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Cicero · Pro Caelio

Pro Caelio 5

Guarding youth; Catiline's allure

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Cael. 5.1Tot igitur annōs versātus in forō sine suspīciōne, sine īnfāmiā, studuit Catilīnae iterum petentī.So, having spent so many years in the forum without suspicion, without disgrace, he supported Catiline when he stood a second time. Cael. 5.1Quem ergō ad fīnem putās custōdiendam illam aetātem fuisse?Until what point, then, do you think that age should have been guarded? Cael. 5.1Nōbīs quidem ōlim annus erat ūnus ad cohibendum bracchium togā cōnstitūtus, et ut exercitātiōne lūdōque campestrī tunicātī ūterēmur, eademque erat, sī statim merēre stīpendia coeperāmus, castrēnsis ratiō ac mīlitāris.In our day, indeed, one year was laid down for keeping the arm inside the toga, and for taking our exercise and sport on the Campus in tunics, and the same rule held in camp and military life, if we had begun to serve at once. Cael. 5.1Quā in aetāte nisi quī sē ipse suā gravitāte et castimōniā et cum disciplīnā domesticā tum etiam nātūrālī quōdam bonō dēfenderet, quōquō modō ā suīs custōdītus esset, tamen īnfāmiam vēram effugere nōn poterat.At that age, unless a man protected himself by his own seriousness and purity, and by his training at home as well as by some natural goodness, however he was guarded by his family, he could not escape a disgrace that was deserved.

Cael. 5.1Sed quī prīma illa initia aetātis integra atque inviolāta praestitisset, dē eius fāmā ac pudīcitiā, cum iam sēsē conrōborāvisset ac vir inter virōs esset, nēmō loquēbātur.But if a man had kept those first beginnings of his life pure and unblemished, no one spoke about his reputation and chastity once he had grown strong and was a man among men. Cael. 5.12At studuit Catilīnae, cum iam aliquot annōs esset in forō, Caelius.But, you say, Caelius supported Catiline when he had already been some years in the forum. Cael. 5.12Et multī hoc idem ex omnī ōrdine atque ex omnī aetāte fēcērunt.And many from every rank and of every age did the very same. Cael. 5.12Habuit enim ille, sīcutī meminisse vōs arbitror, permulta maximārum nōn expressa signa sed adumbrāta virtūtum.For that man had, as I think you remember, a great many signs of the greatest virtues, not fully formed but sketched in outline. Cael. 5.12Vtēbātur hominibus improbīs multīs;He made use of many wicked men; Cael. 5.12et quidem optimīs sē virīs dēditum esse simulābat.and yet he pretended to be devoted to the best of men. Cael. 5.12Erant apud illum inlecebrae libīdinum multae;There were in him many enticements to lust; Cael. 5.12erant etiam industriae quīdam stimulī ac labōris.there were also certain spurs to industry and toil.

Cael. 5.12Flagrābant vitia libīdinis apud illum;The vices of lust blazed in him; Cael. 5.12vigēbant etiam studia reī mīlitāris.but zeal for military affairs also flourished. Cael. 5.12Neque ego umquam fuisse tāle mōnstrum in terrīs ūllum putō, tam ex contrāriīs dīversīsque atque inter sē pugnantibus nātūrae studiīs cupiditātibusque cōnflātum.Nor do I think there was ever such a monster on earth, so fused together from contrary, opposed and mutually warring passions and desires of nature.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×2, indirect statement ×5, purpose clauses ×1, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (138 words)
tot (indecl.)so many
igitur, conj.therefore
annus, -ī, m.year
versor, -ārī, -ātuskeep turning, be busy or employed, be
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
sine, prep. with abl.without
suspīciō, -ōnis, f.suspicion
īnfāmia, -ae f.disgrace, dishonor
studeō, -ēre, -uībe eager, give attention, apply oneself
iterum, adv.again, a second time
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
custōdiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusguard
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
aetās, -tātis, f.age
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
nōsplur. of ego
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
ōlim, adv.once upon a time, once, formerly, of old
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
cohibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold back, restrain, keep in check
bracchium, -ī, n.arm
toga, -ae f.toga, the Roman citizen's garment of peace
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
exercitātiō, -ōnis, f.exercise
lūdus, -ī, m.game, sport
que, enclitic conj.and
campester, -tris, -treof the plain, flat, level
tunicātus, -a, -umwearing only a tunic; (of the common people) in working dress
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
sī, conj.if
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
mereor, -ērī, meritus sumdeserve; (dē) do service to
stīpendium, -ī, n.tax, tribute
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
castrēnsis, -eof the camp, military
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nisi, conj.if not, unless
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
gravitās, -ātis f.weight, heaviness; dignity, seriousness
castimōnia, -ae f.chastity, purity, moral purity
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
disciplīna, -ae f.training, discipline
domesticus, -a, -umof one's own home, domestic
tum, adv.then, at that time
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
nātūrālis, -enatural, by nature
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
effugio, -fugere, -fūgīflee out or away, escape
nōn, adv.not
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
sed, conj.but
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
initium, -ī, n.beginning
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
inviolātus, -a, -umunharmed; sacred, inviolable
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
pudīcitia, -ae f.chastity, modesty
iam, adv.now, already
conrōborō (corrōborō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusstrengthen, make firm
vir, virī, m.man
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
at, conj.but
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
omnis, -eall, every
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
enim, conj.for
sīcutī (adv.)just as, as
meminī, meminisseremember
vōsplur. of tū
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
permultus, -a, -umvery many, very much
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
exprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress out
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
adumbrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussketch, outline; imitate, feign; (ppp.) shadowy, sham
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
homō, hominis, m.man
improbus, -a, -umwicked, shameless; persistent, relentless; as noun: rogue
bonus, -a, -umgood
dēditus, -a, -umdevoted, given up (to)
simulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpretend
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
inlecebra, -ae f.allurement, enticement, charm
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
industria, -ae f.diligence, hard work
stimulus, -ī m.goad; in Caesar an iron spike set in the ground
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
flagrō, -āre, -āvīblaze, burn; be inflamed (with: abl.)
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
vigeō, -ēre, -uībe strong, thrive, flourish
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
umquam, adv.ever
tālis, -esuch
mōnstrum, -ī, n.wonder, monster
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
ūllus, -a, -umany
tam, adv.so
contrārius, -a, -umopposite, facing
dīversus, -a, -umturned different ways, opposite, contrary, different
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
cupiditās, -tātis, f.desire, longing, eagerness
cōnflō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusblow up, kindle; bring together, scrape together; stir up (hatred)
Cicero, Pro Caelio. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.