LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Cicero › Pro Milone (For Milo) › Pro Milone 16

Cicero · Pro Milone

Pro Milone 16

Who had motive and hope of impunity?

English onlyRead it word by word

Mil. 16.1Quem igitur cum omnium grātiā nōluit, hunc voluit cum aliquōrum querēlā, quem iūre, quem locō, quem tempore, quem impūne nōn est ausus, hunc iniūriā, inīquō locō, aliēnō tempore, perīculō capitis nōn dubitāvit occīdere?So the man whom he would not kill with everyone's approval, him he chose to kill amid the complaints of some? The man he did not dare to kill lawfully, in a good place, at a good time, with impunity, him he did not hesitate to kill unlawfully, in a bad place, at an unfavourable time, at the risk of his life? Mil. 16.42praesertim, iūdicēs, cum honōris amplissimī contentiō et diēs comitiōrum subesset, quō quidem tempore—sciō enim quam timida sit ambitiō quantaque et quam sollicita sit cupiditās cōnsulātūs —omnia nōn modo quae reprehendī palam sed etiam quae obscūrē cōgitārī possunt timēmus, rūmōrem, fābulam falsam, fictam, levem perhorrēscimus, ōra omnium atque oculōs intuēmur.especially, judges, when the contest for the highest office and the day of the elections were close at hand — a time at which (for I know how timid ambition is, and how great and how anxious the desire for the consulship) we fear everything, not only what can be openly criticised but even what can be secretly thought, we shudder at a rumour, a story false, invented and idle, we watch the faces and eyes of everyone.

Mil. 16.42Nihil est enim tam molle, tam tenerum, tam aut fragile aut flexibile quam voluntās ergā nōs sēnsusque cīvium, quī nōn modo improbitātī īrāscuntur candidātōrum sed etiam in rēctē factīs saepe fastīdiunt.For nothing is so soft, so tender, so fragile or so pliable as the goodwill and feeling of citizens towards us; they are not only angry at the dishonesty of candidates but are often fastidious even about their right actions. Mil. 16.43Hunc igitur diem campī spērātum atque exoptātum sibi prōpōnēns Milō, cruentīs manibus scelus et facinus prae sē ferēns et cōnfitēns ad illa augusta centuriārum auspicia veniēbat?Was Milo, then, setting before himself this day of the Campus, so hoped for and longed for, coming to those august auspices of the centuries with bloody hands, flaunting and confessing his crime and misdeed? Mil. 16.43Quam hoc nōn crēdibile est in hōc, quam idem in Clōdiō nōn dubitandum, quī sē ipse interfectō Milōne regnātūrum putāret!How incredible this is in his case, and how beyond doubt in the case of Clodius, who thought that once Milo was killed he himself would reign! Mil. 16.43Quid?What then? Mil. 16.43quod caput est audāciae, iūdicēs, quis ignōrat maximam inlecebram esse peccandī impūnitātis spem?Who does not know, judges — and this is the root of audacity — that the greatest enticement to wrongdoing is the hope of impunity?

Mil. 16.43In utrō igitur haec fuit?In which of the two, then, was this hope? Mil. 16.43in Milōne quī etiam nunc reus est factī aut praeclārī aut certē necessāriī, an in Clōdiō quī ita iūdicia poenamque contempserat ut eum nihil dēlectāret quod aut per nātūram fās esset aut per lēgēs licēret?In Milo, who even now is on trial for a deed either glorious or at any rate necessary, or in Clodius, who had so despised courts and punishment that nothing pleased him that was either right by nature or permitted by law? Mil. 16.44Sed quid ego argūmentor, quid plūra disputō?But why do I argue, why do I debate further? Mil. 16.44Tē, Q. Petilī, appellō, optimum et fortissimum cīvem;I appeal to you, Quintus Petilius, an excellent and most courageous citizen; Mil. 16.44tē, M. Catō, testor, quōs mihi dīvīna quaedam sors dedit iūdicēs.I call you to witness, Marcus Cato, you whom some divine chance has given me as judges. Mil. 16.44Vōs ex M. Favōniō audīstis Clōdium sibi dīxisse, et audīstis vīvō Clōdiō, peritūrum Milōnem trīduō.You heard from Marcus Favonius that Clodius told him — and you heard it while Clodius was alive — that Milo would perish within three days.

