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Cicero · Pro Milone

Pro Milone 23

Milo's confident return to Rome

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Mil. 23.1Quod sī nōndum satis cernitis, cum rēs ipsa tot tam clārīs argūmentīs signīsque lūceat, pūrā mente atque integrā Milōnem, nūllō scelere imbūtum, nūllō metū perterritum, nūllā cōnscientiā exanimātum Rōmam revertisse, recordāminī, per deōs immortālīs, quae fuerit celeritās reditūs eius, quī ingressus in forum ārdente cūriā, quae magnitūdō animī, quī voltus, quae ōrātiō.But if you do not yet see clearly enough — though the matter itself shines with so many and such clear proofs and signs — that Milo returned to Rome with a pure and blameless mind, stained by no crime, terrified by no fear, unnerved by no guilty conscience, recall, by the immortal gods, how swift his return was, how he entered the forum while the senate house was burning, what greatness of spirit, what a face, what words he showed. Mil. 23.1Neque vērō sē populō sōlum sed etiam senātuī commīsit, neque senātuī modo sed etiam pūblicīs praesidiīs et armīs, neque hīs tantum vērum etiam eius potestātī cui senātus tōtam rem pūblicam, omnem Ītaliae pūbem, cūncta populī Rōmānī arma commīserat: cui numquam sē hic profectō trādidisset, nisi causae suae cōnfīderet, praesertim omnia audientī, magna metuentī, multa suspicantī, nōn nūlla crēdentī.And he entrusted himself not only to the people but also to the senate, and not only to the senate but also to the public guards and arms, and not only to these but also to the power of the man to whom the senate had entrusted the whole state, all the youth of Italy, all the arms of the Roman people: to him this man would surely never have handed himself over unless he had confidence in his cause, especially as that man was hearing everything, fearing much, suspecting many things and believing some.

Mil. 23.1Magna vīs est cōnscientiae, iūdicēs, et magna in utramque partem, ut neque timeant quī nihil commīserint et poenam semper ante oculōs versārī putent quī peccārint.Great is the power of conscience, judges, and great in both directions, so that those who have done no wrong do not fear, and those who have sinned think that punishment is always hovering before their eyes. Mil. 23.62Neque vērō sine ratiōne certā causa Milōnis semper ā senātū probāta est;Nor indeed was it without sure reason that Milo's cause was always approved by the senate; Mil. 23.62vidēbant sapientissimī hominēs factī ratiōnem, praesentiam animī, dēfēnsiōnis cōnstantiam.those very wise men saw the reasoning behind the deed, his presence of mind, the steadiness of his defence. Mil. 23.62An vērō oblītī estis, iūdicēs, recentī illō nūntiō necis Clōdiānae nōn modo inimīcōrum Milōnis sermōnēs et opīniōnēs sed nōn nūllōrum etiam imperītōrum?Or have you forgotten, judges, when the news of Clodius' death was fresh, the talk and opinions not only of Milo's enemies but even of some ignorant people? Mil. 23.62Negābant eum Rōmam esse reditūrum.They said that he would not return to Rome. Mil. 23.63Sīve enim illud animō īrātō ac percitō fēcisset ut incēnsus odiō trucīdāret inimīcum, arbitrābantur eum tantī mortem P. Clōdī putāsse ut aequō animō patriā carēret, cum sanguine inimīcī explēsset odium suum;For if he had done the deed with an angry and excited mind, so as to butcher his enemy while inflamed with hatred, they thought that he had reckoned the death of Publius Clodius worth so much that he would calmly go without his country, once he had sated his hatred with his enemy's blood; Mil. 23.63sīve etiam illīus morte patriam līberāre voluisset, nōn dubitātūrum fortem virum quīn, cum suō perīculō salūtem populō Rōmānō attulisset, cēderet aequō animō lēgibus, sēcum auferret glōriam sempiternam, vōbīs haec fruenda relinqueret quae ipse servāsset.or if he had also wished to free his country by Clodius' death, they thought that, as a brave man, he would not hesitate, having brought safety to the Roman people at his own risk, to yield calmly to the laws, to carry away with him everlasting glory, and to leave to you the enjoyment of these things which he himself had saved.

