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Cicero · Pro Caelio

Pro Caelio 20

A challenge to Clodia

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Cael. 20.1Nihilne igitur illa vīcīnitās redolet, Nihilne hominum fāma, nihil Bāiae dēnique ipsae loquuntur?Does that neighbourhood then give off no scent, does common talk say nothing, does Baiae itself, in short, say nothing? Cael. 20.1Illae vērō nōn loquuntur sōlum vērum etiam personant, hūc ūnīus mulieris libīdinem esse prōlāpsam ut ea nōn modo sōlitūdinem ac tenebrās atque haec flāgitiōrum integumenta nōn quaerat sed in turpissimīs rēbus frequentissimā celebritāte et clārissimā lūce laetētur.Indeed it does not merely speak but resounds with the news that the lust of one woman has sunk so low that she not only does not seek solitude and darkness and these usual cloaks of vice, but rejoices in the most shameful conduct amid the greatest crowds and in the clearest light of day. Cael. 20.48Vērum sī quis est quī etiam meretrīciīs amōribus interdictum iuventūtī putet, est ille quidem valdē sevērus — negāre nōn possum — sed abhorret nōn modo ab huius saeculī licentiā vērum etiam ā maiōrum cōnsuētūdine atque concessīs.But if there is anyone who thinks that young men should be forbidden even love affairs with courtesans, he is very strict indeed — I cannot deny it — but he is at odds not only with the licence of this age but also with the custom and indulgence of our ancestors.

Cael. 20.48Quandō enim hoc nōn factitātum est, quandō reprehēnsum, quandō nōn permissum, quandō dēnique fuit ut quod licet nōn licēret?For when was this not commonly done, when was it censured, when was it not permitted, when, in short, was it the case that what is lawful was not lawful? Cael. 20.48Hīc ego ipsam rem dēfīniam, mulierem nūllam nōminābō;Here I shall define the matter itself, I shall name no woman; Cael. 20.48tantum in mediō relinquam.I shall merely leave it open. Cael. 20.49Sī quae nōn nūpta mulier domum suam patefēcerit omnium cupiditātī palamque sēsē in meretrīciā vītā conlocārit, virōrum aliēnissimōrum convīviīs ūtī īnstituerit, sī hoc in urbe, sī in hortīs, sī in Bāiārum illā celebritāte faciat, sī dēnique ita sēsē gerat nōn incessū sōlum sed ōrnātū atque comitātū, nōn flagrantiā oculōrum, nōn lībertāte sermōnum, sed etiam complexū, ōsculātiōne, actīs, nāvigātiōne, convīviīs, ut nōn sōlum meretrīx sed etiam proterva meretrīx procāxque videātur: cum hāc sī quī adulēscēns forte fuerit, utrum hic tibi, L. Herennī, adulter an amātor, expugnāre pudīcitiam an explēre libīdinem voluisse videātur?If some unmarried woman has thrown open her house to the desires of all and openly set herself up in the life of a courtesan, has made a practice of attending the banquets of men quite unrelated to her, if she does this in the city, in her gardens, amid those crowds at Baiae, if finally she so conducts herself, not only in her gait but in her dress and her company, not only in the fire of her eyes and the freedom of her talk but also in embraces, kisses, beach parties, boating parties, banquets, that she seems not only a courtesan but a wanton and forward courtesan: if some young man should happen to have been with her, would he seem to you, Lucius Herennius, an adulterer or a lover, to have wished to storm her chastity or to satisfy his desire?

Cael. 20.50Oblīvīscor iam iniūriās tuās, Clōdia, dēpōnō memoriam dolōris meī;I now forget your wrongs, Clodia, I lay aside the memory of my own pain; Cael. 20.50quae abs tē crūdēliter in meōs mē absente facta sunt neglegō;what was cruelly done by you against my family in my absence I disregard; Cael. 20.50nē sint haec in tē dicta quae dīxī.let these things that I have said not be said against you. Cael. 20.50Sed ex tē ipsā requīrō, quoniam et crīmen accūsātōrēs abs tē et testem eius crīminis tē ipsam dīcunt sē habēre.But I put the question to you yourself, since the accusers say that they have from you both the charge and, in you yourself, the witness to that charge. Cael. 20.50Sī quae mulier sit eius modī quālem ego paulō ante dēscrīpsī, tuī dissimilis, vītā īnstitūtōque meretrīciō, cum hāc aliquid adulēscentem hominem habuisse ratiōnis num tibi perturpe aut perflāgitiōsum esse videātur?If there were some woman of the kind I described a little earlier, unlike you, with the life and habits of a courtesan, would it seem to you utterly shameful or utterly scandalous that a young man had had some dealings with her?

