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Cicero · Pro Milone

Pro Milone 11

The question: who ambushed whom

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Mil. 11.1Haec sīcutī exposuī ita gesta sunt, iūdicēs: īnsidiātor superātus est, vī victa vīs vel potius oppressa virtūte audācia est.These things were done just as I have set them out, judges: the waylayer was overcome, violence was conquered by violence, or rather audacity was crushed by courage. Mil. 11.1Nihil dīcō quid rēs pūblica cōnsecūta sit, nihil quid vōs, nihil quid omnēs bonī: nihil sānē id prōsit Milōnī, quī hōc fātō nātus est ut nē sē quidem servāre potuerit quīn ūnā rem pūblicam vōsque servāret.I say nothing of what the state has gained, nothing of what you have gained, nothing of what all good men have: by all means let that be of no benefit to Milo, who was born under such a destiny that he could not even save himself without saving the state and you along with him. Mil. 11.1Sī id iūre fierī nōn potuit, nihil habeō quod dēfendam.If this could not be done lawfully, I have nothing to defend. Mil. 11.1Sīn hoc et ratiō doctīs et necessitās barbarīs et mōs gentibus et ferīs nātūra ipsa praescrīpsit ut omnem semper vim quācumque ope possent ā corpore, ā capite, ā vītā suā prōpulsārent, nōn potestis hoc facinus improbum iūdicāre quīn simul iūdicētis omnibus quī in latrōnēs inciderint aut illōrum tēlīs aut vestrīs sententiīs esse pereundum.But if reason has prescribed to the learned, necessity to barbarians, custom to nations, and nature herself to wild beasts, that they should always drive off all violence, by whatever means they can, from their body, their head, their life, you cannot judge this deed wicked without judging at the same time that all who have fallen among brigands must perish either by their weapons or by your verdicts.

Mil. 11.31Quod sī ita putāsset, certē optābilius Milōnī fuit dare iugulum P. Clōdiō, nōn semel ab illō neque tum prīmum petītum, quam iugulārī ā vōbīs, quia sē nōn iugulandum illī trādidisset.If he had thought so, surely it would have been preferable for Milo to offer his throat to Publius Clodius, which had been sought by him more than once and not then for the first time, rather than to have his throat cut by you because he had not surrendered it to Clodius to be cut. Mil. 11.31Sīn hoc nēmō vestrum ita sentit, illud iam in iūdicium venit, nōn occīsusne sit, quod fatēmur, sed iūre an iniūriā, quod multīs in causīs saepe quaesītum est.But if none of you thinks so, the question now coming to judgement is not whether he was killed, which we admit, but whether rightly or wrongly, which has often been inquired into in many cases. Mil. 11.31Īnsidiās factās esse cōnstat, et id est quod senātus contrā rem pūblicam factum iūdicāvit;That an ambush was laid is agreed, and that is what the senate judged to have been done against the state; Mil. 11.31ab utrō factae sint incertum est.by which of the two it was laid is uncertain.

Mil. 11.31Dē hōc igitur lātum est ut quaererētur.It was concerning this, then, that a bill was passed for an inquiry. Mil. 11.31Ita et senātus rem, nōn hominem notāvit et Pompeius dē iūre, nōn dē factō quaestiōnem tulit.Thus both the senate censured the deed, not the man, and Pompey proposed an inquiry concerning the right, not the fact.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×2, indirect statement ×2, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (123 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
sīcutī (adv.)just as, as
expōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
īnsidiātor, -ōris m.a man lying in ambush; (pl.) the ambushers
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
velor; vel … vel: either … or
potius (adv.)rather
opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress against, overpower, crush
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
cōnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, follow; overtake
vōsplur. of tū
omnis, -eall, every
bonus, -a, -umgood
sānē, adv.certainly, by all means; very
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuībe of advantage, profit, avail, assist
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
fātum, -ī, n.destiny, fate
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
ūnātogether, along
que, enclitic conj.and
sī, conj.if
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
nōn, adv.not
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
sīn (conj.)but if
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
doctus, -a, -umlearned, skilled, trained (in: abl.)
necessitās, -ātis f.necessity, compulsion
barbarus, -a, -umbarbarian
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
fera, -ae, f.wild animal, beast
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
praescrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptumprescribe, dictate
semper, adv.always
quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumquewhoever, whatever
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
corpus, corporis, n.body
caput, capitis, n.head
vīta, -ae, f.life
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
prōpulsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdrive back
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
improbus, -a, -umwicked, shameless; persistent, relentless; as noun: rogue
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
latrō, -ōnis, m.robber
incidō, -cidere, -cidīfall into or upon
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
vester, -tra, -trumyour
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
pereō, -īre, -ii, -itūruspass away, perish
quod, conj.that, in that, because
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
optābilis, -edesirable, to be wished for
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
iugulum, -ī n.throat
semel (adv.)once (semel atque iterum: again and again)
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
tum, adv.then, at that time
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
iugulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscut the throat of, murder
quia (conj.)because
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
iam, adv.now, already
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
fateor, -ērī, fassus sumadmit, confess
sed, conj.but
an, conj.or (in questions)
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
saepe, adv.often, frequently
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
senātus, -ūs m.senate
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
uter, utra, utrumwhich? of two
incertus, -a, -umuncertain, unreliable
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
igitur, conj.therefore
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
homō, hominis, m.man
notō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmark, note; single out
factum, -ī n.deed, act
quaestiō, -ōnis f.inquiry, examination
Cicero, Pro Milone. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes II (Oxford, 1918), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.