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Cicero · Pro Caelio

Pro Caelio 3

Abuse is not accusation

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Cael. 3.1ut ad mē revertar, ab hīs fontibus prōflūxī ad hominum fāmam, et meus hic forēnsis labor vītaeque ratiō dēmānāvit ad exīstimātiōnem hominum paulō lātius commendātiōne ac iūdiciō meōrum.to return to myself, it was from these sources that I flowed out to public renown, and this work of mine in the courts and my way of life spread rather more widely into men's esteem through the commendation and judgement of my own people. Cael. 3.1Nam quod obiectum est dē pudīcitiā quodque omnium accūsātōrum nōn crīminibus sed vōcibus maledictīsque celebrātum est, id numquam tam acerbē feret M. Caelius ut eum paeniteat nōn dēfōrmem esse nātum.As for the charge made about his chastity, which has been bandied about not in the charges but in the clamour and abuse of all the prosecutors, Marcus Caelius will never take it so bitterly as to regret that he was not born ugly. Cael. 3.1Sunt enim ista maledicta pervolgāta in omnīs quōrum in adulēscentiā fōrma et speciēs fuit līberālis.For such abuse is commonly levelled at all whose looks and appearance in youth were handsome. Cael. 3.1Sed aliud est male dīcere, aliud accūsāre.But it is one thing to abuse, another to accuse.

Cael. 3.1Accūsātiō crīmen dēsīderat, rem ut dēfīniat, hominem notet, argūmentō probet, teste cōnfirmet;An accusation requires a charge, so as to define the act, to brand the man, to prove it by argument, to confirm it by witness; Cael. 3.1maledictiō autem nihil habet prōpositī praeter contumēliam;abuse, on the other hand, has no aim beyond insult; Cael. 3.1quae sī petulantius iactātur, convīcium, sī facētius, urbānitās nōminātur.if it is flung about rather insolently, it is called slander; if rather wittily, urbanity. Cael. 3.7Quam quidem partem accūsātiōnis admīrātus sum et molestē tulī potissimum esse Ātrātīnō datam.That part of the accusation, indeed, I was surprised and sorry to see assigned to Atratinus above all. Cael. 3.7Neque enim decēbat neque aetās illa postulābat neque, id quod animum advertere poterātis, pudor patiēbātur optimī adulēscentis in tālī illum ōrātiōne versārī.For it was not fitting, nor did his age require it, nor, as you could observe, did the modesty of this excellent young man allow him to engage in such a speech. Cael. 3.7Vellem aliquis ex vōbīs rōbustiōribus hunc male dīcendī locum suscēpisset;I could wish that one of you sturdier men had taken on this business of abuse; Cael. 3.7aliquantō līberius et fortius et magis mōre nostrō refūtārēmus istam male dīcendī licentiam.I should rebut that licence of abuse rather more freely and boldly, and more in our usual way.

Cael. 3.7Tēcum, Ātrātīne, agam lēnius, quod et pudor tuus moderātur ōrātiōnī meae et meum ergā tē parentemque tuum beneficium tuērī dēbeō.With you, Atratinus, I shall deal more gently, both because your modesty restrains my speech and because I ought to preserve the kindness I have shown to you and your father. Cael. 3.7Illud tamen tē esse admonitum volō, prīmum ut quālis es tālem tē omnēs esse exīstiment, ut quantum ā rērum turpitūdine abes tantum tē ā verbōrum lībertāte sēiungās;Yet I wish you to take this warning: first, that everyone should think you to be such as you are, so that as far as you stand from baseness in deeds, so far you keep yourself from licence in words; Cael. 3.8deinde ut ea in alterum nē dīcās quae, cum tibi falsō respōnsa sint, ērubēscās.next, that you should not say against another what would make you blush if it were falsely said back to you. Cael. 3.8Quis est enim cui via ista nōn pateat, quis est quī huic aetātī atque istī dignitātī nōn possit quam velit petulanter, etiam sī sine ūllā suspīciōne, at nōn sine argūmentō male dīcere?For who is there to whom that road is not open, who is there who could not insolently abuse a man of this age and that standing as much as he likes, even if without any ground for suspicion, yet not without some pretext?

