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Cicero · Pro Milone

Pro Milone 13

Milo had nothing to gain

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Mil. 13.1Quid?What? Mil. 13.1tū mē tibi īrātum, Sexte, putās, cuius tū inimīcissimum multō crūdēlius etiam pūnītus es, quam erat hūmānitātis meae postulāre?do you think I am angry with you, Sextus, when you punished my bitterest enemy far more cruelly even than my humanity could have demanded? Mil. 13.1Tū P. Clōdī cruentum cadāver ēiēcistī domō, tū in pūblicum abiēcistī, tū spoliātum imāginibus, exsequiīs, pompā, laudātiōne, īnfēlīcissimīs lignīs sēmiustilātum nocturnīs canibus dīlaniandum relīquistī.You threw the bloody corpse of Publius Clodius out of the house, you cast it into the street, you left it, stripped of ancestral masks, funeral rites, procession and eulogy, half burnt on ill-omened logs, to be torn apart by dogs in the night. Mil. 13.1Quā rē, etsī nefāriē fēcistī, tamen, quoniam in meō inimīcō crūdēlitātem exprōmpsistī tuam, laudāre nōn possum, īrāscī certē nōn dēbeō.Therefore, although you acted wickedly, still, since it was on my enemy that you displayed your cruelty, I cannot praise you, but I certainly ought not to be angry. Mil. 13.34Audīstis, iūdicēs, quantum Clōdī interfuerit occīdī Milōnem: convertite animōs nunc vicissim ad Milōnem.You have heard, judges, how much it mattered to Clodius that Milo should be killed: now turn your minds in turn to Milo.

Mil. 13.34Quid Milōnis intererat interficī Clōdium?What did it matter to Milo that Clodius should be killed? Mil. 13.34quid erat cūr Milō nōn dīcam admitteret, sed optāret?what reason was there why Milo should, I will not say commit it, but even wish for it? Mil. 13.34"Obstābat in spē cōnsulātūs Milōnī Clōdius."'Clodius stood in Milo's way in his hope of the consulship.' Mil. 13.34At eō repugnante fīēbat, immō vērō eō fīēbat magis, nec mē suffrāgātōre meliōre ūtēbātur quam Clōdiō.But he was being elected in spite of Clodius's opposition, or rather was being elected all the more because of it, nor did he find me a better canvasser than Clodius. Mil. 13.34Valēbat apud vōs, iūdicēs, Milōnis ergā mē remque pūblicam meritōrum memoria, valēbant precēs et lacrimae nostrae, quibus ego tum vōs mīrificē movērī sentiēbam, sed plūs multō valēbat perīculōrum impendentium timor.There weighed with you, judges, the memory of Milo's services to me and to the state; there weighed my prayers and tears, by which I felt then that you were wonderfully moved; but far more weighty was the fear of impending dangers.

Mil. 13.34Quis enim erat cīvium quī sibi solūtam P. Clōdī praetūram sine maximō rērum novārum metū prōpōneret?For which of the citizens could picture to himself the unbridled praetorship of Publius Clodius without the greatest fear of revolution? Mil. 13.34Solūtam autem fore vidēbātis, nisi esset is cōnsul quī eam audēret possetque cōnstringere.And you saw that it would be unbridled, unless there were a consul who would dare and be able to bind it fast. Mil. 13.34Eum Milōnem ūnum esse cum sentīret ūniversus populus Rōmānus, quis dubitāret suffrāgiō suō sē metū, perīculō rem pūblicam līberāre?Since the whole Roman people felt that Milo alone was that man, who would hesitate by his vote to free himself from fear and the state from danger? Mil. 13.34At nunc, Clōdiō remōtō, ūsitātīs iam rēbus ēnītendum est Milōnī ut tueātur dignitātem suam;But now, with Clodius removed, Milo must strive by ordinary means to maintain his standing; Mil. 13.34singulāris illa et huic ūnī concessa glōria quae cōtīdiē augēbātur frangendīs furōribus Clōdiānīs iam Clōdī morte cecidit.that unique glory, granted to him alone, which was growing daily through the crushing of Clodius's frenzies, has now fallen with the death of Clodius.

