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Cicero · Pro Caelio

Pro Caelio 2

Caelius' father and hometown

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Cael. 2.1Ac mihi quidem vidētur, iūdicēs, hic introitus dēfēnsiōnis adulēscentiae M. Caelī maximē convenīre, ut ad ea quae accūsātōrēs dēfōrmandī huius causā et dētrahendae spoliandaeque dignitātis grātiā dīxērunt prīmum respondeam.And it seems to me, gentlemen, that this opening of my defence suits the youth of Marcus Caelius best: that I should first reply to what the prosecutors have said for the sake of discrediting him and of stripping and robbing him of his standing. Cael. 2.1Obiectus est pater variē, quod aut parum splendidus ipse aut parum piē trāctātus ā fīliō dīcerētur.His father has been brought up against him in various ways, since it was said either that he himself was not distinguished enough or that he had been treated with too little respect by his son. Cael. 2.1Dē dignitāte M. Caelius notīs ac maiōribus nātū etiam sine meā ōrātiōne tacitus facile ipse respondet;As to his standing, Marcus Caelius the father easily answers for himself in silence, even without any speech of mine, to those who know him and to older men; Cael. 2.1quibus autem propter senectūtem, quod iam diū minus in forō nōbīscumque versātur, nōn aequē est cognitus, hī sīc habeant, quaecumque in equite Rōmānō dignitās esse possit, quae certē potest esse maxima, eam semper in M. Caeliō habitam esse summam hodiēque habērī nōn sōlum ā suīs sed etiam ab omnibus quibus potuerit aliquā dē causā esse notus.but as for those to whom, because of his age, since he has for a long time now been less often in the forum and in our company, he is not so well known, let them be assured of this: whatever standing a Roman knight can have — and it can certainly be very great — Marcus Caelius has always been held to have it in the highest degree, and is held to have it today, not only by his own people but by all to whom for any reason he may have been known.

Cael. 2.4Equitis autem Rōmānī esse fīlium crīminis locō pōnī ab accūsātōribus neque hīs iūdicantibus oportuit neque dēfendentibus nōbīs.That he is the son of a Roman knight ought not to have been treated as a charge by the prosecutors, either with these men as judges or with me as counsel for the defence. Cael. 2.4Nam quod dē pietāte dīxistis, est ista quidem nostra exīstimātiō sed iūdicium certē parentis.For as to what you said about filial devotion, that is indeed a matter for our opinion, but the judgement certainly belongs to the parent. Cael. 2.4Quid nōs opīnēmur audiētis ex iūrātīs;What we think you will hear from sworn witnesses; Cael. 2.4quid parentēs sentiant lacrimae mātris incrēdibilisque maeror, squālor patris et haec praesēns maestitia quam cernitis lūctusque dēclārat.what his parents feel is declared by his mother's tears and incredible grief, by his father's mourning dress, and by this present sorrow and grief which you see. Cael. 2.5Nam quod est obiectum mūnicipibus esse adulēscentem nōn probātum suīs, nēminī umquam praesentī †Praetūtiānī† maiōrēs honōrēs habuērunt, iūdicēs, quam absentī M. Caeliō;For as to the charge that the young man was not well thought of by his fellow townsmen, the Praetuttians have never paid greater honours to anyone present, gentlemen, than to Marcus Caelius in his absence; Cael. 2.5quem et absentem in amplissimum ōrdinem cooptārunt et ea nōn petentī dētulērunt quae multīs petentibus dēnegārunt.they both co-opted him into their most distinguished order while he was absent and conferred on him, without his asking, what they had refused to many who asked.

