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Cicero · Pro Milone

Pro Milone 19

Why travel to Rome by night?

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Mil. 19.1Age, sit ita factum: quae causa fuit cūr Rōmam properāret, cūr in noctem sē coniceret?Come, suppose it happened so: what reason was there for him to hurry to Rome, to throw himself into the night? Mil. 19.1Quid adferēbat festīnātiōnis quod hērēs erat?What urgency did the fact that he was an heir bring? Mil. 19.1Prīmum nihil erat cūr properātō opus esset;First, there was no reason why haste was needed; Mil. 19.1deinde sī quid esset, quid tandem erat quod eā nocte cōnsequī posset, āmitteret autem, sī postrīdiē Rōmam māne vēnisset?next, if there were any, what was there, pray, that he could secure that night but would lose if he arrived at Rome early the next morning? Mil. 19.1Atquī ut illī nocturnus ad urbem adventus vītandus potius quam expetendus fuit, sīc Milōnī, cum īnsidiātor esset, sī illum ad urbem noctū accessūrum sciēbat, subsīdendum atque exspectandum fuit.And just as for him an arrival at the city by night was to be avoided rather than sought, so Milo, if he was the plotter and knew that Clodius would approach the city by night, ought to have lain in wait and waited for him.

Mil. 19.50Noctū occīdisset: īnsidiōsō et plēnō latrōnum in locō occīdisset.He would have killed him by night: he would have killed him in a place full of ambushes and full of brigands. Mil. 19.50Nēmō eī negantī nōn crēdidisset quem esse omnēs salvum etiam cōnfitentem volunt.No one would have refused to believe him if he denied it, when everyone wants him safe even if he confesses. Mil. 19.50Sustinuisset crīmen prīmum ipse ille latrōnum occultātor et receptor locus, tum neque mūta sōlitūdō indicāsset neque caeca nox ostendisset Milōnem;First the place itself, the very hider and harbourer of brigands, would have borne the charge; then neither the silent solitude would have informed against Milo nor the blind night revealed him; Mil. 19.50deinde multī ab illō violātī, spoliātī, bonīs expulsī, multī haec etiam timentēs in suspīciōnem caderent, tōta dēnique rea citārētur Etrūria.next, many who had been injured, plundered and driven from their property by Clodius, and many who even feared these things, would fall under suspicion; in short, all Etruria would be summoned to court. Mil. 19.51Atque illō diē certē Arīciā rediēns dēvertit Clōdius ad sē in Albānum.And on that day Clodius, returning from Aricia, certainly turned aside to his Alban villa.

