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Cicero · Pro Caelio

Pro Caelio 23

The poison charge and the slaves

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Cael. 23.1Reliquum est igitur crīmen dē venēnō;There remains, then, the charge about the poison; Cael. 23.1cuius ego nec prīncipium invenīre neque ēvolvere exitum possum.of which I can neither find the beginning nor unravel the end. Cael. 23.1Quae fuit enim causa quam ob rem istī mulierī venēnum dare vellet Caelius?For what reason was there why Caelius should wish to give poison to that woman? Cael. 23.1Nē aurum redderet?So as not to repay the gold? Cael. 23.1Num petīvit?Did she ask for it back? Cael. 23.1Nē crīmen haerēret?So that the charge should not stick? Cael. 23.1Num quis obiēcit?Did anyone bring it against him? Cael. 23.1num quis dēnique fēcisset mentiōnem, sī hic nūllīus nōmen dētulisset?would anyone, in short, have mentioned it, if this man had not prosecuted someone? Cael. 23.1Quīn etiam L. Herennium dīcere audīstis verbō sē molestum nōn futūrum fuisse Caeliō, nisi iterum eādem dē rē suō familiārī absolūtō nōmen hic dētulisset.Indeed, you heard Lucius Herennius say that he would not have troubled Caelius with a single word, had Caelius not prosecuted his friend a second time on the same charge after he had been acquitted.

Cael. 23.1Crēdibile est igitur tantum facinus nūllam ob causam esse commissum?Is it credible, then, that so great a crime was committed for no reason? Cael. 23.1et vōs nōn vidētis fingī sceleris maximī crīmen ut alterīus sceleris suscipiendī fuisse causa videātur?and do you not see that a charge of a very great crime is being invented so that there may seem to have been a motive for undertaking another crime? Cael. 23.57Cui dēnique commīsit, quō adiūtōre ūsus est, quō sociō, quō cōnsciō, cui tantum facinus, cui sē, cui salūtem suam crēdidit?To whom, after all, did he entrust it, whom did he use as helper, as partner, as accomplice, to whom did he trust so great a crime, to whom himself, to whom his own safety? Cael. 23.57Servīsne mulieris?To the woman's slaves? Cael. 23.57Sīc enim est obiectum.For that is what has been charged. Cael. 23.57Et erat tam dēmēns is cui vōs ingenium certē tribuitis, etiam sī cētera inimīcā ōrātiōne dētrahitis, ut omnīs suās fortūnās aliēnīs servīs committeret?And was this man, to whom you certainly allow talent, even if you take away his other qualities in your hostile speech, so mad as to entrust all his fortunes to another's slaves?

Cael. 23.57At quibus servīs?But to what slaves? Cael. 23.57— rēfert enim magnō opere id ipsum — eīsne quōs intellegēbat nōn commūnī condiciōne servitūtis ūtī sed licentius līberius familiāriusque cum dominā vīvere?— for that very point matters greatly — to those whom he knew to be enjoying no ordinary condition of slavery but to be living more licentiously, more freely and more intimately with their mistress? Cael. 23.57Quis enim hoc nōn videt, iūdicēs, aut quis ignōrat, in eius modī domō in quā māter familiās meretrīciō mōre vīvat, in quā nihil gerātur quod forās prōferendum sit, in quā inūsitātae libīdinēs, luxuriēs, omnia dēnique inaudīta vitia ac flāgitia versentur, hīc servōs nōn esse servōs, quibus omnia committantur, per quōs gerantur, quī versentur īsdem in voluptātibus, quibus occulta crēdantur, ad quōs aliquantum etiam ex cōtīdiānīs sūmptibus ac luxuriē redundet?For who does not see this, judges, or who is unaware, that in a house of that kind, in which the mistress of the household lives in the manner of a courtesan, in which nothing is done that is fit to be made public, in which strange lusts, extravagance, in short all unheard-of vices and scandals have their home, here slaves are not slaves, slaves to whom everything is entrusted, through whom it is done, who take part in the same pleasures, to whom secrets are confided, to whom even a good deal of the daily expenses and luxury overflows?

