, etiam sī quid ipsī accidat, esse tamen illīs meritum praemium persolūtum.Indeed, among these misfortunes there is nothing he bears with less distress than that, even if something should happen to him, they have nevertheless been paid the reward they deserved. Mil. 22.59Sed quaestiōnēs urgent Milōnem, quae sunt habitae nunc in ātriō Lībertātis.But Milo is pressed hard by the examinations which have just been held in the Hall of Liberty.

Mil. 22.59Quibusnam dē servīs?Of which slaves, pray? Mil. 22.59"Rogās?'Need you ask? Mil. 22.59dē P. Clōdī."Those of Publius Clodius.' Mil. 22.59Quis eōs postulāvit?Who demanded them? Mil. 22.59"Appius."'Appius.' Mil. 22.59Quis prōdūxit?Who produced them? Mil. 22.59"Appius."'Appius.' Mil. 22.59Vnde?From where? Mil. 22.59"ab Appiō."'From Appius' house.' Mil. 22.59Dī bonī!Good gods! Mil. 22.59quid potest agī sevērius?what could be done more rigorously? Mil. 22.59Proximē deōs Clōdius accessit, propius quam tum cum ad ipsōs penetrārat, cuius dē morte tamquam dē caerimōniīs violātīs quaeritur.Clodius has come very near the gods — nearer than when he forced his way in to them in person — since his death is being investigated as though it were a violation of sacred rites. Mil. 22.59Sed tamen maiōrēs nostrī in dominum quaerī nōluērunt, nōn quia nōn posset vērum invenīrī, sed quia vidēbātur indignum et dominīs morte ipsā trīstius: in reum dē servō accūsātōris cum quaeritur, vērum invenīrī potest?Yet our ancestors refused to allow slaves to be examined against their master, not because the truth could not be found, but because it seemed degrading and more bitter to masters than death itself: when the prosecutor's slave is examined against the accused, can the truth be found?

Mil. 22.60Age vērō, quae erat aut quālis quaestiō?Come now, what was the examination, and of what sort? Mil. 22.60"Heus tū, Rūfiō," verbī causā, "cavē sīs mentiāre: Clōdius īnsidiās fēcit Milōnī?"'Hey, you, Rufio,' for example, 'mind you don't lie: did Clodius lay an ambush for Milo?' Mil. 22.60"Fēcit;"'He did;' Mil. 22.60certa crux.certain crucifixion. Mil. 22.60"Nūllās fēcit:" spērāta lībertās.'He did not:' freedom in prospect. Mil. 22.60Quid hāc quaestiōne certius?What could be more reliable than this examination? Mil. 22.60Subitō adreptī in quaestiōnem tamen sēparantur cēterī et in arcās coniciuntur nē quis cum eīs conloquī possit: hī centum diēs penes accūsātōrem cum fuissent ab eō ipsō accūsātōre prōductī sunt.When slaves are suddenly seized for examination, the rest are nevertheless separated and thrown into cells so that no one can talk with them: these men, after spending a hundred days in the prosecutor's custody, were produced by that same prosecutor. Mil. 22.60Quid hāc quaestiōne dīcī potest integrius, quid incorruptius?What can be called more impartial than this examination, what more incorrupt?

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×2, indirect statement ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (155 words)
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
igitur, conj.therefore
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
tormentum, -ī n.artillery, siege engine
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
volō, velle, voluīwish
fateor, -ērī, fassus sumadmit, confess
manus, -ūs, f.hand
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
cūr, adv.why
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
sī, conj.if
potius (adv.)rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē)too little; minimē: least, not at all
amplus, -a, -umlarge, great; distinguished
adficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo to, move, affect; visit, afflict
praemium, -ī, n.reward
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
inimīcus, -a, -umunfriendly, hostile
factum, -ī n.deed, act
reprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsumblame, criticise
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
enim, conj.for
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
semper, adv.always
omnis, -eall, every
cōnstanter (adv.)steadily, consistently
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
fortiter, adv.bravely
turbulentus, -a, -umdisorderly, unruly
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
plācō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscalm, appease
nōn, adv.not
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
sed, conj.but
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
caput, capitis, n.head
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
tam, adv.so
benevolus, -a, -umkindly, well-disposed, friendly
bonus, -a, -umgood
fidēlis, -efaithful, loyal
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
etsī, conj.even if, although
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
quod, conj.that, in that, because
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
crūdēlis, -ecruel
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
oculus, -ī, m.eye
que, enclitic conj.and
satiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfill, satisfy; satiārī, eat one's fill
nisi, conj.if not, unless
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive away or up
cōnservātor, -ōris m.preserver, saviour
ultor, -ōris m.avenger
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
dēfēnsor, -ōris m.defender
nex, necis f.death, killing
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
minus, comp. adv.less
molestē (adv.)with annoyance (molestē ferre: be annoyed at)
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
meritus, -a, -umdeserved, due, just
persolvō, -solvere, -solvī, -solūtuspay completely, pay
quaestiō, -ōnis f.inquiry, examination
urgeō, -ēre, ursīpress hard
nunc, adv.now
ātrium, -ī, n.hall
quisnam, quaenam, quidnam, interrog. pron.who, which, or what, pray? who? which? what?
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
prōdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductumlead out, bring out
unde, adv.whence
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
deus, -ī, m.god
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
sevērē (adv.; comp. sevērius)strictly, sternly
proximē (adv.)most recently; nearest
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
tum, adv.then, at that time
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
penetrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake one's way into, penetrate, reach
mors, mortīs, f.death
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
caerimōnia, -ae f.sacred rite, ceremony
violō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusharm, violate
maiōrēs, -um m. pl.ancestors
noster, -tra, -trumour
nōlō, nōlle, nōluīnot wish, be unwilling
quia (conj.)because
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
indignus, -a, -umunworthy; shameful
trīstis, -esad, gloomy
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
accūsātor, -ōris m.accuser, prosecutor
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
quālis, -eof what sort? what kind of?
heus (interj.)hey! hello there!
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
verbum, -ī, n.word
caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautusbeware, take care; be on one's guard against, beware of
mentior, -īrī, -ītus sumlie, tell a lie
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
crux, crucis f.cross (a wooden frame for execution)
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
subitō, adv.unexpectedly, suddenly
arripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptusseize, snatch up
sēparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusseparate, divide
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
arca, -ae, f.chest, box, ark
coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow together; throw, cast, hurl
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
cum, prep, with abl.with
colloquor (conloquor), -ī, -locūtus sumtalk with, confer
centum, indecl. adj.one hundred
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
penes (prep. + acc.)in the hands of, in the power of
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
incorruptus, -a, -umuncorrupted, genuine, reliable
Cicero, Pro Milone. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes II (Oxford, 1918), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.