Mil. 13.34Vōs adeptī estis nē quem cīvem metuerētis;You have gained this: that you need fear no citizen; Mil. 13.34hic exercitātiōnem virtūtis, suffrāgātiōnem cōnsulātūs, fontem perennem glōriae suae perdidit.he has lost the exercise of his courage, the support for his consulship, the everlasting fountain of his glory. Mil. 13.34Itaque Milōnis cōnsulātus quī vīvō Clōdiō labefactārī nōn poterat mortuō dēnique temptārī coeptus est.And so Milo's consulship, which could not be shaken while Clodius lived, has at last begun to be assailed now that he is dead. Mil. 13.34Nōn modo igitur nihil prōdest sed obest etiam Clōdī mors Milōnī.So the death of Clodius not only does Milo no good, but actually harms him. Mil. 13.35"At valuit odium, fēcit īrātus, fēcit inimīcus, fuit ultor iniūriae, pūnītor dolōris suī."'But hatred prevailed, he acted in anger, he acted as an enemy, he was the avenger of a wrong, the punisher of his own grievance.' Mil. 13.35Quid?What? Mil. 13.35sī haec nōn dīcō maiōra fuērunt in Clōdiō quam in Milōne, sed in illō maxima, nūlla in hōc, quid voltis amplius?if these feelings, I will not say were greater in Clodius than in Milo, but were at their height in him and absent in Milo, what more do you want?

Mil. 13.35Quid enim ōdisset Clōdium Milō, segetem ac māteriam suae glōriae, praeter hoc cīvīle odium quō omnīs improbōs ōdimus?For why should Milo have hated Clodius, the harvest and material of his own glory, beyond that civic hatred with which we hate all the wicked? Mil. 13.35Illī erat ut ōdisset prīmum dēfēnsōrem salūtis meae, deinde vexātōrem furōris, domitōrem armōrum suōrum, postrēmō etiam accūsātōrem suum;Clodius had reason to hate him, first as the defender of my safety, then as the harrier of his madness and the tamer of his armed bands, and finally even as his own prosecutor; Mil. 13.35reus enim Milōnis lēge Plōtiā fuit Clōdius quoad vīxit.for Clodius was a defendant under the Plotian law, prosecuted by Milo, as long as he lived. Mil. 13.35Quō tandem animō hoc tyrannum illum tulisse crēditis?With what feelings, pray, do you believe that tyrant bore this? Mil. 13.35quantum odium illīus et in homine iniūstō quam etiam iūstum fuisse?how great was his hatred, and how justified even, in an unjust man?

