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Cicero · Pro Caelio

Pro Caelio 19

Caelius' life of labour and oratory

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Cael. 19.1At vērō in M. Caeliō — dīcam enim iam cōnfīdentius dē studiīs eius honestīs, quoniam audeō quaedam frētus vestrā sapientiā līberē cōnfitērī — nūlla luxuriēs reperiētur, nūllī sūmptūs, nūllum aes aliēnum, nūlla convīviōrum ac lūstrōrum libīdō.But in Marcus Caelius — for now I shall speak with more confidence about his honourable pursuits, since, relying on your wisdom, I dare to admit certain things freely — no extravagance will be found, no expenses, no debt, no appetite for banquets and dens of vice. Cael. 19.1Quod quidem vitium ventris et gurgitis nōn modo nōn minuit aetās hominibus sed etiam auget.That vice of the belly and the gullet, indeed, age not only does not lessen in men but even increases. Cael. 19.1Amōrēs autem et dēliciae quae vocantur, quae firmiōre animō praeditīs diūtius molestae nōn solent esse — mātūrē enim et celeriter dēflōrēscunt — numquam hunc occupātum impedītumve tenuērunt.But love affairs and what are called 'delights', which are not usually troublesome for long to those endowed with a firmer mind — for they fade early and quickly — have never held this man in their grip or hampered him. Cael. 19.45Audīstis cum prō sē dīceret, audīstis anteā cum accūsāret — dēfendendī haec causā, nōn glōriandī loquor — genus ōrātiōnis, facultātem, cōpiam sententiārum atque verbōrum, quae vestra prūdentia est, perspexistis.You heard him when he spoke on his own behalf, you heard him before when he was prosecuting — I say this for the sake of defence, not of boasting — his style of speaking, his ability, his wealth of thoughts and words, you perceived, with the discernment you have.

Cael. 19.45Atque in eō nōn sōlum ingenium ēlūcēre eius vidēbātis, quod saepe, etiam sī industria nōn alitur, valet tamen ipsum suīs vīribus, sed īnerat, nisi mē propter benivolentiam forte fallēbat, ratiō et bonīs artibus īnstitūta et cūrā et vigiliīs ēlabōrāta.And in it you saw not only his talent shining out, which often, even if it is not nourished by industry, is still strong by its own power, but there was in it, unless perhaps goodwill deceived me, a method both trained in the liberal arts and perfected with care and sleepless nights. Cael. 19.45Atquī scītōte, iūdicēs, eās cupiditātēs quae obiciuntur Caeliō atque haec studia dē quibus disputō nōn facile in eōdem homine esse posse.Yet you may be sure, judges, that those desires which are charged against Caelius and these pursuits of which I am speaking cannot easily exist in the same man. Cael. 19.45Fierī enim nōn potest ut animus libīdinī dēditus, amōre, dēsīderiō, cupiditāte, saepe nimiā cōpiā, inopiā etiam nōn numquam impedītus hoc quicquid est quod nōs facimus in dīcendō, quōquō modō facimus, nōn modo agendō vērum etiam cōgitandō possit sustinēre.For it cannot be that a mind given over to lust, hampered by love, longing and desire, often by too much plenty, sometimes even by want, could sustain this, whatever it is, that we do in speaking, in whatever way we do it, not only in performing it but even in thinking it out.

Cael. 19.46An vōs aliam causam esse ūllam putātis cūr in tantīs praemiīs ēloquentiae, tantā voluptāte dīcendī, tantā laude, tantā grātiā, tantō honōre, tam sint paucī semperque fuerint quī in hōc labōre versentur?Or do you think there is any other reason why, when the rewards of eloquence are so great, the pleasure of speaking so great, the praise, the influence, the honour so great, so few are and always have been engaged in this labour? Cael. 19.46Obterendae sunt omnēs voluptātēs, relinquenda studia dēlectātiōnis, lūdus, iocus, convīvium, sermō paene est familiārium dēserendus.All pleasures must be trampled down, pursuits of amusement abandoned, play, jest, banquets, and even conversation with friends must almost be given up. Cael. 19.46Quā rē in hōc genere labor offendit hominēs ā studiōque dēterret, nōn quō aut ingenia dēficiant aut doctrīna puerīlis.That is why in this field it is the labour that puts men off and deters them from the pursuit, not that either their talents or their boyhood education are lacking. Cael. 19.47An hic, sī sēsē istī vītae dēdidisset, cōnsulārem hominem admodum adulēscēns in iūdicium vocāvisset?Would this man, if he had given himself up to that life, have summoned a man of consular rank to trial when he was still quite young?

