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Cicero · Pro Caelio

Pro Caelio 11

Herennius' stern lecture

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Cael. 11.1Animadvertī enim, iūdicēs, audīrī ā vōbīs meum familiārem, L. Herennium, perattentē.For I noticed, gentlemen, that my friend Lucius Herennius was listened to by you very attentively. Cael. 11.1In quō etsī magnā ex parte ingeniō eius et dīcendī genere quōdam tenēbāminī, tamen nōn numquam verēbar nē illa subtīliter ad crīminandum inducta ōrātiō ad animōs vestrōs sēnsim ac lēniter accēderet.And in this, although for the most part you were held by his talent and by a certain style of speaking, yet I sometimes feared that his speech, subtly contrived for accusation, might gradually and gently find its way into your minds. Cael. 11.1Dīxit enim multa dē luxuriē, multa dē libīdine, multa dē vitiīs iuventūtis, multa dē mōribus et, quī in reliquā vītā mītis esset et in hāc suāvitāte hūmānitātis quā prope iam dēlectantur omnēs versārī periūcundē solēret, fuit in hāc causā pertrīstis quīdam patruus, cēnsor, magister;For he said much about luxury, much about lust, much about the vices of youth, much about morals; and though in the rest of his life he is mild and usually moves most agreeably in that pleasant refinement in which almost everyone now delights, in this case he was a very stern sort of uncle, censor and schoolmaster; Cael. 11.1obiūrgāvit M. Caelium, sīcut nēminem umquam parēns;he scolded Marcus Caelius as no parent ever scolded anyone; Cael. 11.1multa dē incontinentiā intemperantiāque disseruit.he discoursed at length on incontinence and intemperance.

Cael. 11.1Quid quaeritis, iūdicēs?What would you have, gentlemen? Cael. 11.1ignōscēbam vōbīs attentē audientibus, proptereā quod egomet tam trīste illud, tam asperum genus ōrātiōnis horrēbam.I forgave you for listening attentively, because I myself shuddered at that so stern, so harsh a kind of speech. Cael. 11.26Ac prīma pars fuit illa quae mē minus movēbat, fuisse meō necessāriō Bēstiae Caelium familiārem, cēnāsse apud eum, ventitāsse domum, studuisse praetūrae.And the first part was the one which moved me less: that Caelius had been intimate with my friend Bestia, had dined at his house, had often visited his home, had supported his candidacy for the praetorship. Cael. 11.26Nōn mē haec movent quae perspicuē falsa sunt;These things, which are plainly false, do not move me; Cael. 11.26etenim eōs ūnā cēnāsse dīxit quī aut absunt aut quibus necesse est idem dīcere.for he said that men dined together who either are absent or are obliged to say the same thing. Cael. 11.26Neque vērō illud mē commovet quod sibi in Lupercīs sodālem esse Caelium dīxit.Nor indeed does it disturb me that he said Caelius was his fellow member among the Luperci. Cael. 11.26Fera quaedam sodālitās et plānē pāstōricia atque agrestis germānōrum Lupercōrum, quōrum coitiō illa silvestris ante est īnstitūta quam hūmānitās atque lēgēs, sī quidem nōn modo nōmina dēferunt inter sē sodālēs sed etiam commemorant sodālitātem in accūsandō, ut nē quis id forte nesciat timēre videantur!A wild sort of brotherhood, and plainly pastoral and rustic, is that of the true-born Luperci, whose woodland band was founded before civilisation and laws, since the brethren not only bring charges against one another but even mention their brotherhood when accusing, as if they were afraid that someone might happen not to know it!

Cael. 11.27Sed haec omittō;But I pass over these things; Cael. 11.27ad illa quae mē magis mōvērunt respondeō.I reply to those which moved me more. Cael. 11.27Dēliciārum obiūrgātiō fuit longa, etiam lēnior, plūsque disputātiōnis habuit quam atrōcitātis, quō etiam audīta est attentius.The rebuke of his pleasures was long, but also rather gentle, and had more of argument than of harshness, which is why it was heard all the more attentively. Cael. 11.27Nam P. Clōdius, amīcus meus, cum sē gravissimē vehementissimēque iactāret et omnia īnflammātus ageret trīstissimīs verbīs, vōce maximā, tametsī probābam eius ēloquentiam, tamen nōn pertimēscēbam;For when Publius Clodius, my friend, tossed himself about most violently and vehemently and did everything in a blaze, with the grimmest words and at the top of his voice, though I approved his eloquence, still I was not afraid; Cael. 11.27aliquot enim in causīs eum vīderam frūstrā lītigantem.for I had seen him litigate in vain in several cases. Cael. 11.27Tibi autem, Balbe, respondeō prīmum precāriō, sī licet, sī fās est dēfendī ā mē eum quī nūllum convīvium renuerit, quī in hortīs fuerit, quī unguenta sūmpserit, quī Bāiās vīderit.To you, however, Balbus, I reply first by asking leave, if it is permitted, if it is right for me to defend a man who has refused no dinner party, who has been in pleasure gardens, who has worn perfumes, who has seen Baiae.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×3, indirect statement ×5