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×4, gerunds and gerundives ×3, ablative absolute ×2, purpose clauses ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (206 words)
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
īrātus, -a, -umangered, enraged, angry, furious
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
inimīcus, -a, -umunfriendly, hostile
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
crūdēliter (adv.)cruelly
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
pūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītuspunish
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
hūmānitās, -tātis f.culture, refinement
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
cruentus, -a, -umbloody, blood-stained
cadāver, -eris, n.dead body, corpse, carcass
ēiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow out; sē ēicere: rush out
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
pūblicum, -ī n.open street, public place
abiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow away
spoliō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstrip, rob
imāgō, -inis f.likeness, image, portrait
exsequiae, -ārum f. pl.funeral procession, funeral rites
pompa, -ae f.procession, parade
laudātiō, -ōnis f.praise; eulogy, funeral speech; character reference
īnfēlīx, -fēlīcis, adj.unhappy, unfortunate
lignum, -ī, n.wood
sēmiustulō (sēmiustilō), -āre, -āvī, -ātushalf-burn, scorch
nocturnus, -a, -umof night, nocturnal; nocturnum tempus, night-time
canis, -is, m. and f.dog
dīlaniō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustear to pieces, mangle
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
etsī, conj.even if, although
nefāriē, adv.wickedly, abominably
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
quoniam, conj.since now, since
crūdēlitās, -ātis f.cruelty
exprōmō, -prōmere, -prōmpsī, -prōmptusbring out, display; spend
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
nōn, adv.not
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātusbe angry
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
quantum, adv.how much? how?
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrusbe or lie between
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
nunc, adv.now
vicissim (adv.)in turn
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
cūr, adv.why
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
admittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend to, admit; allow
sed, conj.but
optō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswish for, desire; pray for
obstō, -stāre, -stitīstand in the way, block, oppose (+ dat.)
spēs, speī, f.hope
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
at, conj.but
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
repugnō, -pugnāre, -pugnāvī, -pugnātusfight against, struggle, resist
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
immō (adv.)no rather, on the contrary; immō vērō: no, indeed, even
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
suffrāgātor, -ōris m.supporter, canvasser in an election
bonus, -a, -umgood
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
vōsplur. of tū
ergā, prep, with acc.toward, for
que, enclitic conj.and
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
meritum, -ī n.service, desert
memoria, -ae, f.memory
prex, precis f. (usu. pl.)prayer, entreaty
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
lacrima, -ae, f.tear
noster, -tra, -trumour
tum, adv.then, at that time
mīrificē (adv.)wonderfully, extraordinarily
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
plūs (adv.)more
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
impendeō, -ērehang over, overhang
timor, -ōris, m.fear
enim, conj.for
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtusloosen, unbind, release; pay; with or without nāvem, cast off, set sail, put to sea
praetūra, -ae f.praetorship
sine, prep. with abl.without
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
prōpōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput or set before, offer, propose; set forth, say
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
nisi, conj.if not, unless
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
cōnstringō, -ere, -strīnxī, -strictusbind tight; restrain, hold in check
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
ūniversus, -a, -umall together, whole, entire, all
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
suffrāgium, -ī n.vote
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
līberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset free, free, liberate, release
removeō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove back, remove
ūsitātus, -a, -umusual, familiar, in common use
iam, adv.now, already
ēnītor, -ī, -nīsus (-nīxus) sumstruggle upward; strive, exert oneself
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
tueor, -ērī, tuitus sumwatch over, protect, defend
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
singulāris, -esingle; remarkable
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
glōria, -ae, f.glory
cottīdiē, adv.daily, every day
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctusbreak; dash to pieces, wreck
furor, -ōris, m.rage, fury, frenzy, madness
Clōdiānus, -a, -umof Clodius, Clodian
mors, mortīs, f.death
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
adipīscor, -ī, adeptus sumobtain, win, gain
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
metuō, -ere, metuīfear, be afraid of
exercitātiō, -ōnis, f.exercise
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
suffrāgātiō, -ōnis f.voting support, canvassing for a candidate
fōns, fontis, m.fountain, spring
perennis, -elasting throughout the year, perennial, perpetual
perdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusdestroy, ruin; lose, waste
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
labefactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshake, weaken, undermine
mortuus, -a, -umdead
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry, attempt
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
modo, adv.only
igitur, conj.therefore
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuībe of advantage, profit, avail, assist
obsum, -esse, -fuībe against, harm (with dat.)
odium, -ī, n.hatred
ultor, -ōris m.avenger
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
pūnītor, -ōris m.punisher, avenger
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
sī, conj.if
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
volō, velle, voluīwish
amplius (adv.)more, further
ōdī, ōdisse, used only in tenses of completed action with the force of tenses of incomplete actionhate
seges, -etis f.field of grain, standing crop
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
māteria, -ae f.timber, material
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
cīvīlis, -eof citizens; bellum cīvīle: civil war
omnis, -eall, every
improbus, -a, -umwicked, shameless; persistent, relentless; as noun: rogue
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
dēfēnsor, -ōris m.defender
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
deinde, adv.then, next
vexātor, -ōris m.harasser, persecutor
domitor, -ōris m.tamer, breaker (of horses); conqueror
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
postrēmō (adv.)finally, at last
accūsātor, -ōris m.accuser, prosecutor
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
lēx, lēgis f.law
quoad (conj.)as long as; until
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
tyrannus, -ī m.tyrant, despot
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
homō, hominis, m.man
iniūstus, -a, -umunjust, unfair; harsh
iūstus, -a, -umjust
Cicero, Pro Milone. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes II (Oxford, 1918), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.