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Cicero · Pro Caelio

Pro Caelio 12

A plea against general prejudice

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Cael. 12.1Equidem multōs et vīdī in hāc cīvitāte et audīvī, nōn modo quī prīmōribus labrīs gustāssent genus hoc vītae et extrēmīs, ut dīcitur, digitīs attigissent sed quī tōtam adulēscentiam voluptātibus dēdidissent, ēmersisse aliquandō et sē ad frūgem bonam, ut dīcitur, recēpisse gravīsque hominēs atque inlūstrīs fuisse.I for my part have both seen and heard of many men in this city — not only those who had tasted this kind of life with the tips of their lips and touched it, as the saying is, with their fingertips, but those who had given their whole youth over to pleasures — who at length emerged and, as the saying is, returned to good ways, and became serious and distinguished men. Cael. 12.1Datur enim concessū omnium huic aliquī lūdus aetātī, et ipsa nātūra profundit adulēscentiae cupiditātēs.For by universal consent some play is allowed to this age, and nature herself pours forth the desires of youth. Cael. 12.1Quae sī ita ērumpunt ut nūllīus vītam labefactent, nūllīus domum ēvertant, facilēs et tolerābilēs habērī solent.If these break out in such a way as to undermine no one's life and overturn no one's household, they are usually regarded as easy and tolerable.

Cael. 12.29Sed tū mihi vidēbāre ex commūnī īnfāmiā iuventūtis aliquam invidiam Caeliō velle cōnflāre.But you seemed to me to want to stir up some ill will against Caelius out of the general bad reputation of the young. Cael. 12.29Itaque omne illud silentium quod est ōrātiōnī tribūtum tuae fuit ob eam causam quod ūnō reō prōpositō dē multōrum vitiīs cōgitābāmus.And so all that silence which was granted to your speech arose for this reason, that while a single defendant was set before us, we were thinking about the vices of many. Cael. 12.29Facile est accūsāre luxuriem.It is easy to accuse luxury. Cael. 12.29Diēs iam mē dēficiat, sī quae dīcī in eam sententiam possunt cōner exprōmere;The day would fail me now if I tried to set out everything that can be said to that effect; Cael. 12.29dē corruptēlīs, dē adulteriīs, dē protervitāte, dē sūmptibus immēnsa ōrātiō est.on seduction, on adultery, on wantonness, on extravagance the speech is boundless. Cael. 12.29Vt tibi reum nēminem sed vitia ista prōpōnās, rēs tamen ipsa et cōpiōsē et graviter accūsārī potest.Even if you set before yourself no defendant but only those vices, the subject itself can still be accused fully and weightily.

Cael. 12.29Sed vestrae sapientiae, iūdicēs, est nōn abdūcī ab reō nec, quōs aculeōs habeat sevēritās gravitāsque vestra, cum eōs accūsātor ērēxerit in rem, in vitia, in mōrēs, in tempora, ēmittere in hominem et in reum, cum is nōn suō crīmine sed multōrum vitiō sit in quoddam odium iniūstum vocātus.But it is for your wisdom, gentlemen, not to be led away from the defendant, and, when the prosecutor has pointed whatever stings your severity and gravity possess at the subject, at vices, at morals, at the times, not to launch them at the man and the defendant, when he has been brought into a kind of unjust hatred not by any crime of his own but by the vice of many. Cael. 12.30Itaque ego sevēritātī tuae ita ut oportet respondēre nōn audeō.And so I do not venture to answer your severity as I ought. Cael. 12.30Erat enim meum dēprecārī vacātiōnem adulēscentiae veniamque petere.For it was my part to plead for the exemption of youth and to ask for indulgence. Cael. 12.30Nōn, inquam, audeō;I do not, I say, venture to; Cael. 12.30perfugiīs nihil ūtor aetātis, concessa omnibus iūra dīmittō;I make no use of the refuges of youth, I give up the rights granted to all; Cael. 12.30tantum petō ut, sī qua est invidia commūnis hōc tempore aeris aliēnī, petulantiae, libīdinum iuventūtis, quam videō esse magnam, tamen nē huic aliēna peccāta, nē aetātis ac temporum vitia noceant.I ask only this: that if there is at this time a general ill feeling about debt, insolence and the lusts of youth, which I see is great, nonetheless others' sins, the vices of his age and of the times, may not harm this man.

