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Cicero · Pro Caelio

Pro Caelio 9

Hidden attackers and eager witnesses

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Cael. 9.1Sed tōtum genus oppugnātiōnis huius, iūdicēs, et iam prōspicitis animīs et, cum īnferētur, prōpulsāre dēbēbitis.But this whole kind of attack, gentlemen, you both already foresee in your minds and, when it is brought in, will have to repel. Cael. 9.1Nōn enim ab īsdem accūsātur M. Caelius ā quibus oppugnātur;For Marcus Caelius is not accused by the same people by whom he is attacked; Cael. 9.1palam in eum tēla iaciuntur, clam subministrantur.the weapons are hurled at him openly, but supplied in secret. Cael. 9.21Neque ego id dīcō ut invidiōsum sit in eōs quibus glōriōsum etiam hoc esse dēbet.Nor do I say this in order to raise ill will against those for whom this ought even to be a source of glory. Cael. 9.21Funguntur officiō, dēfendunt suōs, faciunt quod virī fortissimī solent;They are doing their duty, they are defending their own, they are doing what the bravest men are accustomed to do; Cael. 9.21laesī dolent, īrātī efferuntur, pugnant lacessītī.when hurt they feel pain, when angry they are carried away, when provoked they fight.

Cael. 9.21Sed vestrae sapientiae tamen est, iūdicēs, nōn, sī causa iūsta est virīs fortibus oppugnandī M. Caelium, ideō vōbīs quoque causam putāre esse iūstam aliēnō dolōrī potius quam vestrae fideī cōnsulendī.But it is nonetheless for your wisdom, gentlemen, not to think that, if brave men have just cause for attacking Marcus Caelius, you therefore also have just cause to consult another's resentment rather than your own oath. Cael. 9.21Iam quae sit multitūdō in forō, quae genera, quae studia, quae varietās hominum vidētis.You see now what a crowd there is in the forum, what sorts, what interests, what variety of men. Cael. 9.21Ex hāc cōpiā quam multōs esse arbitrāminī quī hominibus potentibus, grātiōsīs, disertīs, cum aliquid eōs velle arbitrentur, ultrō sē offerre soleant, operam nāvāre, testimōnium pollicērī?Of this multitude, how many do you think there are who are accustomed to offer themselves unasked to powerful, influential and eloquent men, when they think they want something, to lend their efforts, to promise testimony? Cael. 9.22Hōc ex genere sī quī sē in hoc iūdicium forte prōiēcerint, exclūditōte eōrum cupiditātem, iūdicēs, sapientiā vestrā, ut eōdem tempore et huius salūtī et religiōnī vestrae et contrā perīculōsās hominum potentiās condiciōnī omnium cīvium prōvīdisse videāminī.If any of this kind happen to thrust themselves into this trial, shut out their eagerness, gentlemen, by your wisdom, so that you may be seen at one and the same time to have provided for this man's safety, for your own oath, and for the position of all citizens against the dangerous power of individuals.

Cael. 9.22Equidem vōs abdūcam ā testibus neque huius iūdicī vēritātem quae mūtārī nūllō modō potest in voluntāte testium conlocārī sinam quae facillimē fingī, nūllō negōtiō flectī ac dētorquērī potest.For my part, I shall lead you away from the witnesses, nor shall I allow the truth of this trial, which can in no way be altered, to be placed in the will of witnesses, which can very easily be fabricated and bent and twisted without any trouble. Cael. 9.22Argūmentīs agēmus, signīs lūce omnī clāriōribus crīmina refellēmus;We shall proceed by arguments, we shall refute the charges with proofs clearer than any daylight; Cael. 9.22rēs cum rē, causa cum causā, ratiō cum ratiōne pugnābit.fact will fight with fact, case with case, reasoning with reasoning.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×2, indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (132 words)
sed, conj.but
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
oppugnātiō, -ōnis f.siege, assault on a town
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
iam, adv.now, already
prōspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumlook ahead, provide for (+ dat.)
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
prōpulsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdrive back
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
nōn, adv.not
enim, conj.for
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
palam (adv.)openly, publicly
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
iaciō, iacere, iēcī, iactusthrow, cast, hurl
clam (adv.)secretly
subministrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumsupply, furnish
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
invidiōsus, -a, -umarousing ill-will, odious
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
glōriōsus, -a, -umglorious; boastful
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
fungor, fungī, fūnctus sum (+ abl.)perform, carry out, discharge
officium, -ī, n.service; duty
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
vir, virī, m.man
fortis, -ebrave
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
laedō, -ere, laesī, laesushurt, injure; break (an oath)
doleō, -ēre, doluī, dolitumgrieve, be pained
īrātus, -a, -umangered, enraged, angry, furious
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
lacessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītumprovoke, harass
vester, -tra, -trumyour
sapientia, -ae f.wisdom, good sense
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
sī, conj.if
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
iūstus, -a, -umjust
ideō (adv.)for that reason, therefore
vōsplur. of tū
quoque, adv.also
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
potius (adv.)rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
varietās, -ātis f.variety; mottled color
homō, hominis, m.man
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
potēns, -entispowerful
grātiōsus, -a, -umpopular, influential; obliging, done as a favour
disertus, -a, -umeloquent, skilled in speaking
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
volō, velle, voluīwish
ultrō (adv.)of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātusbear to, proffer, offer
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
nāvō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdo with energy (operam nāvāre: do one's best)
testimōnium, -ī n.evidence, proof
polliceor, -licērī, -licituspromise
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
prōiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow forth or down, cast away, throw
exclūdō, -clūdere, -clūsī, -clūsusshut out, hinder, prevent
cupiditās, -tātis, f.desire, longing, eagerness
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
religiō, -ōnis f.religious scruple, religious duty
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
perīculōsus, -a, -umdangerous
potentia, -ae f.power, influence
condiciō, -ōnis f.terms; condition, status
omnis, -eall, every
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsumforesee; provide for
equidem (adv.)indeed, truly; for my part
abdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead or take away
testis, -is m./f.witness
vēritās, -ātis f.truth
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
conlocō, -locāre, -locāvī, -locātusplace together, put, place
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
facile, adv.easily
fingō, fingere, finxī, fictusinvent, make up
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
flectō, -ere, flexī, flexusbend, turn
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
dētorqueō, -ēre, -torsī, -tortusturn aside, turn
argūmentum, -ī n.proof, evidence
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
lūx, lūcis, f.light
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
refellō, -ere, -fellīrefute, disprove
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
cum, prep, with abl.with
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
Cicero, Pro Caelio. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.