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Cicero · Pro Caelio

Pro Caelio 17

The old severity and the Greek schools

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Cael. 17.1Dīcet aliquis: "Haec igitur est tua disciplīna?Someone will say: 'So this is your teaching? Cael. 17.1sīc tū īnstituis adulēscentīs?is this how you train young men? Cael. 17.1ob hanc causam tibi hunc puerum parēns commendāvit et trādidit, ut in amōre atque in voluptātibus adulēscentiam suam conlocāret, et ut hanc tū vītam atque haec studia dēfenderēs?"was it for this reason that his father entrusted this boy to you and handed him over, that he might spend his youth in love affairs and pleasures, and that you might defend this way of life and these pursuits?' Cael. 17.1Ego, sī quis, iūdicēs, hōc rōbore animī atque hāc indole virtūtis ac continentiae fuit ut respueret omnīs voluptātēs omnemque vītae suae cursum in labōre corporis atque in animī contentiōne cōnficeret, quem nōn quiēs, nōn remissiō, nōn aequālium studia, nōn lūdī, nōn convīvium dēlectāret, nihil in vītā expetendum putāret nisi quod esset cum laude et cum dignitāte coniūnctum, hunc meā sententiā dīvīnīs quibusdam bonīs īnstrūctum atque ōrnātum putō.For my part, judges, if anyone has had such strength of mind and such a nature of virtue and self-restraint that he spurned all pleasures and passed the whole course of his life in toil of body and in exertion of mind, a man whom neither rest, nor relaxation, nor the pursuits of his contemporaries, nor games, nor banquets delighted, who thought nothing in life worth seeking except what was joined with praise and with honour, that man, in my opinion, I consider equipped and adorned with blessings that are almost divine.

Cael. 17.1Ex hōc genere illōs fuisse arbitror Camillōs, Fabriciōs, Curiōs, omnīsque eōs quī haec ex minimīs tanta fēcērunt.Of this kind, I believe, were those men like Camillus, Fabricius and Curius, and all those who made these great things out of the very smallest. Cael. 17.40Vērum haec genera virtūtum nōn sōlum in mōribus nostrīs sed vix iam in librīs reperiuntur.But these kinds of virtue are found not only no longer in our way of life but scarcely even in books now. Cael. 17.40Chartae quoque quae illam prīstinam sevēritātem continēbant obsolēvērunt;The pages, too, which contained that old-time strictness have fallen out of use; Cael. 17.40neque sōlum apud nōs quī hanc sectam ratiōnemque vītae rē magis quam verbīs secūtī sumus sed etiam apud Graecōs, doctissimōs hominēs, quibus, cum facere nōn possent, loquī tamen et scrībere honestē et magnificē licēbat, alia quaedam mūtātīs Graeciae temporibus praecepta exstitērunt.and not only among us, who have followed this school and system of life in deed rather than in words, but also among the Greeks, most learned men, who, though they could not act, were still able to speak and write honourably and grandly, certain different precepts arose when the times of Greece had changed.

Cael. 17.41Itaque aliī voluptātis causā omnia sapientēs facere dīxērunt, neque ab hāc ōrātiōnis turpitūdine ērudītī hominēs refūgērunt;And so some said that wise men do everything for the sake of pleasure, and learned men did not shrink from this disgraceful doctrine; Cael. 17.41aliī cum voluptāte dignitātem coniungendam putāvērunt, ut rēs maximē inter sē repugnantīs dīcendī facultāte coniungerent;others thought that honour should be joined with pleasure, so that by their skill in speaking they might join things most opposed to each other; Cael. 17.41illud ūnum dērēctum iter ad laudem cum labōre quī probāvērunt, prope sōlī iam in scholīs sunt relictī.those who approved that one straight road to glory with toil are now left almost alone in their lecture-halls. Cael. 17.41Multa enim nōbīs blandīmenta nātūra ipsa genuit quibus sōpīta virtūs cōnīvēret interdum;For nature herself has produced for us many enticements, by which virtue may at times be lulled to sleep and close its eyes; Cael. 17.41multās viās adulēscentiae lūbricās ostendit quibus illa īnsistere aut ingredī sine cāsū aliquō ac prōlāpsiōne vix posset;she has shown youth many slippery paths, on which it could scarcely stand or walk without some fall or stumble; Cael. 17.41multārum rērum iūcundissimārum varietātem dedit quā nōn modo haec aetās sed etiam iam conrōborāta caperētur.she has given a variety of very many delightful things, by which not only this age but even one already hardened may be captured.