Cael. 3.8Sed istārum partium culpa est eōrum quī tē agere voluērunt;But the blame for that role lies with those who wanted you to play it; Cael. 3.8laus pudōris tuī, quod ea tē invītum dīcere vidēbāmus, ingenī, quod ōrnātē polītēque dīxistī.the credit goes to your modesty, because we saw that you said these things unwillingly, and to your talent, because you said them elegantly and with polish.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×3, indirect statement ×4, ablative absolute ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (163 words)
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertīturn back, return
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
fōns, fontis, m.fountain, spring
prōfluō, -ere, -flūxīflow forth
homō, hominis, m.man
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
forēnsis, -eof the forum, of public business and the law courts
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
vīta, -ae, f.life
que, enclitic conj.and
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
dēmānō, -āreflow down, run down
exīstimātiō, -ōnis f.opinion, reputation
paulō, adv.by a little, a little, somewhat
lātēwidely
commendātiō, -ōnis f.recommendation, backing
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
nam, conj.for
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
pudīcitia, -ae f.chastity, modesty
omnis, -eall, every
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
nōn, adv.not
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
sed, conj.but
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
maledictum, -ī n.insult, abuse
celebrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrong; keep (a festival), celebrate
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
numquam, adv.never
tam, adv.so
acerbē (adv.)harshly, bitterly; acerbius ferre: take hard
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
paenitet, -ēre, -uit (impers.)it repents, it grieves (paenitet mē: I regret, I am sorry)
dēfōrmis, -emisshapen, ugly
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
enim, conj.for
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
pervulgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake widely known
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
adulēscentia, -ae, f.youth
fōrma, -ae, f.form, appearance; beauty
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
līberālis, -ebefitting a free man; generous (with: gen.)
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
male, adv.badly, ill
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
accūsātiō, -ōnis f.accusation, charge
dēsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslong for, miss; require
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
dēfīniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusmark out, fix, set
notō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmark, note; single out
argūmentum, -ī n.proof, evidence
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
testis, -is m./f.witness
cōnfirmō, -firmāre, -firmāvī, -firmātusstrengthen, establish; declare, assert
maledictiō, -ōnis f.abuse, slander; curse
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
prōpositum, -ī n.plan, purpose; the point being made, theme
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
contumēlia, -ae f.insult, outrage
sī, conj.if
petulanter (adv.)insolently, impudently, wantonly
iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtoss about; discuss
convīcium, -ī n.loud noise, wrangling; abuse
facētē (adv.)wittily, cleverly
urbānitās, -ātis f.city manners, refinement; wit, polished humour
nōminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumname, mention
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
admīror, -mīrārī, -mīrātuswonder at, admire
molestē (adv.)with annoyance (molestē ferre: be annoyed at)
potissimum (adv.)above all, in preference to all others
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
decet, decēre, decuit (impers.)it is fitting, it is proper
aetās, -tātis, f.age
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
advertō, -ere, advertī, adversumturn toward (animum advertere: notice)
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
pudor, -ōris m.shame, sense of honour
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
bonus, -a, -umgood
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
tālis, -esuch
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
versor, -ārī, -ātuskeep turning, be busy or employed, be
volō, velle, voluīwish
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
vōsplur. of tū
rōbustus, -a, -umstrong, sturdy
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
aliquantō (adv.)somewhat, considerably
līberē (adv.; comp. līberius)freely, frankly
fortiter, adv.bravely
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
noster, -tra, -trumour
refūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscheck, repel; disprove, avert
licentia, -ae f.freedom; lack of restraint, lawlessness
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
lēniter (adv.)gently
quod, conj.that, in that, because
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
moderor, -ārī, -ātus sumcontrol, manage, check
ergā, prep, with acc.toward, for
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
beneficium, -ī, n.well-doing, kindness, service, benefit
tueor, -ērī, tuitus sumwatch over, protect, defend
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
admoneō, -ēre, -uī, -itusremind, warn, advise
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
quālis, -eof what sort? what kind of?
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
quantum, adv.how much? how?
turpitūdō, -inis f.disgrace
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
verbum, -ī, n.word
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
sēiungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusseparate, disconnect
deinde, adv.then, next
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
falsō (adv.)falsely, wrongly
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
ērubēscō, -ere, -rubuīblush, feel ashamed
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
via, -ae, f.road, way
pateō, -ēre, -uīlie open; extend, stretch
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
sine, prep. with abl.without
ūllus, -a, -umany
suspīciō, -ōnis, f.suspicion
at, conj.but
culpa, -ae f.fault, blame
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
invītus, -a, -umunwilling
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
ōrnātē (adv.)elegantly, ornately
polītē (adv.)in a polished manner, elegantly
Cicero, Pro Caelio. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.