Latin vocabulary for this passage (177 words)
animadvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn the mind to, observe
enim, conj.for
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
vōsplur. of tū
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
familiāris, -e; as noun, -is m.of the household (rēs familiāris: private property); friend
perattentē (adv.)very attentively
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
etsī, conj.even if, although
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
nōn, adv.not
numquam, adv.never
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
subtīliter (adv.)precisely, minutely, with subtlety
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
crīminor, -ārī, -ātus sumaccuse, denounce, make charges against
indūcō, -dūcere, dūxī, -ductuslead in or on, move, excite
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
vester, -tra, -trumyour
sēnsim, adv.gradually, little by little
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
lēniter (adv.)gently
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
luxuriēs, -ēī f.luxury, extravagance
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
iuventūs, -ūtis f.youth; the young men
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
vīta, -ae, f.life
mītis, -emild, gentle (adv. mītissimē: as gently as possible)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
suāvitās, -ātis f.sweetness, pleasantness (odor suāvitātis: a pleasing smell)
hūmānitās, -tātis f.culture, refinement
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
iam, adv.now, already
dēlectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplease, delight; passive: enjoy, take pleasure in
omnis, -eall, every
versor, -ārī, -ātuskeep turning, be busy or employed, be
periūcundē (adv.)very pleasantly, most agreeably
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
pertrīstis, -every gloomy, very stern
patruus, -ī m.uncle (father's brother)
cēnsor, -ōris m.censor, the magistrate who kept the citizen and senate rolls and could expel unworthy senators
magister, -trī, m.master
obiūrgō, -iūrgāre, -iūrgāvī, -iūrgātuschide, scold, reproach
sīcut (conj.)just as
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
umquam, adv.ever
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
incontinentia, -ae f.lack of self-control, intemperance
intemperantia, -ae f.lack of self-control, arrogance, excess
que, enclitic conj.and
disserō, -ere, -sēvī, -situssow here and there, plant at intervals
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
ignōscō, -ere, ignōvī, ignōtum (+ dat.)pardon, forgive
attentē (adv.; comp. attentius)attentively, carefully
proptereāfor this reason; proptereā quod: because
quod, conj.that, in that, because
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
tam, adv.so
trīstis, -esad, gloomy
asper, -era, -erumrough, harsh; difficult
horreō, -ēre, horruīshudder at, dread
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
minus, comp. adv.less
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
necessārius, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m.necessary, critical; (noun) close friend, relative
cēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdine
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
ventitō, -āre, -āvīcome often, keep coming
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
studeō, -ēre, -uībe eager, give attention, apply oneself
praetūra, -ae f.praetorship
perspicuē (adv.)clearly, evidently
falsus, -a, -umfeigned, pretended, false
etenim (conj.)for indeed, and in fact
ūnātogether, along
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
necesse, indecl. adj.necessary
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
commoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove, rouse; disturb
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
sodālis, -is m.companion, crony
ferus, -a, -umwild, savage
sodālitās, -ātis f.fellowship, brotherhood, club; association
plānē (adv.)clearly, plainly
pāstōricius, -a, -umof shepherds, pastoral
agrestis, -eof the country, rustic; boorish
germānus, -ī m.brother (of the same parents)
coitiō, -ōnis f.coming together, meeting; combination, conspiracy
silvestris, -ewooded
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusdecide upon, determine
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
lēx, lēgis f.law
sī, conj.if
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
modo, adv.only
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
sed, conj.but
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
commemorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummention, recount
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
omittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missuslet go, neglect, disregard, throw away, lose
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
dēliciae, -ārum f. pl.delights, luxuries, pleasures
obiūrgātiō, -ōnis f.rebuke, reproof, scolding
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
lēnis, -egentle
plūs (adv.)more
disputātiō, -ōnis f.argument, debate
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
atrōcitās, -ātis f.fierceness, harshness, cruelty
nam, conj.for
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
graviter, adv.severely, seriously
vehementer, adv.violently, vehemently; earnestly; exceedingly, greatly
iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtoss about; discuss
īnflammō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset on fire; inflame, excite
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
verbum, -ī, n.word
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
tametsī (conj.)although
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
ēloquentia, -ae f.eloquence, skill in speaking
pertimēscō, -ere, -timuībecome very afraid, dread
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
frūstrā, adv.in vain
lītigō, -āre, -āvīquarrel, dispute
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
precāriō (adv.)on sufferance, by permission; by begging, as a favour
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
fās (indecl.) n.what is right by divine law (fās est: it is allowed)
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
convīvium, -ī n.banquet, dinner party
renuō, -ere, -nuīrefuse, decline, reject (with a shake of the head)
hortus, -ī, m.garden
unguentum, -ī, n.ointment
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
Cicero, Pro Caelio. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.