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Cicero · Pro Caelio

Pro Caelio 1

Why a trial on a holiday?

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Cael. 1.1Sī quis, iūdicēs, forte nunc adsit ignārus lēgum iūdiciōrum cōnsuētūdinisque nostrae, mīrētur profectō quae sit tanta atrōcitās huiusce causae, quod diēbus fēstīs lūdīsque pūblicīs, omnibus forēnsibus negōtiīs intermissīs, ūnum hoc iūdicium exerceātur, nec dubitet quīn tantī facinoris reus arguātur ut eō neglēctō cīvitās stāre nōn possit.If anyone, gentlemen of the jury, should happen to be present now who knew nothing of our laws, our courts and our customs, he would surely wonder what terrible enormity there is in this case, that on festival days and during the public games, when all business in the forum has been suspended, this one trial alone is being held; and he would not doubt that the defendant is charged with a crime so great that, if it were overlooked, the state could not stand. Cael. 1.1Īdem cum audiat esse lēgem quae dē sēditiōsīs cōnscelerātīsque cīvibus quī armātī senātum obsēderint, magistrātibus vim attulerint, rem pūblicam oppugnārint cōtīdiē quaerī iubeat: lēgem nōn improbet, crīmen quod versētur in iūdiciō requīrat;The same man, on hearing that there is a law which orders that inquiry be made daily into seditious and criminal citizens who have besieged the senate under arms, have used violence against magistrates and have attacked the state, would not disapprove of the law, but would ask what charge was being tried in court; Cael. 1.1cum audiat nūllum facinus, nūllam audāciam, nūllam vim in iūdicium vocārī, sed adulēscentem inlūstrī ingeniō, industriā, grātiā accūsārī ab eius fīliō quem ipse in iūdicium et vocet et vocārit, oppugnārī autem opibus meretrīciīs: Ātrātīnī ipsīus pietātem nōn reprehendat, libīdinem muliebrem comprimendam putet, vōs labōriōsōs exīstimet quibus ōtiōsīs nē in commūnī quidem ōtiō liceat esse.on hearing that no crime, no act of audacity, no violence is being brought to trial, but that a young man of brilliant talent, industry and influence is being accused by the son of a man whom he himself is prosecuting and has prosecuted, and is moreover being attacked with a harlot's resources, he would not find fault with the filial devotion of Atratinus himself, he would think that a woman's lust ought to be curbed, and he would consider you overworked, since you are not allowed to be at leisure even when everyone else is at leisure.

Cael. 1.2Etenim sī attendere dīligenter atque exīstimāre vērē dē omnī hāc causā volueritis, sīc cōnstituētis, iūdicēs, nec dēscēnsūrum quemquam ad hanc accūsātiōnem fuisse cui utrum vellet licēret nec, cum dēscendisset, quicquam habitūrum speī fuisse, nisi alicuius intolerābilī libīdine et nimis acerbō odiō nīterētur.And indeed, if you are willing to pay careful attention and to judge truly about this whole case, you will conclude, gentlemen, that no one would have stooped to this accusation who was free to choose either course, nor, once he had stooped to it, would he have had any hope at all, unless he were relying on someone's intolerable lust and excessively bitter hatred. Cael. 1.2Sed ego Ātrātīnō, hūmānissimō atque optimō adulēscentī, meō necessāriō, ignōscō, quī habet excūsātiōnem vel pietātis vel necessitātis vel aetātis.But I pardon Atratinus, a most cultivated and excellent young man and my friend, who has the excuse either of filial duty or of necessity or of youth. Cael. 1.2Sī voluit accūsāre, pietātī tribuō, sī iussus est, necessitātī, sī spērāvit aliquid, pueritiae.If he chose to accuse, I put it down to filial duty; if he was ordered, to necessity; if he hoped for something, to boyishness.

Cael. 1.2Cēterīs nōn modo nihil ignōscendum sed etiam ācriter est resistendum.The others, however, not only deserve no pardon but must be vigorously resisted.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, indirect statement ×6, gerunds and gerundives ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (141 words)
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
nunc, adv.now
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
ignārus, -a, -umignorant
lēx, lēgis f.law
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
cōnsuētūdō, -inis f.custom, habit; way of life
que, enclitic conj.and
noster, -tra, -trumour
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
profectō, adv.certainly, surely
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
atrōcitās, -ātis f.fierceness, harshness, cruelty
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
quod, conj.that, in that, because
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
fēstus, -a, -umof a holiday, festive; diēs fēstus, feast day
lūdus, -ī, m.game, sport
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
omnis, -eall, every
forēnsis, -eof the forum, of public business and the law courts
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
intermittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missusleave off, interrupt; let pass; pass., be left between, intervene, elapse
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitusexercise
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
arguō, -ere, -uī, -ūtusshow up, expose; accuse, convict
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
neglegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusdisregard, neglect
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
nōn, adv.not
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
sēditiōsus, -a, -umrebellious, stirring up trouble
cōnscelerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstain with crime; cōnscelerātus: criminal, wicked
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
armātus, -a, -umarmed
senātus, -ūs m.senate
obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessusbeset, besiege
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
adferō, adferre, attulī, adlātusbear to, bring
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
cottīdiē, adv.daily, every day
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
improbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdisapprove of, reject
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
versor, -ārī, -ātuskeep turning, be busy or employed, be
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
requīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītuslook for, ask after; need
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
sed, conj.but
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
illūstris, -edistinguished, noble
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
industria, -ae f.diligence, hard work
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
fīlius, -ī, m.son
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
meretrīcius, -a, -umof a prostitute, courtesan's
pietās, -ātis f.dutifulness, devotion to family and gods
reprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsumblame, criticise
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
muliebris, -eof a woman, womanly; (n. pl.) a woman's part
comprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress together, squeeze, compress
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
vōsplur. of tū
labōriōsus, -a, -umlaborious, painstaking; hard-working
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
ōtiōsus, -a, -umat leisure, quiet; as noun: a peaceful citizen
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
ōtium, -ī n.leisure, rest; peace, quiet
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
etenim (conj.)for indeed, and in fact
attendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusturn one's mind to, pay attention, notice
dīligenter, adv.carefully, diligently
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
vērē (adv.)truly, really
volō, velle, voluīwish
sīc, adv.so, thus
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
dēscendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb down, descend
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
accūsātiō, -ōnis f.accusation, charge
uter, utra, utrumwhich? of two
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
spēs, speī, f.hope
nisi, conj.if not, unless
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
intolerābilis, -eunbearable
nimis (adv.)too much, too
acerbus, -a, -umbitter, harsh, painful
odium, -ī, n.hatred
nītor, -ī, nīxus sum (+ abl.)rely on
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
hūmānus, -a, -umof man, human
bonus, -a, -umgood
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
necessārius, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m.necessary, critical; (noun) close friend, relative
ignōscō, -ere, ignōvī, ignōtum (+ dat.)pardon, forgive
excūsātiō, -ōnis f.excuse, plea
velor; vel … vel: either … or
necessitās, -ātis f.necessity, compulsion
aetās, -tātis, f.age
tribuō, -ere, tribuī, tribūtumassign, attribute
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
pueritia, -ae, f.boyhood
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
modo, adv.only
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
ācriter, adv.sharply, fiercely
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
Cicero, Pro Caelio. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.