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Cicero · Pro Milone

Pro Milone 20

The scene of the encounter

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Mil. 20.1Videāmus nunc id quod caput est, locus ad īnsidiās ille ipse ubi congressī sunt utrī tandem fuerit aptior.Let us now look at the main point: for which of the two the very place where they met was better suited for an ambush. Mil. 20.1Id vērō, iūdicēs, etiam dubitandum et diūtius cōgitandum est?Is that really, judges, something to be doubted and pondered at length? Mil. 20.1Ante fundum Clōdī quō in fundō propter īnsānās illās substrūctiōnēs facile hominum mīlle versābātur valentium, ēditō adversāriī atque excelsō locō superiōrem sē fore putābat Milō, et ob eam rem eum locum ad pugnam potissimum ēlēgerat, an in eō locō est potius exspectātus ab eō quī ipsīus locī spē facere impetum cōgitārat?In front of Clodius' estate — the estate on which, because of those mad substructures, a good thousand strong men were easily kept busy — did Milo think he would have the upper hand from his opponent's high and lofty ground, and for that reason choose that place above all for the fight, or was he rather awaited at that place by the man who had planned to make an attack in reliance on the place itself?

Mil. 20.1Rēs loquitur ipsa, iūdicēs, quae semper valet plūrimum.The facts speak for themselves, judges, and facts always count for most. Mil. 20.54Sī haec nōn gesta audīrētis, sed picta vidērētis, tamen appārēret uter esset īnsidiātor, uter nihil malī cōgitāret, cum alter veherētur in raedā paenulātus, ūnā sedēret uxor.If you were not hearing of these events but seeing them painted, it would still be plain which was the plotter and which was planning no harm, since one was riding in a carriage, wrapped in a cloak, with his wife sitting beside him. Mil. 20.54Quid hōrum nōn impedītissimum?Which of these was not a great encumbrance? Mil. 20.54vestītus an vehiculum an comes?the dress, the vehicle, or the companion? Mil. 20.54quid minus promptum ad pugnam, cum paenulā inrētītus, raedā impedītus, uxōre paene cōnstrictus esset?—Vidēte nunc illum, prīmum ēgredientem ē vīllā, subitō: cūr?What could be less ready for a fight, when he was entangled in a cloak, hampered by a carriage and almost tied down by his wife? — Now look at the other man, first leaving his villa suddenly: why?

Mil. 20.54vesperī: quid necesse est?in the evening: what need was there? Mil. 20.54tardē: quī convenit, praesertim id temporis?late: how does that fit, especially at that time of day? Mil. 20.54"Dēvertit in vīllam Pompēī."'He turned aside to Pompey's villa.' Mil. 20.54Pompeium ut vidēret?To see Pompey? Mil. 20.54sciēbat in Alsiēnsī esse;he knew that Pompey was at his villa at Alsium; Mil. 20.54vīllam ut perspiceret?to inspect the villa? Mil. 20.54mīliēns in eā fuerat.he had been in it a thousand times. Mil. 20.54Quid ergō erat?What, then, was it? Mil. 20.54mora et tergiversātiō: dum hic venīret, locum relinquere nōluit.delay and shuffling: he did not want to leave the spot until Milo arrived.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×2, indirect statement ×3, purpose clauses ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (114 words)
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
nunc, adv.now
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
caput, capitis, n.head
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
congredior, -ī, -gressus summeet; come to grips, fight
uter, utra, utrumwhich? of two
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
aptus, -a, -umfit, suited
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
fundus, -ī m.bottom, depths
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
īnsānus, -a, -ummad, frantic
substrūctiō, -ōnis f.substructure, foundation
facile, adv.easily
homō, hominis, m.man
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
versor, -ārī, -ātuskeep turning, be busy or employed, be
valēns, -entisstrong, powerful
ēditus, -a, -umraised, high
adversārius, -ī m.opponent, enemy
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
excelsus, -a, -umhigh, tall
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
potissimum (adv.)above all, in preference to all others
ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlēctumpick out, choose
an, conj.or (in questions)
potius (adv.)rather
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
spēs, speī, f.hope
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
semper, adv.always
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
plūrimum (adv.)most, very much (plūrimum posse: be most powerful)
sī, conj.if
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
nōn, adv.not
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
sed, conj.but
pingō, -ere, pīnxī, pictuspaint
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
īnsidiātor, -ōris m.a man lying in ambush; (pl.) the ambushers
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
vehō, vehere, vexī, vectuscarry
raeda, -ae f.wagon, carriage
paenulātus, -a, -umwearing a travelling cloak
ūnātogether, along
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
uxor, -ōris, f.wife
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
impedītus, -a, -umhindered; hard to cross, impassable
vestītus, -ūs, m.clothing
vehiculum, -ī n.vehicle, carriage
comes, -itis, m. and f.companion
minus, comp. adv.less
promptus, -a, -umready, eager
paenula, -ae f.hooded travelling cloak, rain cloak
inrētiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītuscatch in a net, ensnare
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
paene, adv.almost, nearly
cōnstringō, -ere, -strīnxī, -strictusbind tight; restrain, hold in check
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
ēgredior, -gredī, -gressusgo out or forth, go ashore, disembark
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
vīlla, -ae, f.country-house, villa
subitō, adv.unexpectedly, suddenly
cūr, adv.why
vesper, vesperī, m.evening
necesse, indecl. adj.necessary
tardē (adv.)slowly; comp. tardius
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
praesertim (adv.)especially
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
dēvertō, -vertere, -vertīturn away or aside
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
Alsiēnsis, -eof Alsium in Etruria; (n. as noun) estate at Alsium
perspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumsee clearly, observe
mīliēns (adv.)a thousand times; (with sēstertium) a hundred million sesterces
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
mora, -ae, f.delay
tergiversātiō, -ōnis f.evasion, shuffling, delay
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
nōlō, nōlle, nōluīnot wish, be unwilling
Cicero, Pro Milone. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes II (Oxford, 1918), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.