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Cicero · De Imperio Cn. Pompei

De Imperio Cn. Pompei 21

Precedents broken for Pompey

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Man. 21.1Quid tam novum quam adulēscentulum prīvātum exercitum difficilī reī pūblicae tempore cōnficere?What is so new as for a mere youth, holding no office, to raise an army at a difficult time for the state? Man. 21.1Cōnfēcit.He raised one. Man. 21.1Huic praeesse?To command it? Man. 21.1Praefuit.He commanded it. Man. 21.1Rem optimē ductū suō gerere?To conduct affairs excellently under his own leadership? Man. 21.1Gessit.He did so. Man. 21.1Quid tam praeter cōnsuētūdinem quam hominī peradulēscentī cuius aetās ā senātōriō gradū longē abesset imperium atque exercitum darī, Siciliam permittī atque Āfricam bellumque in eā prōvinciā administrandum?What is so contrary to custom as for a very young man, whose age fell far short of senatorial rank, to be given a command and an army, to be entrusted with Sicily and Africa and the war to be waged in that province? Man. 21.1Fuit in hīs prōvinciīs singulārī innocentiā, gravitāte, virtūte, bellum in Āfricā maximum cōnfēcit, victōrem exercitum dēportāvit.He conducted himself in these provinces with singular integrity, dignity and merit, finished a very great war in Africa, and brought his army home victorious.

Man. 21.1Quid vērō tam inaudītum quam equitem Rōmānum triumphāre?And what is so unheard of as for a Roman knight to celebrate a triumph? Man. 21.1At eam quoque rem populus Rōmānus nōn modo vīdit sed omnium etiam studiō vīsendam et concelebrandam putāvit.Yet the Roman people not only saw this too, but thought it a thing to be seen and celebrated with universal enthusiasm. Man. 21.62Quid tam inūsitātum quam ut, cum duo cōnsulēs clārissimī fortissimīque essent, eques Rōmānus ad bellum maximum formīdolōsissimumque prō cōnsule mitterētur?What is so unusual as that, when there were two most illustrious and brave consuls, a Roman knight should be sent as proconsul to a very great and very fearful war? Man. 21.62Missus est.He was sent. Man. 21.62Quō quidem tempore cum esset nōn nēmō in senātū quī dīceret "nōn oportēre mittī hominem prīvātum prō cōnsule," Philippus dīxisse dīcitur "nōn sē illum suā sententiā prō cōnsule sed prō cōnsulibus mittere."At that time, when someone in the senate said 'a private individual ought not to be sent as proconsul', Philippus is said to have replied 'that by his vote he was sending him not in place of a consul but in place of both consuls'.

Man. 21.62Tanta in eō reī pūblicae bene gerendae spēs cōnstituēbātur ut duōrum cōnsulum mūnus ūnīus adulēscentis virtūtī committerētur.So great was the hope placed in him of good management of the state that the duty of two consuls was entrusted to the merit of one young man. Man. 21.62Quid tam singulāre quam ut ex senātūs cōnsultō lēgibus solūtus cōnsul ante fieret quam ūllum alium magistrātum per lēgēs capere licuīsset?What is so singular as that he should be released from the laws by decree of the senate and made consul before he could legally have held any other magistracy? Man. 21.62quid tam incrēdibile quam ut iterum eques Rōmānus ex senātūs cōnsultō triumphāret?what so incredible as that a Roman knight should celebrate a second triumph by decree of the senate? Man. 21.62Quae in omnibus hominibus nova post hominum memoriam cōnstitūta sunt, ea tam multa nōn sunt quam haec quae in hōc ūnō homine vīdimus.All the novelties established in the case of all men since the memory of man began are not so many as these which we have seen in this one man. Man. 21.63Atque haec tot exempla tanta ac tam nova profecta sunt in eōdem homine ā Catulī atque ā cēterōrum eiusdem dignitātis amplissimōrum hominum auctōritāte.And all these precedents, so many, so great and so new, in the case of this same man originated from the authority of Catulus and of the other most distinguished men of the same rank.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×4, ablative absolute ×1, indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (117 words)
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
tam, adv.so
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
adulēscentulus, -ī m.a very young man
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
difficilis, -enot easy, difficult
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
praesum, -esse, -fuībe before, preside over, have charge of, command
bene, adv.well; successfully
ductus, -ūs m.leadership, command
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
cōnsuētūdō, -inis f.custom, habit; way of life
homō, hominis, m.man
peradulēscēns, -entisvery young
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
aetās, -tātis, f.age
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
senātōrius, -a, -umof a senator, senatorial
gradus, -ūs m.step, stage; rank
longē, adv.far
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
permittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumallow, permit; entrust
bellum, -ī, n.war
que, enclitic conj.and
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
administrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummanage, carry out
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
singulāris, -esingle; remarkable
innocentia, -ae f.blamelessness, integrity
gravitās, -ātis f.weight, heaviness; dignity, seriousness
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
dēportō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcarry off, remove
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
inaudītus, -a, -umunheard of, new, strange
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
triumphō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscelebrate a triumph; exult
at, conj.but
quoque, adv.also
populus, -ī m.people, nation
nōn, adv.not
modo, adv.only
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
sed, conj.but
omnis, -eall, every
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
vīsō, -ere, vīsī, vīsumgo to see, visit; look at
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
concelebrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscelebrate, make famous; attend in crowds
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
inūsitātus, -a, -umunusual, extraordinary
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
fortis, -ebrave
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
formīdulōsus, -a, -umfearful; causing fear, dreadful
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
senātus, -ūs m.senate
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
spēs, speī, f.hope
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
cōnsultum, -ī n.decree (senātūs cōnsultum: a decree of the Senate)
lēx, lēgis f.law
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtusloosen, unbind, release; pay; with or without nāvem, cast off, set sail, put to sea
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
ūllus, -a, -umany
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
incrēdibilis, eincredible
iterum, adv.again, a second time
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
memoria, -ae, f.memory
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
tot (indecl.)so many
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
amplus, -a, -umlarge, great; distinguished
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
Cicero, De Imperio Cn. Pompei. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.