Mil. 23.63Multī etiam Catilīnam atque illa portenta loquēbantur: "Ērumpet, occupābit aliquem locum, bellum patriae faciet."Many even talked of Catiline and those monstrous deeds: 'He will break out, he will seize some position, he will make war on his country.' Mil. 23.63Miserōs interdum cīvīs optimē dē rē pūblicā meritōs, in quibus hominēs nōn modo rēs praeclārissimās oblīvīscuntur sed etiam nefāriās suspicantur!Wretched at times are citizens who have served the state superbly, in whose case men not only forget their most glorious deeds but even suspect them of wicked ones! Mil. 23.64Ergō illa falsa fuērunt quae certē vēra exstitissent, sī Milō admīsisset aliquid quod nōn posset honestē vērēque dēfendere.So those predictions were false which would certainly have come true, if Milo had committed anything which he could not honourably and truthfully defend.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, indirect statement ×4, purpose clauses ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (183 words)
quod, conj.that, in that, because
sī, conj.if
nōndum, adv.not yet
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
tot (indecl.)so many
tam, adv.so
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
argūmentum, -ī n.proof, evidence
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
que, enclitic conj.and
lūceō, -ēre, lūxīshine, give light
pūrus, -a, -umclean, pure; (of land) clear, unbuilt
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
imbuō, -buere, -buī, -būtuswet, soak, dip
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
perterreō, -terrēre, -terrui, -territusthoroughly frighten, terrify
cōnscientia, -ae f.awareness; consciousness of guilt, guilty conscience
exanimō, -animāre, -animāvī, -animātusput out of breath, fatigue, tire, exhaust; stupefy; kill
revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertīturn back, return
recordor, -ārī, -ātus sumcall to mind, remember
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
deus, -ī, m.god
immortālis, -eimmortal
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
celeritās, -tātis, f.swiftness, quickness, speed
reditus, -ūs, m.return
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ingressus, -ūs m.a going in, entrance; access
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsusbe on fire, burn
cūria, -ae f.senate house
magnitūdō, -tūdinis, f.greatness, size
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
vultus, -ūs m.face, expression
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
populus, -ī m.people, nation
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
sed, conj.but
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
senātus, -ūs m.senate
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
modo, adv.only
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
omnis, -eall, every
pūbēs, -erisadult, grown-up (of men of military age)
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
numquam, adv.never
profectō, adv.certainly, surely
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
nisi, conj.if not, unless
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
cōnfīdō, -ere, cōnfīsus sumtrust, be confident
praesertim (adv.)especially
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
metuō, -ere, metuīfear, be afraid of
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
suspicor, -spicārī, -spicātussuspect
nōn, adv.not
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
semper, adv.always
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
oculus, -ī, m.eye
versor, -ārī, -ātuskeep turning, be busy or employed, be
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
peccō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdo wrong
sine, prep. with abl.without
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
sapiēns, -entiswise; as noun, a wise man, a philosopher
homō, hominis, m.man
factum, -ī n.deed, act
praesentia, -ae, f.the present
dēfēnsiō, -ōnis f.defence
cōnstantia, -ae f.steadiness, firmness
an, conj.or (in questions)
oblīvīscor, -līvīscī, -lītusforget
recēns, -entisrecent, fresh
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
nex, necis f.death, killing
Clōdiānus, -a, -umof Clodius, Clodian
inimīcus, -a, -umunfriendly, hostile
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
opīniō, -ōnis, f.opinion, expectation; reputation
imperītus, -a, -uminexperienced, unskilled, ignorant
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
sīve or seu, conj.or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or
enim, conj.for
īrātus, -a, -umangered, enraged, angry, furious
perciō, -īre, -īvī, -itusstir up; percitus: roused, excited
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsumset on fire, burn
odium, -ī, n.hatred
trucīdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusslaughter, butcher
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
mors, mortīs, f.death
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
careō, -ēre, -uībe without, lack (+ abl.)
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
expleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētusfill up, complete; make good
līberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset free, free, liberate, release
volō, velle, voluīwish
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
fortis, -ebrave
vir, virī, m.man
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
adferō, adferre, attulī, adlātusbear to, bring
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
lēx, lēgis f.law
auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātusbear away, carry off
glōria, -ae, f.glory
sempiternus, -a, -umeverlasting, eternal
vōsplur. of tū
fruor, -ī, frūctus sum (+ abl.)enjoy
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
portentum, -ī n.omen, portent, marvel
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
ērumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptumburst out, sally
occupō, -cupāre, -cupāvī, -cupātusseize; fill
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
bellum, -ī, n.war
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
interdum (adv.)sometimes
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
bene, adv.well; successfully
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
mereor, -ērī, meritus sumdeserve; (dē) do service to
praeclārus, -clāra, -clārumvery bright; splendid, remarkable, famous
nefārius, -a, -umwicked, criminal
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
falsus, -a, -umfeigned, pretended, false
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
exsistō, -ere, -stitīcome forth, arise; appear
admittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend to, admit; allow
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
honestē, adv.honorably, decently
vērē (adv.)truly, really
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
Cicero, Pro Milone. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes II (Oxford, 1918), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.