Mil. 19.51Quod ut scīret Milō illum Arīciae fuisse, suspicārī tamen dēbuit eum, etiam sī Rōmam illō diē revertī vellet, ad vīllam suam quae viam tangeret dēversūrum.Even granting that Milo knew he had been at Aricia, he still ought to have suspected that, even if he wished to return to Rome that day, he would turn aside to his villa, which bordered the road. Mil. 19.51Cūr nec ante occurrit nē ille in vīllā residēret, nec eō in locō subsēdit quō ille noctū ventūrus esset?Why did he neither meet him earlier, so that he should not stay at the villa, nor lie in wait in the place where Clodius was to come by night? Mil. 19.52Videō adhūc cōnstāre, iūdicēs, omnia: Milōnī etiam ūtile fuisse Clōdium vīvere, illī ad ea quae concupierat optātissimum interitum Milōnis;I see that so far, judges, everything is agreed: that it was even to Milo's advantage that Clodius should live, while for Clodius, with a view to what he had set his heart on, Milo's death was most desirable; Mil. 19.52odium fuisse illīus in hunc acerbissimum, nūllum huius in illum;that Clodius' hatred for Milo was most bitter, Milo's for Clodius none; Mil. 19.52cōnsuētūdinem illīus perpetuam in vī īnferendā, huius tantum in repellendā;that Clodius' habit was constant in using violence, Milo's only in repelling it; Mil. 19.52mortem ab illō Milōnī dēnūntiātam et praedicātam palam, nihil umquam audītum ex Milōne;that death had been threatened against Milo by Clodius and openly proclaimed, while nothing was ever heard from Milo; Mil. 19.52profectiōnis huius diem illī notum, reditum illīus huic ignōtum fuisse;that the day of Milo's departure was known to Clodius, while Clodius' return was unknown to Milo; Mil. 19.52huius iter necessārium, illīus etiam potius aliēnum;that Milo's journey was necessary, Clodius' rather even inconvenient; Mil. 19.52hunc prae sē tulisse sē illō diē exitūrum, illum eō diē sē dissimulāsse reditūrum;that Milo had made it plain he would leave that day, while Clodius had concealed that he would return that day; Mil. 19.52hunc nūllīus reī mūtāsse cōnsilium, illum causam mūtandī cōnsilī finxisse;that Milo had changed his plans in nothing, while Clodius had invented a reason for changing his; Mil. 19.52huic, sī īnsidiārētur, noctem prope urbem exspectandam, illī, etiam sī hunc nōn timēret, tamen accessum ad urbem nocturnum fuisse metuendum.that Milo, if he were plotting, would have had to wait for night near the city, while Clodius, even if he did not fear Milo, would still have had to dread an approach to the city by night.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×9, indirect statement ×6, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (155 words)
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
cūr, adv.why
properō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushasten
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
nox, noctis, f.night
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow together; throw, cast, hurl
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
afferō, afferre, attulī, allātumbring, bring to; cause
festīnātiō, -ōnis f.haste, hurry
quod, conj.that, in that, because
hērēs (haerēs), -ēdis m.heir
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
opus, operis, n.work, task
deinde, adv.then, next
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
cōnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, follow; overtake
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
postrīdiē, adv.the day after, the next day
māne, adv.in the morning, early in the morning
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
atquī (conj.)and yet, but, well then
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
nocturnus, -a, -umof night, nocturnal; nocturnum tempus, night-time
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
urbs, urbis, f.city
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
vītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusavoid, escape
potius (adv.)rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
expetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītusseek eagerly, desire
sīc, adv.so, thus
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
īnsidiātor, -ōris m.a man lying in ambush; (pl.) the ambushers
noctū, adv.at or by night
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
subsīdō, -ere, -sēdī, -sessumsit down; stay behind
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
īnsidiōsus, -a, -umtreacherous, full of traps
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
plēnus, -a, -umfull
latrō, -ōnis, m.robber
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
nōn, adv.not
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
omnis, -eall, every
salvus, -a, -umsafe, unharmed
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
cōnfiteor, -ērī, -fessus sumadmit, confess
volō, velle, voluīwish
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
occultātor, -ōris m.concealer, harbourer
receptor, -ōris m.harbourer, receiver
tum, adv.then, at that time
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
mūtus, -a, -umdumb, silent, speechless
sōlitūdō, -inis f.loneliness; a wilderness, desert
indicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspoint out, reveal, give information; inform against
caecus, -a, -umblind
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
violō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusharm, violate
spoliō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstrip, rob
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
expellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive out, expel
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
suspīciō, -ōnis, f.suspicion
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
citō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset in motion, urge on; citātus: swift, rushing
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
dēvertō, -vertere, -vertīturn away or aside
Albānus, -a, -umAlban, of Alba Longa; mōns Albānus: the Alban Mount; (m. pl. as noun) the Albans
suspicor, -spicārī, -spicātussuspect
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertīturn back, return
vīlla, -ae, f.country-house, villa
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
via, -ae, f.road, way
tangō, tangere, tetigī, tāctustouch
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
occurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun against, meet
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
resideō, -ēre, -sēdīremain behind, stay, linger
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
ūtilis, -euseful, advantageous
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
concupīscō, -cupīscere, -cupīvī, -cupītuslong for, covet
optātus, -a, -umwished for, welcome
interitus, -ūs m.destruction, death
odium, -ī, n.hatred
acerbus, -a, -umbitter, harsh, painful
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
cōnsuētūdō, -inis f.custom, habit; way of life
perpetuus, -a, -umcontinuous, perpetual; in perpetuum, for all time, forever
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
repellō, repellere, reppulī, repulsusdrive back or away, repulse, repel
mors, mortīs, f.death
dēnūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumannounce, declare; warn
praedicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumproclaim; boast of
palam (adv.)openly, publicly
umquam, adv.ever
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
profectiō, -ōnis, f.departure, start
nōtus, -a, -umknown, well-known, famous
reditus, -ūs, m.return
ignōtus, -a, -umunknown
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
necessārius, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m.necessary, critical; (noun) close friend, relative
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
prae (prep. + abl.)in comparison with; because of
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
exeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo out
dissimulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushide, disguise, pretend not to notice
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
fingō, fingere, finxī, fictusinvent, make up
īnsidior, -ārī, -ātus sumlie in wait, lay an ambush
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
accessus, -ūs m.approach, access
metuō, -ere, metuīfear, be afraid of
Cicero, Pro Milone. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes II (Oxford, 1918), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.