Cael. 20.50Ea sī tū nōn es, sīcut ego mālō, quid est quod obiciant Caeliō?If you are not that woman, as I prefer to think, what is it that they charge against Caelius? Cael. 20.50Sīn eam tē volunt esse, quid est cūr nōs crīmen hoc, sī tū contemnis, pertimēscāmus?But if they want you to be that woman, what reason is there for us to dread this charge, if you despise it? Cael. 20.50Quā rē nōbīs dā viam ratiōnemque dēfēnsiōnis.So give us the way and the method of our defence. Cael. 20.50Aut enim pudor tuus dēfendet nihil ā M. Caeliō petulantius esse factum, aut impudentia et huic et cēterīs magnam ad sē dēfendendum facultātem dabit.For either your modesty will prove that nothing too wanton was done by Marcus Caelius, or your shamelessness will give both him and the rest great means of defending themselves.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (178 words)
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
igitur, conj.therefore
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
vīcīnitās, -ātis f.neighborhood; the people living nearby
redoleō, -ēregive off a scent, smell of
homō, hominis, m.man
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
nōn, adv.not
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
personō, -āre, -uīresound; play loudly (on an instrument)
hūc, adv.to this place, hither
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
mulier, mulieris, f.woman
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
prōlābor, -lābī, -lāpsus sumslip forward, fall down
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
modo, adv.only
sōlitūdō, -inis f.loneliness; a wilderness, desert
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
tenebrae, -ārum f. pl.darkness
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
flāgitium, -ī n.shameful act, disgrace, outrage
integumentum, -ī n.a covering, cloak, disguise
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
sed, conj.but
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
turpis, -edisgraceful
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
frequēns, -entiscrowded, in great numbers; frequent
celebritās, -ātis f.crowd; fame, renown
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
lūx, lūcis, f.light
laetor, -ārī, -ātus sumrejoice, be glad
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
meretrīcius, -a, -umof a prostitute, courtesan's
amor, -ōris, m.love
interdīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictumforbid; (+ dat. and abl.) bar someone from
iuventūs, -ūtis f.youth; the young men
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
valdē, adv.very, greatly
sevērus, -a, -umstern, strict, severe
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
abhorreō, -ēre, -uīshrink back from; be inconsistent with, be foreign to (ā + abl.)
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
saeculum, -ī n.generation, age; century
licentia, -ae f.freedom; lack of restraint, lawlessness
maiōrēs, -um m. pl.ancestors
cōnsuētūdō, -inis f.custom, habit; way of life
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
enim, conj.for
factitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdo often, make a practice of
reprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsumblame, criticise
permittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumallow, permit; entrust
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
dēfīniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusmark out, fix, set
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
nōminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumname, mention
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
medium, -ī n.the middle; in mediō: in the midst
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
nūbō, -ere, nūpsī, nūptum (+ dat.)marry (said of a woman)
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
patefaciō, -facere, -fēcī, -factusthrow, or lay open, open
omnis, -eall, every
cupiditās, -tātis, f.desire, longing, eagerness
palam (adv.)openly, publicly
que, enclitic conj.and
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
vīta, -ae, f.life
conlocō, -locāre, -locāvī, -locātusplace together, put, place
vir, virī, m.man
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
convīvium, -ī n.banquet, dinner party
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusdecide upon, determine
urbs, urbis, f.city
hortus, -ī, m.garden
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
incessus, -ūs m.walk, gait
ōrnātus, -ūs m.decoration, adornment
comitātus, -ūs m.escort, retinue, company
flagrantia, -ae f.a blazing, burning; ardour, passion (here of glances)
oculus, -ī, m.eye
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
complexus, -ūs m.embrace
ōsculātiō, -ōnis f.kissing
acta (actē), -ae f.seashore, beach; (pl.) beach parties, seaside pleasures
nāvigātiō, -ōnis, f.sailing, navigation, voyage
meretrīx, -īcis f.prostitute, courtesan
protervus, -a, -umforward, brazen, impudent, wanton
procāx, -ācisbold, forward, wanton
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
cum, prep, with abl.with
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
utrum (conj.)whether (utrum … an: whether … or)
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
adulter, -erī m.adulterer
an, conj.or (in questions)
amātor, -ōris m.lover, admirer; one fond of something
expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake by storm, capture
pudīcitia, -ae f.chastity, modesty
expleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētusfill up, complete; make good
volō, velle, voluīwish
oblīvīscor, -līvīscī, -lītusforget
iam, adv.now, already
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
dēpōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput down, deposit; lay aside, give up; ē memoriā dēpōnere, to forget
memoria, -ae, f.memory
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
crūdēliter (adv.)cruelly
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
neglegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusdisregard, neglect
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
requīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītuslook for, ask after; need
quoniam, conj.since now, since
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
accūsātor, -ōris m.accuser, prosecutor
testis, -is m./f.witness
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
quālis, -eof what sort? what kind of?
paulō, adv.by a little, a little, somewhat
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
dēscrībō, -scrībere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptuswrite out; mark out, arrange, plan
dissimilis, -eunlike, different
īnstitūtum, -ī n.custom, institution
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
num, adv., introducing a question to which a negative answer is expecteduntranslatable
perturpis, -ethoroughly disgraceful
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
perflāgitiōsus, -a, -umutterly shameful, outrageous
sīcut (conj.)just as
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
sīn (conj.)but if
cūr, adv.why
nōsplur. of ego
contemnō, -ere, -tempsī, -temptusdespise, scorn, think little of
pertimēscō, -ere, -timuībecome very afraid, dread
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
via, -ae, f.road, way
dēfēnsiō, -ōnis f.defence
pudor, -ōris m.shame, sense of honour
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
petulanter (adv.)insolently, impudently, wantonly
impudentia, -ae f.shamelessness, effrontery
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
facultās, -tātis, f.possibility, opportunity, chance, means
Cicero, Pro Caelio. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.