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Cicero · De Imperio Cn. Pompei

De Imperio Cn. Pompei 13

Pompey's integrity as a commander

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Man. 13.1Est haec dīvīna atque incrēdibilis virtūs imperātōris.Such is the godlike and incredible merit of this commander. Man. 13.1Quid?What then? Man. 13.1cēterae quās paulō ante commemorāre coeperam quantae atque quam multae sunt!his other qualities, which I had begun to mention a little earlier, how great and how many they are! Man. 13.1Nōn enim bellandī virtūs sōlum in summō ac perfectō imperātōre quaerenda est sed multae sunt artēs eximiae huius administrae comitēsque virtūtis.For it is not only skill in war that must be sought in a supreme and perfect commander; there are many outstanding qualities that serve and accompany this merit. Man. 13.1Ac prīmum quantā innocentiā dēbent esse imperātōrēs, quantā deinde in omnibus rēbus temperantiā, quantā fidē, quantā facilitāte, quantō ingeniō, quantā hūmānitāte!And first, how great should be the integrity of commanders, and then how great their self-control in all things, how great their good faith, their approachability, their intelligence, their humanity! Man. 13.1quae breviter quālia sint in Pompeiō cōnsīderēmus.Let us consider briefly what these qualities are like in Pompey. Man. 13.1Summa enim sunt omnia, Quirītēs, sed ea magis ex aliōrum contentiōne quam ipsa per sēsē cognōscī atque intellegī possunt.They are all of the highest degree, citizens, but they can be recognised and understood better by comparison with others than in and of themselves.

Man. 13.37Quem enim possumus imperātōrem ūllō in numerō putāre cuius in exercitū centuriātus vēneant atque vēnierint?For what commander can we regard as of any account in whose army centurionships are being sold and have been sold? Man. 13.37Quid hunc hominem magnum aut amplum dē rē pūblicā cōgitāre quī pecūniam ex aerāriō dēprōmptam ad bellum administrandum aut propter cupiditātem prōvinciae magistrātibus dīvīserit aut propter avāritiam Rōmae in quaestū relīquerit?What great or noble thought can we suppose this man has for the state, who has either distributed among magistrates the money drawn from the treasury for conducting the war, out of eagerness to keep his province, or, out of avarice, left it at Rome to earn interest? Man. 13.37Vestra admurmurātiō facit, Quirītēs, ut agnōscere videāminī quī haec fēcerint;Your murmuring, citizens, makes it seem that you recognise who have done these things; Man. 13.37ego autem nōminō nēminem;but I name no one; Man. 13.37quā rē īrāscī mihi nēmō poterit nisi quī ante dē sē voluerit cōnfitērī.so no one will be able to be angry with me unless he chooses first to make a confession about himself. Man. 13.37Itaque propter hanc avāritiam imperātōrum quantās calamitātēs, quōcumque ventum sit, nostrī exercitūs adferant quis ignōrat?And so, because of this avarice of commanders, who does not know what disasters our armies bring wherever they go?

Man. 13.38Itinera quae per hōsce annōs in Ītaliā per agrōs atque oppida cīvium Rōmānōrum nostrī imperātōrēs fēcerint recordāminī;Recall the marches which our commanders have made in these years in Italy through the fields and towns of Roman citizens; Man. 13.38tum facilius statuētis quid apud exterās nātiōnēs fierī exīstimētis.then you will more easily decide what you think happens among foreign nations. Man. 13.38Vtrum plūrīs arbitrāminī per hōsce annōs mīlitum vestrōrum armīs hostium urbīs an hībernīs sociōrum cīvitātēs esse dēlētās?Do you think that in these years more cities of the enemy have been destroyed by the arms of your soldiers, or more communities of allies by their winter quarters? Man. 13.38Neque enim potest exercitum is continēre imperātor quī sē ipse nōn continet, neque sevērus esse in iūdicandō quī aliōs in sē sevērōs esse iūdicēs nōn volt.For a commander cannot control an army if he does not control himself, nor be strict in judging if he does not want others to be strict judges of him. Man. 13.38Hīc mīrāmur hunc hominem tantum excellere cēterīs, cuius legiōnēs sīc in Asiam pervēnerint ut nōn modo manus tantī exercitūs sed nē vestīgium quidem cuiquam pācātō nocuisse dīcātur?Are we surprised, then, that this man so far excels the rest, whose legions reached Asia in such a way that not only the hand of so great an army but not even its footstep is said to have harmed anyone at peace?