Cael. 12.30Atque ego īdem quī haec postulō quīn crīminibus quae in hunc propriē cōnferuntur dīligentissimē respondeam nōn recūsō.And I, the same man who demands this, do not refuse to answer most carefully the charges which are brought against him in particular.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×2, ablative absolute ×1, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (160 words)
equidem (adv.)indeed, truly; for my part
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
nōn, adv.not
modo, adv.only
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
prīmōris, -e (usu. pl. as noun)first; (pl.) prīmōrēs: the leading men, nobles
labrum, -ī n.lip
gustō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustaste
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
vīta, -ae, f.life
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
digitus, -ī m.finger (digitus pollex: thumb)
attingō, -tingere, -tigī, -tāctustouch at
sed, conj.but
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
adulēscentia, -ae, f.youth
voluptās, -tātis, f.pleasure
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive away or up
ēmergō, -mergere, -mersī, -mersusrise out, come up; get clear (of trouble)
aliquandō, adv.at some time or other; finally, at length
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
frūx, frūgis f. (usu. pl.)crops, produce
bonus, -a, -umgood
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
que, enclitic conj.and
homō, hominis, m.man
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
illūstris, -edistinguished, noble
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
enim, conj.for
concessus, -ūs m.permission, grant
omnis, -eall, every
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
lūdus, -ī, m.game, sport
aetās, -tātis, f.age
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
profundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour out; squander
cupiditās, -tātis, f.desire, longing, eagerness
sī, conj.if
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
ērumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptumburst out, sally
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
labefactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshake, weaken, undermine
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
ēvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusoverturn, overthrow, destroy
facilis, -e (comp. facilior)easy
tolerābilis, -ebearable, tolerable
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
īnfāmia, -ae f.disgrace, dishonor
iuventūs, -ūtis f.youth; the young men
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
volō, velle, voluīwish
cōnflō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusblow up, kindle; bring together, scrape together; stir up (hatred)
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
silentium, -ī n.silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
tribuō, -ere, tribuī, tribūtumassign, attribute
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
quod, conj.that, in that, because
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
prōpōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput or set before, offer, propose; set forth, say
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
luxuriēs, -ēī f.luxury, extravagance
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
iam, adv.now, already
dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusfail
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
cōnor, -ārī, -ātustry, attempt
exprōmō, -prōmere, -prōmpsī, -prōmptusbring out, display; spend
corruptēla, -ae f.corruption, seduction
adulterium, -ī n.adultery
protervitās, -ātis f.impudence, wantonness, boldness
sūmptus, -ūs m.expense
immēnsus (inmēnsus), -a, -umimmeasurable, boundless, vast
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
cōpiōsē (adv.)fully, at length, abundantly; eloquently
graviter, adv.severely, seriously
vester, -tra, -trumyour
sapientia, -ae f.wisdom, good sense
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
abdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead or take away
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
aculeus, -ī m.sting, prick; barb, sting (of words)
sevēritās, -ātis f.strictness, severity
gravitās, -ātis f.weight, heaviness; dignity, seriousness
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
accūsātor, -ōris m.accuser, prosecutor
ērigō, -rigere, -rēxī, -rēctusraise or set up, raise, lift; cheer, encourage
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
ēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend out or forth
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
odium, -ī, n.hatred
iniūstus, -a, -umunjust, unfair; harsh
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
dēprecor, -ārī, -ātus sumbeg to be spared, plead
vacātiō, -ōnis f.freedom, exemption
venia, -ae f.pardon, forgiveness
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
perfugium, -ī n.refuge, shelter
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
aes, aeris, n.copper, bronze
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
petulantia, -ae f.insolence, wantonness
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
peccātum, -ī n.fault, sin
noceō, -ēre, nocuī, nocitum (+ dat.)harm, hurt
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
propriē (adv.)in a special sense, peculiarly, properly
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
dīligenter, adv.carefully, diligently
recūsō, -cūsāre, -cūsāvī, -cūsātusgive a reason against, refuse
Cicero, Pro Caelio. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.