Cael. 19.47hic, sī labōrem fugeret, sī obstrictus voluptātibus tenērētur, hāc in aciē cōtīdiē versārētur, appeteret inimīcitiās, in iūdicium vocāret, subīret perīculum capitis, ipse īnspectante populō Rōmānō tot iam mēnsīs aut dē salūte aut dē glōriā dīmicāret?would this man, if he shunned labour, if he were held bound by pleasures, be engaged in this battle line every day, court enmities, summon men to trial, face a danger to his civil existence, and himself, with the Roman people looking on, fight now for so many months either for his safety or for his glory?

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×9, indirect statement ×1, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (193 words)
at, conj.but
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
enim, conj.for
iam, adv.now, already
cōnfīdenter (adv.)boldly, confidently; too boldly, impudently
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
honestus, -a, -umrespected, honourable
quoniam, conj.since now, since
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
frētus, -a, -um (+ abl.)relying on
vester, -tra, -trumyour
sapientia, -ae f.wisdom, good sense
līberē (adv.; comp. līberius)freely, frankly
cōnfiteor, -ērī, -fessus sumadmit, confess
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
luxuriēs, -ēī f.luxury, extravagance
reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertusfind, discover
sūmptus, -ūs m.expense
aes, aeris, n.copper, bronze
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
convīvium, -ī n.banquet, dinner party
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
lūstrum, -ī n.a purifying sacrifice closing the census; a period of five years
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
venter, ventris, m.belly
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
gurges, -itis m.whirlpool; the deep, the sea
nōn, adv.not
modo, adv.only
minuō, -ere, minuī, minūtumlessen, reduce
aetās, -tātis, f.age
homō, hominis, m.man
sed, conj.but
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
amor, -ōris, m.love
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
dēliciae, -ārum f. pl.delights, luxuries, pleasures
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
firmus, -a, -umstrong, steadfast
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
praeditus, -a, -umendowed with, possessed of (+ abl.)
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
molestus, -a, -umtroublesome; molestus esse (+ dat.), to bother
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
mātūrē (adv.; superl. mātūrrimē)early, quickly
celeriter, adv.swiftly, quickly
dēflōrēscō, -ere, -flōruīshed its blossom, fade, wither
numquam, adv.never
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
occupō, -cupāre, -cupāvī, -cupātusseize; fill
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
anteā, adv.before
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
glōrior, -ārī, -ātus sumboast
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
facultās, -tātis, f.possibility, opportunity, chance, means
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
verbum, -ī, n.word
prūdentia, -ae, f.prudence
perspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumsee clearly, observe
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
ēlūceō, -ēre, -lūxīshine out, be conspicuous
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
quod, conj.that, in that, because
saepe, adv.often, frequently
sī, conj.if
industria, -ae f.diligence, hard work
alō, -ere, -uī, -tusnourish
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
īnsum, inesse, īnfuībe in, be present in (dat.)
nisi, conj.if not, unless
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
benevolentia, -ae f.goodwill, kindness
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsusdeceive
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
bonus, -a, -umgood
ars, artis, f.art
īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusdecide upon, determine
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
vigilia, -ae, f.watch
ēlabōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswork out, produce with effort
atquī (conj.)and yet, but, well then
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
cupiditās, -tātis, f.desire, longing, eagerness
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
disputō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdiscuss, argue
facile, adv.easily
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive away or up
dēsīderium, -ī, n.desire, longing
nimius, -a, -umexcessive, too great
inopia, -ae f.lack, want, scarcity
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
nōsplur. of ego
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
quōquō, adv.to whatever place (quōquō versus: in every direction)
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
an, conj.or (in questions)
vōsplur. of tū
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
ūllus, -a, -umany
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
cūr, adv.why
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
praemium, -ī, n.reward
ēloquentia, -ae f.eloquence, skill in speaking
voluptās, -tātis, f.pleasure
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
honor, -ōris, m.honor
tam, adv.so
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
semper, adv.always
que, enclitic conj.and
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
versor, -ārī, -ātuskeep turning, be busy or employed, be
obterō, -terere, -trīvī, -trītustrample, crush
omnis, -eall, every
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
dēlectātiō, -ōnis f.delight, pleasure, enjoyment
lūdus, -ī, m.game, sport
iocus, -ī m.joke, jest
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
paene, adv.almost, nearly
familiāris, -e; as noun, -is m.of the household (rēs familiāris: private property); friend
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
offendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusoffend
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
dēterreō, -terrēre, -terruī, -territusfrighten off, deter
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusfail
doctrīna, -ae f.teaching
puerīlis, -eof a boy, of childhood
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
vīta, -ae, f.life
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
admodum (adv.)very, quite
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
obstringō, -ere, -strīnxī, -strictumbind, put under obligation
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
cottīdiē, adv.daily, every day
appetō, -petere, -petīvī, -petītusdraw near
inimīcitia, -ae f.enmity (usu. pl.)
subeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear, endure
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
caput, capitis, n.head
īnspectō, -ārelook on, watch
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
tot (indecl.)so many
mēnsis, -is m.month
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
glōria, -ae, f.glory
dīmicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight
Cicero, Pro Caelio. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.