Man. 13.39Iam vērō quem ad modum mīlitēs hībernent cōtīdiē sermōnēs ac litterae perferuntur;And now, how the soldiers are passing the winter is reported daily in conversations and letters; Man. 13.39nōn modo ut sūmptum faciat in mīlitem nēminī vīs adfertur sed nē cupientī quidem quicquam permittitur.not only is no one forced to spend money on a soldier, but no one is allowed to, even if he wishes. Man. 13.39Hiemis enim nōn avāritiae perfugium maiōrēs nostrī in sociōrum atque amīcōrum tēctīs esse voluērunt.For our ancestors wanted the homes of allies and friends to be a refuge from winter, not for avarice.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×4, ablative absolute ×1, purpose clauses ×2, indirect statement ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (172 words)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
dīvīnus, -a, -umdivine, of the gods
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
incrēdibilis, eincredible
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
paulō, adv.by a little, a little, somewhat
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
commemorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummention, recount
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
nōn, adv.not
enim, conj.for
bellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwage war, fight
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo or make through, accomplish
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
sed, conj.but
ars, artis, f.art
eximius, -a, -umoutstanding, exceptional
administra, -ae f.female helper, handmaid, assistant
comes, -itis, m. and f.companion
que, enclitic conj.and
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
innocentia, -ae f.blamelessness, integrity
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
deinde, adv.then, next
omnis, -eall, every
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
temperantia, -ae f.self-control
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
facilitās, -ātis f.easiness of manner, good nature, approachability
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
hūmānitās, -tātis f.culture, refinement
breviter (adv.)briefly, in a few words
quālis, -eof what sort? what kind of?
cōnsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at closely, consider, think over
Quirītēs, -ium m. pl.Quirites, the Roman citizens in their civil capacity (used in addressing the people)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
contentiō, -ōnis f.struggle, dispute
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
ūllus, -a, -umany
numerus, -ī, m.number
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
centuriātus, -a, -umdivided into centuries; comitia centuriāta: the assembly voting by centuries
vēneō, -īre, -iībe sold (+ abl. of price)
homō, hominis, m.man
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
amplus, -a, -umlarge, great; distinguished
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
aerārium, -ī n.treasury (the state treasury in the temple of Saturn)
dēprōmō, -ere, -prōmpsī, -prōmptustake out, bring out (esp. wine from storage)
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
bellum, -ī, n.war
administrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummanage, carry out
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
cupiditās, -tātis, f.desire, longing, eagerness
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
dīvidō, -videre, -vīsī, -vīsusdivide, separate
avāritia, -ae f.greed
quaestus, -ūs m.gain, profit
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
vester, -tra, -trumyour
admurmurātiō, -ōnis f.murmuring (of approval or disapproval)
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
agnōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus, recognize
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
nōminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumname, mention
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātusbe angry
nisi, conj.if not, unless
volō, velle, voluīwish
cōnfiteor, -ērī, -fessus sumadmit, confess
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
calamitās, -tātis, f.misfortune, calamity, disaster
quōcumque (adv.)to whatever place; in whatever direction
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
noster, -tra, -trumour
adferō, adferre, attulī, adlātusbear to, bring
ignōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe ignorant of
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
annus, -ī, m.year
ager, agri, m.field, land
oppidum, -ī, n.town
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
recordor, -ārī, -ātus sumcall to mind, remember
tum, adv.then, at that time
facile, adv.easily
statuō, statuere, statuī, statūtuscause to stand; decide, resolve
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
exterus, -a, -umoutside, foreign; exterae nātiōnēs: foreign peoples
nātiō, -ōnis f.people, nation; birth
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
utrum (conj.)whether (utrum … an: whether … or)
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
urbs, urbis, f.city
an, conj.or (in questions)
hīberna, -ōrum n. pl.winter quarters
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
dēleō, -ēre, dēlēvī, dēlētumdestroy, wipe out
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold together, keep within, shut up in; bound
sevērus, -a, -umstern, strict, severe
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
excellō, -erebe superior, excel
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
sīc, adv.so, thus
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
modo, adv.only
manus, -ūs, f.hand
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
vestīgium, -ī, n.track, foot-print
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
pācātus, -a, -umpeaceful, quiet, settled
noceō, -ēre, nocuī, nocitum (+ dat.)harm, hurt
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
iam, adv.now, already
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
hībernō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumspend the winter, winter (in winter quarters)
cottīdiē, adv.daily, every day
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
sūmptus, -ūs m.expense
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
permittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumallow, permit; entrust
hiems, hiemis f.winter
perfugium, -ī n.refuge, shelter
maiōrēs, -um m. pl.ancestors
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
tēctum, -ī n.roof; house
Cicero, De Imperio Cn. Pompei. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.