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Cicero · De Imperio Cn. Pompei

De Imperio Cn. Pompei 18

Rome's humiliation at sea

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Man. 18.1Quae cīvitās umquam fuit anteā, nōn dīcō Athēniēnsium quae satis lātē quondam mare tenuisse dīcitur, nōn Carthāginiēnsium quī permultum classe ac maritimīs rēbus valuērunt, nōn Rhodiōrum quōrum ūsque ad nostram memoriam disciplīna nāvālis et glōria permānsit, quae cīvitās, inquam, anteā tam tenuis aut tam parvola fuit quae nōn portūs suōs et agrōs et aliquam partem regiōnis atque ōrae maritimae per sē ipsa dēfenderet?What state ever existed before (I do not speak of the Athenians, who are said once to have held the sea far and wide, nor of the Carthaginians, who were very strong in fleets and maritime affairs, nor of the Rhodians, whose naval discipline and glory have lasted down to our own time), what state, I say, was ever before so weak or so tiny that it did not defend its own harbours and fields and some part of its region and coast by itself? Man. 18.1At hercules aliquot annōs continuōs ante lēgem Gabīniam ille populus Rōmānus, cuius ūsque ad nostram memoriam nōmen invictum in nāvālibus pugnīs permānserit, magnā ac multō maximā parte nōn modo ūtilitātis sed etiam dignitātis atque imperī caruit.But, by Hercules, for a number of years in succession before the Gabinian law, the Roman people, whose name has remained unconquered in naval battles down to our own time, was deprived of a great part, indeed by far the greatest part, not only of its advantage but also of its dignity and empire.

Man. 18.55Nōs quōrum maiōrēs Antiochum rēgem classe Persēnque superārunt omnibusque nāvālibus pugnīs Carthāginiēnsīs, hominēs in maritimīs rēbus exercitātissimōs parātissimōsque, vīcērunt, eī nūllō in locō iam praedōnibus parēs esse poterāmus.We, whose ancestors overcame King Antiochus and Perseus with their fleets and defeated in every naval battle the Carthaginians, men most practised and best prepared in maritime affairs, we were no longer a match for the pirates anywhere. Man. 18.55Nōs quī anteā nōn modo Ītaliam tūtam habēbāmus sed omnīs sociōs in ultimīs ōrīs auctōritāte nostrī imperī salvōs praestāre poterāmus, tum cum īnsula Dēlus tam procul ā nōbīs in Aegaeō marī posita, quō omnēs undique cum mercibus atque oneribus commeābant, referta dīvitiīs, parva, sine mūrō nihil timēbat, īdem nōn modo prōvinciīs atque ōrīs Ītaliae maritimīs ac portibus nostrīs sed etiam Appiā iam viā carēbāmus.We, who previously not only kept Italy safe but could guarantee the safety of all our allies on the furthest coasts by the authority of our empire, at a time when the island of Delos, situated so far from us in the Aegean Sea, to which everyone from everywhere travelled with merchandise and cargoes, packed with riches, small and without a wall, feared nothing, we the same were deprived not only of our provinces and the sea coasts of Italy and our harbours but even of the Appian Way.

Man. 18.55Et eīs temporibus nōnne pudēbat magistrātūs populī Rōmānī in hunc ipsum locum ēscendere, cum eum nōbīs maiōrēs nostrī exuviīs nauticīs et classium spoliīs ōrnātum relīquissent!And in those times were the magistrates of the Roman people not ashamed to mount this very place, when our ancestors had left it to us adorned with naval trophies and the spoils of fleets!

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Latin vocabulary for this passage (125 words)
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
umquam, adv.ever
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
anteā, adv.before
nōn, adv.not
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
lātēwidely
quondam (adv.)once, formerly, at one time
mare, maris, n.sea
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
permultum (adv.)very much, a great deal
classis, -is f.fleet
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
maritimus, -a, -umof the sea, coastal
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
ūsque, adv.all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
noster, -tra, -trumour
memoria, -ae, f.memory
disciplīna, -ae f.training, discipline
nāvālis, -enaval, of ships
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
glōria, -ae, f.glory
permaneō, -manēre, -mānsi, -mānsusremain
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
tam, adv.so
tenuis, -ethin
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
parvulus, -a, -umvery small, petty
portus, -ūs, m.harbor, haven, port
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
ager, agri, m.field, land
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
regiō, -ōnis, f.direction; country, region
ōra, -ae f.coast, shore
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
at, conj.but
hercle (interj.)by Hercules!, indeed
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
annus, -ī, m.year
continuus, -a, -umcontinuous, successive
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
lēx, lēgis f.law
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
invictus, -a, -umunconquered, unbeaten
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
modo, adv.only
ūtilitās, -ātis f.usefulness, advantage
sed, conj.but
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
careō, -ēre, -uībe without, lack (+ abl.)
nōsplur. of ego
maiōrēs, -um m. pl.ancestors
rēx, rēgis, m.king
que, enclitic conj.and
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
omnis, -eall, every
homō, hominis, m.man
exercitātus, -a, -umtrained, practised
parātus, -a, -umprepared, equipped, ready
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
iam, adv.now, already
praedō, -ōnis m.robber, pirate
pār, parisequal
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
ultimus, -a, -umfarthest, last
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
salvus, -a, -umsafe, unharmed
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
tum, adv.then, at that time
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
īnsula, -ae, f.island
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
Aegaeus, -a, -umAegean
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
undique, adv.from or on all sides
cum, prep, with abl.with
merx, mercis f.goods, wares, merchandise
onus, oneris n.load, weight
commeō, -āre, -āvīgo back and forth, visit
refertus, -a, -umcrammed, stuffed, filled (with: abl.)
dīvitiae, -ārum f. pl.riches, wealth
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
sine, prep. with abl.without
mūrus, -ī, m.wall
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
via, -ae, f.road, way
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
nōnne, adv., introducing a question to which an affirmative answer is expectednot?
pudet, -ēre, puduit (impers.)it shames, one is ashamed
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
ēscendō, -ere, -scendī, -scēnsumclimb up, go on board
exuviae, -ārum f. pl.spoils; the skins (of animals) stripped off
nauticus, -a, -umnaval, nautical
spolium, -ī n.spoils, booty (usu. pl.)
ōrnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusequip, adorn
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
Cicero, De Imperio Cn. Pompei. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.