Cael. 23.57Id igitur Caelius nōn vidēbat?Did Caelius, then, not see that? Cael. 23.58Sī enim tam familiāris erat mulieris quam vōs voltis, istōs quoque servōs familiārīs dominae esse sciēbat.For if he was as intimate with the woman as you would have it, he knew that those slaves too were intimate with their mistress. Cael. 23.58Sīn eī tanta cōnsuētūdō quanta ā vōbīs indūcitur nōn erat, quae cum servīs eius potuit familiāritās esse tanta?But if he did not have so close an acquaintance as you make out, what intimacy could he have had with her slaves that was so great?

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×5, gerunds and gerundives ×2, purpose clauses ×1, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (145 words)
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
igitur, conj.therefore
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
venēnum, -ī, n.poison
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
prīncipium, -ī n.beginning; prīncipiō, in the first place
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
ēvolvō, -ere, -volvī, -volūtusroll out, unroll; unfold, relate; disentangle
exitus, -ūs m.way out; outcome, end
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
enim, conj.for
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
mulier, mulieris, f.woman
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
volō, velle, voluīwish
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
aurum, -ī, n.gold
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
num, adv., introducing a question to which a negative answer is expecteduntranslatable
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
haereō, haerēre, haesī, haesūrusstick; hesitate
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
mentiō, -ōnis, f.mention
sī, conj.if
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
verbum, -ī, n.word
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
molestus, -a, -umtroublesome; molestus esse (+ dat.), to bother
nōn, adv.not
nisi, conj.if not, unless
iterum, adv.again, a second time
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
familiāris, -e; as noun, -is m.of the household (rēs familiāris: private property); friend
absolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusrelease, set free; acquit (of: gen.)
crēdibilis, -ecredible
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
vōsplur. of tū
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
fingō, fingere, finxī, fictusinvent, make up
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
adiūtor, -ōris m.helper, assistant
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
cōnscius, -a, -umaware, conscious (of)
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
sīc, adv.so, thus
tam, adv.so
dēmēns, -entisout of one's mind, mad, frantic
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
tribuō, -ere, tribuī, tribūtumassign, attribute
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
inimīcus, -a, -umunfriendly, hostile
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
dētrahō, -trahere, -trāxī, -trāctusdraw or pull off
omnis, -eall, every
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
at, conj.but
rēfert, rēferre, rētulit (impers.)it matters, it is of importance
opus, operis, n.work, task
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
condiciō, -ōnis f.terms; condition, status
servitūs, -tūtis, f.slavery, servitude
sed, conj.but
licenter (adv.)freely, without restraint; licentius: too freely
līberē (adv.; comp. līberius)freely, frankly
familiāriter, adv.on intimate terms, closely
que, enclitic conj.and
cum, prep, with abl.with
domina, -ae, f.mistress
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
ignōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe ignorant of
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
māter, mātris, f.mother
familia, -ae f.household (incl. slaves and dependents)
meretrīcius, -a, -umof a prostitute, courtesan's
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
forās, adv.out of doors, forth, out
prōferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbring forward, bring out
inūsitātus, -a, -umunusual, extraordinary
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
luxuriēs, -ēī f.luxury, extravagance
inaudītus, -a, -umunheard of, new, strange
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
flāgitium, -ī n.shameful act, disgrace, outrage
versor, -ārī, -ātuskeep turning, be busy or employed, be
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
voluptās, -tātis, f.pleasure
occultus, -a, -umhidden, secret
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
aliquantum, -quantī, n.somewhat
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
cottīdiānus, -a, -umdaily
sūmptus, -ūs m.expense
redundō, -āre, -āvīoverflow, spill over (onto); recoil (on)
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
quoque, adv.also
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
sīn (conj.)but if
cōnsuētūdō, -inis f.custom, habit; way of life
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
indūcō, -dūcere, dūxī, -ductuslead in or on, move, excite
familiāritās, -ātis f.close friendship
Cicero, Pro Caelio. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.