Mil. 16.44Post diem tertium gesta rēs est quam dīxerat.On the third day after he had said it, the deed was done. Mil. 16.44Cum ille nōn dubitārit aperīre quid cōgitāret, vōs potestis dubitāre quid fēcerit?When he did not hesitate to reveal what he was planning, can you hesitate about what he did?

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×5, gerunds and gerundives ×2, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (162 words)
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
igitur, conj.therefore
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
omnis, -eall, every
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
nōlō, nōlle, nōluīnot wish, be unwilling
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
volō, velle, voluīwish
cum, prep, with abl.with
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
querēla, -ae f.complaint, lament
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
impūne (adv.)without punishment
nōn, adv.not
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
inīquus, -a, -umuneven; unfair
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
caput, capitis, n.head
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
praesertim (adv.)especially
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
honor, -ōris, m.honor
amplus, -a, -umlarge, great; distinguished
contentiō, -ōnis f.struggle, dispute
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
subsum, -essebe near, be close by
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
enim, conj.for
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
timidus, -a, -umfearful, timid
ambitiō, -ōnis f.canvassing for office; ambition, desire for honours
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
que, enclitic conj.and
sollicitus, -a, -umtroubled, anxious
cupiditās, -tātis, f.desire, longing, eagerness
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
modo, adv.only
reprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsumblame, criticise
palam (adv.)openly, publicly
sed, conj.but
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
obscūrē (adv.)darkly, in a hidden way, obscurely
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
rūmor, -ōris m.rumour, report
fābula, -ae, f.story
falsus, -a, -umfeigned, pretended, false
fingō, fingere, finxī, fictusinvent, make up
levis, -elight, slight
perhorrēscō, -horrēscere, -horruīshudder at, be terrified of
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
oculus, -ī, m.eye
intueor, -tuērī, -tuituslook upon, behold
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
tam, adv.so
mollis, -esoft, weak
tener, -era, -erumyoung, tender
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
fragilis, -eeasily broken, frail, fragile
flexibilis, -eflexible, pliant; fickle
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
ergā, prep, with acc.toward, for
nōsplur. of ego
sēnsus, -ūs m.feeling, sensation; perception; sentiment
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
improbitās, -ātis f.wickedness, dishonesty
īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātusbe angry
candidātus, -ī m.candidate for office
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
rēctē (adv.)rightly, properly; safely
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
saepe, adv.often, frequently
fastīdiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfeel disgust at, be sick of, scorn
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
exoptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumlong for, earnestly desire
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
prōpōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput or set before, offer, propose; set forth, say
cruentus, -a, -umbloody, blood-stained
manus, -ūs, f.hand
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
prae (prep. + abl.)in comparison with; because of
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
cōnfiteor, -ērī, -fessus sumadmit, confess
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
augustus, -a, -umvenerable, majestic, sacred
centuria, -ae f.century, a division of a hundred (of men, of cavalry)
auspicium, -ī n.taking of the auspices (reading the will of the gods from birds); omen
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
crēdibilis, -ecredible
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
regnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreign, rule
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
ignōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe ignorant of
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
inlecebra, -ae f.allurement, enticement, charm
peccō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdo wrong
impūnitās, -ātis f.freedom from punishment
spēs, speī, f.hope
uter, utra, utrumwhich? of two
nunc, adv.now
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
factum, -ī n.deed, act
praeclārus, -clāra, -clārumvery bright; splendid, remarkable, famous
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
necessārius, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m.necessary, critical; (noun) close friend, relative
an, conj.or (in questions)
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
contemnō, -ere, -tempsī, -temptusdespise, scorn, think little of
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
dēlectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplease, delight; passive: enjoy, take pleasure in
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
fās (indecl.) n.what is right by divine law (fās est: it is allowed)
lēx, lēgis f.law
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
argūmentor, -ārī, -ātus sumargue, offer proofs
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
disputō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdiscuss, argue
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
bonus, -a, -umgood
fortis, -ebrave
testor, -ārī, -ātus sumbear witness, declare, call to witness
dīvīnus, -a, -umdivine, of the gods
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
sors, sortis, f.lot
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
vōsplur. of tū
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
pereō, -īre, -ii, -itūruspass away, perish
trīduum, -ī n.three days
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
tertius, -a, -umthird
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
aperiō, -īre, -uī, -tusopen
Cicero, Pro Milone. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes II (Oxford, 1918), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.