Cael. 2.5Īdemque nunc lēctissimōs virōs et nostrī ōrdinis et equitēs Rōmānōs cum lēgātiōne ad hoc iūdicium et cum gravissimā atque ōrnātissimā laudātiōne mīsērunt.And they have now sent the most select men, both of our order and Roman knights, as a deputation to this trial, with a most weighty and handsome testimonial. Cael. 2.5Videor mihi iēcisse fundāmenta dēfēnsiōnis meae, quae firmissima sunt sī nītuntur iūdiciō suōrum.I think I have laid the foundations of my defence, which are very firm if they rest on the judgement of his own people. Cael. 2.5Neque enim vōbīs satis commendāta huius aetās esse posset, sī nōn modo parentī, tālī virō, vērum etiam mūnicipiō tam inlūstrī ac tam gravī displicēret.For his youth could not be sufficiently commended to you if it displeased not only his parent, such a man as he is, but also a town so distinguished and so respected. Cael. 2.5Equidem,For my part,

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×3, purpose clauses ×1, ablative absolute ×2, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (151 words)
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
introitus, -ūs, m.entrance
dēfēnsiō, -ōnis f.defence
adulēscentia, -ae, f.youth
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
accūsātor, -ōris m.accuser, prosecutor
dēfōrmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdisfigure, mar, spoil
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
dētrahō, -trahere, -trāxī, -trāctusdraw or pull off
spoliō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstrip, rob
que, enclitic conj.and
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
pater, patris, m.father
variē (adv.)in different ways, variously
quod, conj.that, in that, because
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē)too little; minimē: least, not at all
splendidus, -a, -umbright, magnificent
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
piē (adv.)dutifully, piously
trāctō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushandle, touch, feel
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
fīlius, -ī, m.son
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
nōtus, -a, -umknown, well-known, famous
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
nātū (abl. only)by birth (maiōrēs nātū: the elders)
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
sine, prep. with abl.without
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
tacitus, -a, -umsilent
facile, adv.easily
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
senectūs, -tūtis f.old age
iam, adv.now, already
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
minus, comp. adv.less
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
nōsplur. of ego
versor, -ārī, -ātuskeep turning, be busy or employed, be
nōn, adv.not
aequē (adv.)equally, just as; aequē ac: just as
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
sīc, adv.so, thus
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumquewhoever, whatever
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
semper, adv.always
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
hodiē (adv.)today
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
sed, conj.but
omnis, -eall, every
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
nam, conj.for
pietās, -ātis f.dutifulness, devotion to family and gods
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
noster, -tra, -trumour
exīstimātiō, -ōnis f.opinion, reputation
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
opīnor, -ārī, -ātus sumthink, suppose; ut opīnor: I imagine
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
iūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusswear; iūs iūrandum, oath
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
lacrima, -ae, f.tear
māter, mātris, f.mother
incrēdibilis, eincredible
maeror, -ōris m.grief, sorrow
squālor, -ōris, m.dirt, filth
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
maestitia, -ae f.sadness, grief
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
lūctus, -ūs m.grief, mourning
dēclārō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake clear, declare
mūniceps, -cipis m.citizen of a municipium, townsman
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
umquam, adv.ever
honor, -ōris, m.honor
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
absēns, -entisabsent, away
amplus, -a, -umlarge, great; distinguished
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
cooptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, co-opt (as a member)
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
dēnegō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumrefuse
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
nunc, adv.now
lēctus, -a, -umchosen; choice, excellent
vir, virī, m.man
cum, prep, with abl.with
lēgātiō, -ōnis f.embassy, mission
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
ōrnātus, -a, -umequipped, fitted out
laudātiō, -ōnis f.praise; eulogy, funeral speech; character reference
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
iaciō, iacere, iēcī, iactusthrow, cast, hurl
fundāmentum, -ī n.foundation
firmus, -a, -umstrong, steadfast
sī, conj.if
nītor, -ī, nīxus sum (+ abl.)rely on
enim, conj.for
vōsplur. of tū
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
commendō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusentrust, commit; recommend
aetās, -tātis, f.age
modo, adv.only
tālis, -esuch
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
mūnicipium, -ī n.municipium, a self-governing Italian town with Roman citizenship
tam, adv.so
illūstris, -edistinguished, noble
displiceō, -ēre, -uī, -itumdisplease (+ dat.)
equidem (adv.)indeed, truly; for my part
Cicero, Pro Caelio. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.