Cael. 17.42Quam ob rem sī quem forte invēneritis quī aspernētur oculīs pulchritūdinem rērum, nōn odōre ūllō, nōn tāctū, nōn sapōre capiātur, exclūdat auribus omnem suāvitātem, huic hominī ego fortasse et paucī deōs propitiōs, plērīque autem īrātōs putābunt.Therefore if you happen to find anyone who scorns with his eyes the beauty of things, who is captured by no scent, no touch, no taste, who shuts out all sweetness from his ears, I perhaps and a few others will think that this man has the gods on his side, but most will think them angry with him.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×4, gerunds and gerundives ×3, indirect statement ×4, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (184 words)
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
igitur, conj.therefore
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
disciplīna, -ae f.training, discipline
sīc, adv.so, thus
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusdecide upon, determine
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
puer, puerī, m.boy
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
commendō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusentrust, commit; recommend
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
amor, -ōris, m.love
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
voluptās, -tātis, f.pleasure
adulēscentia, -ae, f.youth
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
conlocō, -locāre, -locāvī, -locātusplace together, put, place
vīta, -ae, f.life
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
rōbur, rōboris, n.oak
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
indolēs, -is f.natural character, nature, spirit
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
continentia, -ae f.self-restraint, self-control
respuō, -ere, respuīreject
omnis, -eall, every
que, enclitic conj.and
cursus, -ūs, m.running, speed; course, route, voyage; race
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
corpus, corporis, n.body
contentiō, -ōnis f.struggle, dispute
cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nōn, adv.not
quiēs, quiētis, f.rest, repose
remissiō, -ōnis f.relaxing, easing; leniency
aequālis, -eequal; of the same age
lūdus, -ī, m.game, sport
convīvium, -ī n.banquet, dinner party
dēlectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplease, delight; passive: enjoy, take pleasure in
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
expetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītusseek eagerly, desire
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
nisi, conj.if not, unless
cum, prep, with abl.with
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
coniungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin together, join
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
dīvīnus, -a, -umdivine, of the gods
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild in or into; draw up; equip, furnish,
ōrnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusequip, adorn
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
noster, -tra, -trumour
sed, conj.but
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
iam, adv.now, already
liber, librī m.book; record
reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertusfind, discover
charta, -ae f.sheet of papyrus, paper; (pl.) writings, volumes
quoque, adv.also
prīstinus, -a, -umformer
sevēritās, -ātis f.strictness, severity
contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold together, keep within, shut up in; bound
obsolēscō, -ere, -olēvī, -olētusfall out of use, grow old, wear out, be forgotten
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
nōsplur. of ego
secta, -ae f.sect, party, school; way of life
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
verbum, -ī, n.word
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
doctus, -a, -umlearned, skilled, trained (in: abl.)
homō, hominis, m.man
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
honestē, adv.honorably, decently
magnificē, adv.splendidly
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
praeceptum, -ī n.instruction, order
exsistō, -ere, -stitīcome forth, arise; appear
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
sapiēns, -entiswise; as noun, a wise man, a philosopher
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
turpitūdō, -inis f.disgrace
ērudiō, -rudīre, -rudīvī, -rudītusinstruct
refugiō, -fugere, -fūgīflee back, run away, retreat
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
repugnō, -pugnāre, -pugnāvī, -pugnātusfight against, struggle, resist
facultās, -tātis, f.possibility, opportunity, chance, means
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
dērēctus, -a, -um (= dīrēctus)straight, direct
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
sōlus, -a, -umalone
schola, -ae f.lecture hall, school; lecture
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
enim, conj.for
blandīmentum, -ī n.flattery, charm, allurement; (pl.) delicacies, seasonings
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
gignō, gignere, genuī, genitusproduce, bring forth
sōpiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusput to sleep; stun
cōnīveō, -ēre, -nīvī/-nīxīclose the eyes; shut one's eyes to, overlook
interdum (adv.)sometimes
via, -ae, f.road, way
lūbricus, -a, -umslippery, smooth
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
īnsistō, -ere, īnstitīstand on
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
ingredior, -ī, ingressus sumgo into, enter
sine, prep. with abl.without
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
prōlāpsiō, -ōnis f.a slip, stumble, falling forward
iūcundus, -a, -umsweet, pleasant
varietās, -ātis f.variety; mottled color
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
modo, adv.only
aetās, -tātis, f.age
conrōborō (corrōborō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusstrengthen, make firm
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
aspernor, -ārī, -ātus sumspurn, reject, scorn
oculus, -ī, m.eye
pulchritūdō, -inis f.beauty
odor, -ōris, m.smell, odor
ūllus, -a, -umany
tāctus, -ūs m.touch
sapor, -ōris m.taste, flavour
exclūdō, -clūdere, -clūsī, -clūsusshut out, hinder, prevent
auris, -is, f.ear
suāvitās, -ātis f.sweetness, pleasantness (odor suāvitātis: a pleasing smell)
fortasse (adv.)perhaps
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
deus, -ī, m.god
propitius, -a, -umfavourable, well-disposed
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
īrātus, -a, -umangered, enraged, angry, furious
Cicero, Pro Caelio. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.